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Topic: Optimum sustainable yield

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	Maximum sustainable yield - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In population ecology, maximum sustainable yield or MSY is the largest long-term average yield/catch that can be taken from a species' stock without depressing the species' ability to reproduce.
		The maximum sustainable yield is usually higher than the optimum sustainable yield.
		The idea of maximum sustained yield is to decrease population density to the point of highest growth rate possible.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Maximum_sustainable_yield (320 words)

	Optimum Creatine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		1) " Optimum" -- In re: Optimum Creatine
		Optimum sustainable yield 1: In economics, '''optimum sustainable yield''' is the level of effort that
		Optimum population 1: '''Optimum population''' is where the amount of resources av 3: If it is below its optimum population then it has more resources than needed 5: guarantee a continuing population.
	www.witchware.com /File/25360-Optimum.Creatine.Html (637 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> yield (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Crop yield, a measure of the output per unit area of land under cultivation
		Yield (finance), the rate of return the holder earns on a financial instrument or security
		Terminal yield, in formal language theory is the sequence of leaves encountered in an ordered walk of a tree structure
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/yield (193 words)

	Management
		According to the legislation, the goal of marine mammal management was to "obtain an optimum sustainable population keeping in mind the carrying capacity of the habitat." Violations of this act are punishable by fines of up to $20,000 or imprisonment up to one year.
		Optimum sustainable yield combines the maximum sustainable yield with biological, ecological, and socioeconomic data (Reynolds et al., 2000).
		Optimum sustainable yield should be implemented more frequently with more data and knowledge of other resources.
	www.personal.psu.edu /students/h/k/hkl115/management.htm (1069 words)

	Optimum Whey Protein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		This is in contrast to a global optimum, which is the optimal solution of the whole sol 4: The locality of the optimum is dependent on the neighborhood structure as 6: work only if the problem only has one - global - optimum.
		Global optimum 1: finds a local optimum, on the left is the global optimum.
		3: In mathematics, a '''global optimum ''' is a selection from a given domain which yield 7: defined on the real number s, the global optimum occurs at ''x'' = 0, when ''f''(''x'') = 2.
	www.witchware.com /File/8839-Optimum.Whey.Protein.Html (725 words)

	IWMC - Overfishing in the Global Village / 19 March 1998
		While free-access has stimulated the traditional model that a fish that is not captured by one fisherman can be captured by another, the tragic reality began to be exposed in the 40s decade, when the importance and behavior of the so-called highly migratory species was known, with little uncertainty.
		The situation promoted the creation of a series of intergovernmental scientific fishing organizations, devoted to recommend quotas for maximum and optimum sustainable yield of certain fisheries as well as the status and dynamics of the populations and recommendation of administration and conservation measures.
		The whaling issue, as an example, is no longer a cultural, sustainable use or basic food issue it is about giving whales the holy status of western sacred cows, because animal rights groups have formed the collective conscience of the public opinion into believing that these animals are more human than humans.
	www.iwmc.org /sustain/Articles/980319.htm (1225 words)

	Build Sustainable Fisheries
		Overfishing is a rate or level of fishing mortality that jeopardizes the capacity of a fishery to produce the maximum sustainable yield on a continuing basis.
		Optimum yield is defined as the amount of fish which will achieve the maximum sustainable yield, as reduced by any relevant economic, social, or ecological factor.
		In the case of an overfished fishery, optimum yield has been defined as that amount of fish which will provide for rebuilding of the stock to a level which will support the maximum sustainable yield.
	www.noaa.gov /nmfs/vision/sustain_vision.html (1981 words)

	THE IMPACT OF DRIFTNET FISHING ON SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
		Sustainable fisheries are sustainable because they are very focused fisheries, catching the target species and little else.
		Management requires that fishing effort be controlled so that no more and preferable less than the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) of the target population is caught during the year by all fishermen fishing on that population.
		Since maximum sustainable yield is difficult to pinpoint and must also take other sources of mortality into consideration, it generally is safer to take the optimum sustainable yield (OSY) of a population, which is less that MSY.
	www.earthtrust.org /dnpaper/impact2.html (3049 words)

	IWMC.org - 2nd Symposium - Issues of Relevance - Cultures & Traditions
		Although management measures are essential for the long-term conservation of fisheries resources, and to ensure optimum sustainable yields, they are inevitably unpopular with those who have previously enjoyed unrestricted access to the resource.
		In order to provide fisheries managers with the basic research findings required for defining goals such as optimum sustainable yield, total allowable catch and maximum yield per recruit, research programme have, by necessity, evolved from predominantly natural history and descriptive biology to more mathematically oriented task of resource assessment and population dynamics.
		The realization that many resources have already declined past the point of optimum sustainability has necessitated assessment of methods for rehabilitation of depleted stocks and restoration of damaged habitats.
	www.iwmc.org /sustain/2ndSymposium/issues/issues-04-1.htm (554 words)

	Tambuyog (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		sustainable development stresses balancing human needs with the carrying capacity of the environment, practical issues arise as to how resource management---given the bias for effort reduction---could lead to an increase in incomes.
		The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) is another framework or analytical tool which highlights the expansion in assets or capital in the conduct of development work.
		One of the major insights gained from this participatory research is the appreciation that fishing households and communities maximize a mixture of existing assets (referred to in the research as “strengths”), particularly natural and social capital, to minimize impacts of changing natural and social conditions (referred to as “vulnerabilities”).
	www.tambuyog.org /theoretical_framework.asp (465 words)

	Untitled Document
		The best sustainable yield, for the combined purposes of the fishing industry, of conservation, and of the nation as a whole.
		A fishery in which, following a period of "full development", annual yields have declined steadily and significantly for a number of years and is now yielding much less that its historical maximum production.
		While the causes of "senescence" could be many, it is usually assumed that overfishing is the main one, combined or not with unfavourable climatic conditions.
	www.cica.es /aliens/oceans21/93glossarynz.html (905 words)

	News detail
		The maximum sustainable hunting rate is achieved when the largest number of animals are breeding at the fastest possible rate.
		Harvesting strategies are usually set at a rate lower than this - the optimum sustainable yield.
		A simple example being the ban on fox hunting which from above is simply regarded as being a method for achieving the optimum sustainable yield.
	www.mtsn.org.uk /news_detail.aspx?news_id=39 (396 words)

	ENB:07:24
		The FAO representative said that the principle of Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) was adopted in UNCLOS as a target for development or rebuilding of resources that would be efficient for humans and safe for the resource.
		But, with an imperfect knowledge of fish population dynamics and incomplete understanding of socio-economic dynamics, using MSY as a management target is neither efficient nor safe.
		It was noted by some that the Russian proposal artificially disintegrates measures to protect straddling fish stocks, since it refers to long-term sustainability for straddling fish stocks and to optimum utilization for highly migratory fish stocks.
	www.iisd.ca /vol07/0724001e.html (755 words)

	Fishery Management Methods: Are Sustainable Fisheries Possible?
		Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is the largest annual catch of a particular species that fishermen can take continuously without over fishing it.
		The problem with MSY as an indicator of the health of the fishery is that we never know what MSY is until we have over fished the stock.
		Optimum Sustainable Yield (OSY), as it is now defined in the federal Sustainable Fisheries Act, is MSY minus a precautionary fudge factor to protect the stock from over fishing.
	www.pacfish.org /wpapers/fishmgt.html (1663 words)

	Optimum Yield, Inc. - Rebuilding the Earth's Soils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Optimum Yield is a company that offers a product line of fertilizers that increase yield while arresting the contamination of soil.
		Optimum Yield Incorporated is a company with a vision of a sustainable future whereby all growers across the world can profitably produce food, fiber, grass, flowers and trees using methods that are best, or optimum, for themselves, for all people, and for the environment.
		Please call Optimum Yield toll free @ 1-888-OPYIELD (679-4353), send us an e-mail or click on Find a Distributor to find the nearest Optimum Yield representative.
	www.oyi.com (150 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The government will endeavour to preserve biological diversity, and to observe the principle of optimum sustainable yield in the use of renewable natural resources ecosystems, both on land and the sea.
		The Programme for Sustainable Tropical Forestry in Guyana was proposed two years ago, but process has since been stalled due to lack of funds (Sullivan, 1990).
		Recently, the programme, due to run for five years, was adopted by the Global Environment Facility, a fund established by the World Bank and the UN Development Programme (Pearce, 1992).
	www.unep-wcmc.org /protected_areas/data/countrysheets/guy.html (3439 words)

	Find in a Library: Optimum sustainable yield as a concept in fisheries management
		Find in a Library: Optimum sustainable yield as a concept in fisheries management
		Optimum sustainable yield as a concept in fisheries management
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/a0decd4c1f47706e.html (66 words)

	[No title]
		All States have the duty to adopt, or to co-operate with other States in adopting, such measures for their respective nationals as may be necessary for the conservation of the living resources of the high seas.
		Article 2 As employed in this Convention, the expression 'conservation of the living resources of the high seas' means the aggregate of the measures rendering possible the optimum sustainable yield from those resources so as to secure a maximum supply of food and other marine products.
		Conservation programmes should be formulated with a view to securing in the first place a supply of food for human consumption.
	www.sovereignty.net /un-treaties/fishing.txt (1220 words)

	Coillte Managing Our Forests - Policies, Timber Production (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Coillte's policy is to harvest the optimum, sustainable yield of timber from its forests having regard to the protection of other forest values and to the requirements of its customers.
		Forest management is a complex business and a wide range of factors must be taken into account in arriving at decisions about which forests should be harvested, when and by what method.
		The principal requirement in regard to the sustainability of the timber resource is to ensure that, on average, the volume of timber harvested in any one year does not exceed the amount by which the volume of timber in the forest increases in one year.
	www.coillte.ie /managing_our_forests/policies_plans/timber.htm (319 words)

	NOAA's National Ocean Service: John H. Dunnigan Biography
		Since 2002, he has overseen NOAA's efforts promoting fishery conservation and management programs aimed at achieving the optimum sustainable yield from U.S. fisheries on an annual basis.
		While serving as director of the Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Dunnigan also served as director of the NOAA Ecosystem Goal Team, one of the four mission goals in the agency.
		He has led efforts to develop long-term, multi-year policy direction as NOAA works to implement an ecosystem approach to its management of the nation's marine resources.
	www.oceanservice.noaa.gov /about/supp_bio.html (360 words)

	Re: Catch and Release Fishing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Why do : you have to completly close a fishery to protect it?
		Why can't it just be : utilized wisely and at an optimum sustainable yield?
		The fish maintain : their stocks, people get to fish for fun or for food, everyone's happy.
	www.ibiblio.org /intergarden/agriculture/aquaculture/1/msg00337.html (194 words)

	Exam I
		Define/differentiate Maximum sustainable yield (MSY) and Optimum sustainable yield (OSY)
		Differences between sustainable and unsustainable growth (resource use, pollution control, resource fate, resource type)
		Economic incentives to sustain the environment (green taxes, subsidies, licenses, fees, etc)
	www.cfr.washington.edu /classes.esc.110su/review2.htm (393 words)

	Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Recognizing that the stocks of Antarctic seals are an important living resource in the marine environment which requires an international agreement for its effective conservation;
		Recognizing that this resource should not be depleted by over-exploitation, and hence that any harvesting should be regulated so as not to exceed the levels of the optimum sustainable yield;
		Recognizing that in order to improve scientific knowledge and so place exploitation on a rational basis, every effort should be made both to encourage biological and other research on Antarctic seal populations and to gain information from such research and from the statistics of future sealing operations, so that further suitable regulations may be formulated;
	www.umweltbundesamt.de /antarktis-e/ccas.htm (3034 words)

	Re: Catch and Release Fishing
		Why do you have to completly close a fishery to protect it?
		Why can't it just be utilized wisely and at an optimum sustainable yield?
		The fish maintain their stocks, people get to fish for fun or for food, everyone's happy.
	www.ibiblio.org /intergarden/agriculture/aquaculture/1/msg00334.html (127 words)

	Shrimp farming
		"(1)(A) The wild harvest or capture of certain seafood species exceeds levels of optimum sustainable yield, thereby making it more difficult to meet the increasing demand for aquatic food
		The Secretary may make grants and enter into contracts with any person or governmental agency to support the market development and commercialization of aquaculture research and technology that-
		"(6) the extent to which the proposal promotes sustainable aquaculture development; and
	www.shrimpfarm.net /AquaBill.htm (1224 words)

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