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Topic: Oral stage

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	The Freud Page/ Glossary/ Oral Stage
		At the oral stage, the sexual pleasure is predominantly related to the excitation of the oral cavity and lips, associated with feeding.
		oral sadistic stage concurrent with teething, when incorporation means the destruction of the object due to instinctual ambivalence, that is, the coexistence of libido and aggression in the relationship to a single object.
		Oral conflicts are expressed in such symptoms as distaste for food, vomiting, jaw spasm, grinding of the teeth, speech inhibitions.
	www.geocities.com /~mhrowell/oral_stage.html (299 words)

	Oral stage - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The oral stage in psychology is the term used by Sigmund Freud to describe the child's development during the first 18 to 24 months of life, in which an infant's pleasure centers are in the mouth.
		An oral fixation (also oral craving) is a fixation in the oral stage of development and manifested by an obsession with stimulating the mouth (oral), first described by Sigmund Freud.
		Oral fixations are considered to contribute to over-eating, being overly talkative, smoking addictions and alcoholism (known as "oral dependent" qualities).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oral_stage (436 words)

	The Oral Cancer File: Latest Research
		Clinical staging of primary tumors was TNM (tumor, nodules, metastases) stage IV in 89%, stage III in 6.3% and stage II in 4.7%.
		The overall stage was I in 3, II in 18, III in 18, and IV in 7 patients.
		Method: This was a retrospective study of 77 consecutive patients with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity treated by radical surgery and post-operative radiotherapy between January 1999 and December 2001.
	www.lifestages.com /health/oralcanc.html (16893 words)

	THE MERCK MANUAL OF GERIATRICS, Ch. 104, Dental and Oral Disorders
		Oral cancer most commonly begins on the floor of the mouth or on the tongue, oropharynx, and lips.
		Oral cancer in the buccal and labial vestibular areas is most common in smokeless tobacco users.
		Staging involves imaging with CT or MRI to identify tumor size, involvement of locoregional lymph nodes and vital structures, and distal metastases.
	www.merck.com /mrkshared/mmg/sec13/ch104/ch104e.jsp#sec13-ch104-160 (846 words)

	A detailed description of brush cytology, and the oral brush biopsy.
		In contrast, the value of cytology lies in the identification of early stage oral cancers and dysplasias whose clinical appearance is often innocuous or trivial.
		Although many authors initially concluded from their data that oral cytology could serve as a useful adjunct to biopsy, the current general perception among both dentists and physicians is that the sensitivity of oral cytology is not sufficient to warrant its widespread use as a screening modality to triage visible lesions.
		One major problem inherent in current oral cancer screening is that by visual examination alone, precancers and early stage oral cancers cannot be adequately identified, and such lesions may easily be overlooked and neglected, even by highly trained professionals.
	www.oralcancerfoundation.org /products/detailed_brush_cytology.htm (1837 words)

	Cancer Information \| UPMC Cancer Centers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Treatment of stage II lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity.
		Treatment of stage III lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity.
		Treatment of stage IV lip and oral cavity cancer depends on where cancer is found in the lip and oral cavity.
	www.upmccancercenters.com /pdq_xml/cancer.cfm?id=79 (3506 words)

	3 Stages of Swallowing
		The oral stage is voluntary and requires control of oral structures, including the anterior position of the soft palate.
		Problems during the oral stage may cause food or liquid to fall into the pharynx and lead to aspiration before the swallow reflex is elicited.
		This is a reflexive stage that begins with the raising of the hyoid and larynx, and closing of the thyroarytenoid and ventricular cords to create a velopharyngeal seal.
	huntingtondisease.tripod.com /swallowing/id15.html (531 words)

	U.S. Army HOOAH 4 HEALTH - PREVENTION: Dental Health: Oral Cancer Awareness and Prevention (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Although oral cancer is not the most common form of cancer, this little-known disease strikes more Americans annually than some better-known cancers such as leukemia, melanoma, thyroid cancer, stomach cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer.
		The reason why the overall oral cancer survival rate is so low is that more than half of all oral cancers are not detected until they are at an advanced stage.
		Advanced cases of oral cancer frequently are associated with chronic pain, loss of normal use of the mouth for speaking and eating, and irreparable disfigurement to the face.
	www.hooah4health.com /prevention/disease/dentaldisease/oralcancer.htm (749 words)

	Oral Cancer Stats (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Oral cancer is rising in women, those under age 40 and nonsmokers.
		Oral cancer is among the ten most common cancers worldwide and in parts of Asia and Latin America, oral cancer is the most common cancer.
		When oral cancer is detected early by your dentist, the chances of a complete cure are highest.
	www.oralcdx.com /store/webpages.aspx?c=56 (336 words)

	Smiles4ever.com - Oral Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Oral cancers are particularly deadly, because they do not cause symptoms to the patient until they are too large to cure.
		An oral lesion may be a persistent sore of irritation, a small, flat, red or white patch, or a growth, lump, thickening, rough spot, crust or irritated area.
		Oral cancer is typically a disease of older people usually because of their longer exposure to risk factors.
	smiles4ever.com /patient/information/oral/cancer.html (1563 words)

	Welcome to Well-Woman!
		In psychological terms being "fixated" at the oral stage of development refers to a person’s need to nurture herself by putting things in her mouth.
		People who are said to have an oral fixation may suck their thumbs into adulthood, smoke, suck on lollipops, eat a great deal, and generally experience the world through their mouths.
		Since the oral stage of development is a very early one (the first year of life) you can imagine that someone who has not worked through all of the issues of that period will have unresolved conflicts and may exhibit some immature and childlike behaviors.
	www.barnard.edu /wwoman/qanda/livingwell/oralfix.html (323 words)

	Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer
		Lip and oral cavity cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the lips or mouth.
		After lip and oral cavity cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the lip and oral cavity or to other parts of the body.
		Patients with lip and oral cavity cancer should have their treatment planned by a team of doctors who are expert in treating head and neck cancer.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cancer.gov/CDR0000258017.html (4108 words)

	Physiology of the Swallow
		When the bolus passes the anterior faucial pillars/touches the posterior wall of the pharynx, the oral stage ends and the pharyngeal stage begins as the tongue driving force or the tongue's plunger action, forces the bolus into the pharynx.
		The "oral tongue" which extends from the tip to the back, adjacent to the velum, functions during the oral stage of the swallow while the "pharyngeal tongue" functions during the pharyngeal stage.
		It is the most critical stage of the swallow; airway closure must occur to prevent the bolus from entering the respiratory system.
	www.csuchico.edu /~pmccaff/syllabi/SPPA342/342unit4.html (912 words)

	SparkNotes: Psychodynamic: The Development of Personality
		The anal stage follows the oral stage and is primarily concerned with the child's toilet training.
		During this stage, the focus of pleasure is on the anus (thus the "anal stage").
		According to Freud, the girl's phallic stage is focused on the absence of a penis and the desire to have one ("penis envy").
	www.sparknotes.com /psychology/personality/psychodynamic/section3.rhtml (788 words)

	CTF Full Text Review: Prevention of oral cancer
		The use of tolonium chloride testing in conjunction with oral physical examination should increase the recorded prevalence of oral cancer in case-finding (average sensitivity 96.7% with 90.8 average specificity), however Rosenberg et al<6> demonstrate that the prevalence remains sufficiently low to limit its usefulness.
		Although oral precancers are relatively infrequent and population screening may therefore be inappropriate, their relative importance and significant rate of malignant transformation would support case-finding strategies, particularly in high-risk populations.
		Several large case series report similar five-year survival figures and identify second primary oral cancers as the leading cause of death in these patients after local or regional recurrence.<29-33,36> The rates of second primary oral cancers exceeds 36% and adds further to the confusion in interpreting the effectiveness of treatment for invasive oral cancers.
	www.ctfphc.org /Full_Text/Ch69full.htm (2010 words)

	Dysphagia & Hypophoaryngeal Diverticuli(Mar.1997)
		Normal swallowing is divided into four stages, the oral preparatory stage, the oral stage, the pharyngeal stage, and the esophageal stage.
		The oral stage is the second stage of swallowing.
		The modified barium swallow is a radiographic videofluoroscopic technique that is used to evaluate the oral and pharyngeal stages of swallowing.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/dysphagi.htm (3134 words)

	Oral cancer campaign urges Detroiters to get checked (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Detroit area, with one of the highest incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer in the state, had only 35 percent of its oral cancer cases detected at an early (localized) stage.
		Among the risk factors of oral cancer are tobacco use, moderate or heavy alcohol use, a diet low in fruits and vegetables, lack of access to early screening and dental care, and poor oral hygiene.
		Oral cancer is more prevalent in African American men in Detroit than cancer of the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, larynx, skin or bladder.
	www.cancer.med.umich.edu /news/oralcancer05.htm (546 words)

	DaimlerChrysler - Oral CDx Brush Biopsy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The benefit, effective immediately, is expected to prevent the development of oral cancer and improve the survival rates for those who develop the disease.
		The painless detection of early oral cancer is now possible, and many patients will soon realize that by visiting their dentists regularly, they will not only be protecting their teeth and gums, but also their lives.
		Oral cancer is one of the most expensive cancers to treat with the average cost for treating an advanced case at an average $200,000.
	www.deltadentalin.com /media/newsReleases/2004/dcxBrushBio.htm (1299 words)

	The Cancer Infomation Network
		Treatment Options by Stages - The most important prognostic factor for oral cavity and oral pharyngeal cancer is the stage of the disease.
		Many cancers of the oral cavity and oropharynx can be found early during self-examination or routine physical examinations by a doctor or dentist.
		The survival rate is dramatically higher for patients with early stage oral cancer.
	www.cancerlinksusa.com /oral (887 words)

	Lip and Oral Cavity Cancer
		-- Cancer of the lip and oral cavity is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the tissues of the lip or mouth.
		-- Treatment by stage -- Treatment of cancer of the lip and oral cavity depends on where the cancer is, the stage of the disease, and the patient's age and overall health.
		For all stage III lip and oral cavity cancers, clinical trials are testing chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy.
	www.medhelp.org /lib/cancernet/202840.htm (3230 words)

	Fortnightly review: Oral cancer -- Zakrzewska 318 (7190): 1051 -- BMJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is increasing
		Oral squamous cell carcinoma presents in a variety of ways but most early lesions are asymptomatic.
		The principles of the treatment of oral cancer and its sequelae are well described in the specialist literature.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/318/7190/1051 (2022 words)

	OralCDx Biopsy
		The OralCDx oral brush biopsy is a reliable non-invasive and simple chair side procedure to determine if an oral lesion is benign or potentially harmful.
		The oral biopsy brush is pressed against the lesion and rotated 5-10x or more depending on the thickness of the lesion.
		Oral cancer is the sixth most common form of cancer in the U.S., 9 cases were found in our area just last year.
	www.dentalgentlecare.com /oralcdx_biopsy.htm (684 words)

	Psychosexual development - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The oral stage in psychology is the term used by Sigmund Freud to describe the child's development during the first eighteen months of life, in which an infant's pleasure centers are in the mouth.
		In this stage they are learning to control the expulsion of feces making the libidinal energy focused in their bowel movements.
		At this point he notices that women have no penis and fears that the punishment of his father for being in love with his wife, may be castration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Psychosexual_development (1136 words)

	City of Austin - Austin Police Department Recruiting: Hiring Process
		The pre-screen stage involves filling out a short packet with personal information that allows a Recruiter to determine if the applicant is eligible to apply for a position of police cadet with the Austin Police Department.
		Should it become necessary, the prospective candidate will be expected to assist in getting his/her references to contact the investigator in a timely manner or to provide any information deemed necessary by the investigator.
		Upon passing the Oral Board, the prospective candidate will be provided with a letter of congratulations.
	www.ci.austin.tx.us /police/recruiting/hiring.htm#prestage (1449 words)

	Cell Cycle Regulatory Protein Changes in Advanced Stage Oral Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Differences between normal oral epithelium and cancer cells arise from alterations in expression of specific genes controlling proliferation and immortalization.
		Methods: Archival oral cancer pathology specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry by independent pathologists.
		Cyclin A (0% stage I/II tumors vs. 51% stage III/IV tumors; p<0.001), cyclin B1 (38% vs. 70%; p<0.01), cyclin E (9% vs. 37%; p<0.01), and c-myc (6% vs. 33%; p<0.01) expression was signicantly increased in stage III and IV tumors compared to stage I/II cancers.
	iadr.confex.com /iadr/2004Hawaii/techprogram/abstract_39472.htm (351 words)

	Sigmund Freud [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		From his account of the instincts or drives it followed that from the moment of birth the infant is driven in his actions by the desire for bodily/sexual pleasure, where this is seen by Freud in almost mechanical terms as the desire to release mental energy.
		This is followed by a stage in which the locus of pleasure or energy release is the anus, particularly in the act of defecation, and this is accordingly termed the 'anal' stage.
		Then the young child develops an interest in its sexual organs as a site of pleasure (the 'phallic' stage), and develops a deep sexual attraction for the parent of the opposite sex, and a hatred of the parent of the same sex (the 'Oedipus complex').
	www.utm.edu /research/iep/f/freud.htm (4636 words)

	eMedicine - Oral Herpes : Article Excerpt by: Lisa Chan, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Oral herpes is an infection caused by the herpes simplex virus.
		Because the virus is highly contagious, most people have been infected by at least 1 herpes subtype before adulthood.
		During this stage, oral sores and other symptoms, such as fever, may develop.
	www.emedicine.com /aaem/byname/oral-herpes.htm (263 words)

	F R E U D
		ORAL - during the first year of life the libido is gratified through stimulation of the mucous membrane of the mouth (breast feeding, sucking behaviour).
		For example, during the Oral Stage the child may not receive enough oral gratification, so will fixate on that stage and be inclined to prolong it to make up for lost time.
		If, during the genital stage, sexual gratification is not satisfied, the person will then regress to a previous psychosexual stage which was a trouble-free source of gratification.
	www.hull.ac.uk /php/cetag/2dfreud.htm (1437 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This workshop is a joint-collaboration between The Dram Projects (TDP) and The Oral Stage (TOS).
		TDP is a community project that develops programmes for children and youth to enrich their experiences and foster creative, confident and contributing individuals in the future.
		Something exciting is brewing in this month of November for Project OMG!, an indie (somewhat) gig initiative of The Oral Stage, starting with a spoken word workshop by UK poet Malika Booker on the 24th of November 2006.
	theoralstage.blogspot.com (2782 words)

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