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	Oral Tradition - Indian Country Wisconsin
		Oral tradition is important in all societies, despite the reliance of some cultures on written records and accounts.
		These traditions account for the ways things are and often the way they should be, and assist people in educating the young and teaching important lessons about the past and about life.
		Within oral traditions, a culture hero is a human or superhuman who figures prominently in the traditions of that society and whose life, deeds, and adventures are important to shaping the way things are.
	www.mpm.edu /wirp/ICW-14.html (4044 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Oral tradition
		Oral tradition or oral culture is a way of transmitting history, literature or law from one generation to the next in a civilization without a writing system.
		In a general sense, "oral tradition" refers to the transmission of cultural material by means other than written records, and was long held to be a key descriptor of folklore (a criterion no longer rigidly held by all folklorists).
		Oral tradition as a field of study had its origins in the work of the Serb scholar Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic (1787-1864), a contemporary of the Brothers Grimm.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Oral-tradition (3159 words)

	Scripture Catholic - ORAL APOSTOLIC TRADITION
		This delivery of the faith refers to the oral tradition the Colossians had previously received from the ordained leaders of the Church.
		Other examples of apostolic tradition include the teachings on the Blessed Trinity, the hypostatic union (Jesus had a divine and human nature in one person), the filioque (that the Spirit proceeds from the Father and the Son), the assumption of Mary, and knowing that the Gospel of Matthew was written by Matthew.
		This demonstrates that the apostles relied upon oral tradition and taught by oral tradition.
	www.scripturecatholic.com /oral_tradition.html (4482 words)

	Oral Tradition
		Part of the function of oral tradition is to communicate to and remind the community of the traditions of the culture.
		In some oral cultures, time seems almost collapsed in that the origin of the individual, or the activities of the individual, are not separated in the way that they are for written language cultures.
		He warns that resurrecting oral traditions for the purpose of, or when it results in, conflict between groups could be detrimental, except when the purpose is to separate from the dominant culture which can absorb this conflict.
	core.ecu.edu /engl/kaind/crit/oraltext.html (1456 words)

	The importance of oral tradition for children: case of countries of the Sahel. - 65th IFLA Council and General ...
		Other agents who operate in the transmission of oral tradition are storytellers who always have messages to pass on at the time of nocturnal celebrations, but also singers who willingly draw from the national index.
		African traditional tales often put in stage animals and qualities that one wants to instill in children- The intelligence -any kind of intelligence- because it is essential for them to defend themselves against the brutal and harmful strengths of the environment.
		Finally, it would be necessary to succeed in not representing the oral tradition as the only support of our societies, but to show that there were also acquirements and technical innovations very adapted to the field and the needs of humans of that time.
	www.ifla.org /IV/ifla65/65mb-e.htm (3157 words)

	[Project Rastko] THE HISTORY OF SERBIAN CULTURE - The oral tradition: Nada Milošević-Đorđević
		The oral tradition about the period after Kosovo presented the ever greater penetration of the Turks into the interior of the country as a historical inevitability which the Serbian despots and dukes resisted with all their might.
		In the folk tradition, Marko joins all the other important epic heroes of various periods, or else he opposes them and his presence becomes the measure of importance for those heroes and events, all the way up to the wars of liberation.
		The basis of the traditions - that their authenticity is not to be doubted either by the storyteller or by the audience - demanded a special form of artistic modeling.
	www.rastko.org.yu /isk/nmilosevic-oral_tradition.html (7286 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Tradition and Living Magisterium
		In the first sense it is an old tradition that Jesus Christ was born on 25 December, in the second sense tradition relates that on the road to Calvary a pious woman wiped the face of Jesus.
		The Council, as is evident, held that there are Divine traditions not contained in Holy Scripture, revelations made to the Apostles either orally by Jesus Christ or by the inspiration of the Holy Ghost and transmitted by the Apostles to the Church.
		They came eventually, after rejecting the Divine tradition received from the Apostles by the infallible Church, to rest their faith in the Bible only as a human authority, which moreover was especially insufficient under the circumstances, since it opened up all manner of doubts and prepared the way for Biblical rationalism.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/15006b.htm (6445 words)

	oral - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Oral (city), formerly Ural’sk, in northwestern Kazakhstan, located on the Ural.
		The administrative center of Batys Qazaqstan Province, Oral is an...
		Oral Tradition, preservation of personal and cultural history in the oral communication of stories, songs, and poems.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=oral (197 words)

	Milton H. Erickson and the Art of the Oral Tradition
		Foley explored the ways words become incredibly powerful in the oral tradition with a theory he called "word-power." Word-power is the specific potency of meaning bestowed on a word by its history of use in a tradition and by the way the oral performer expresses it.
		His work argues that meaning in oral tradition is not only created by the arrangement of themes, it is also amplified by the ritual history of the performance that is evoked in the memories of the participants as they listen to the performance.
		"the [oral] word is a simultaneous act of mind and body, thought carried on the breath that is the movement of life, the movement of the spirit from the heart-and-lungs to the outside, given form by the mind-controlled vocal cord and tongue." (p.
	www.miltonherickson.com /oralTrad.html (19377 words)

	ORAL TRADITION IN THE NEW TESTAMENT (This Rock: May 1995)
		In one sense the entire Christian message is based on oral tradition and is only augmented by using the written revelation of the Old Testament.
		From this perspective, perhaps 90 percent of the New Testament is based on authoritative oral tradition (from Jesus), and the remain ten percent is from written sources.
		If we could find in the New Testament no case in which the authors drew on Jewish oral tradition as authoritative, one could make the case that sola scriptura is a doctrine taught by the apostles, if not explicitly in the pages of the New Testament, then at least implicitly by their example.
	www.catholic.com /thisrock/1995/9505fea1.asp (3120 words)

	The Oral Tradition
		Since the Written Torah appears largely defective unless supplemented by the oral tradition, a denial of the Oral Torah necessarily leads to the denial of the divine origin of the written text as well...
		All laws legislated by the Sanhedrin eventually became part of the oral tradition which was transmitted from generation to generation.
		Since the tradition required that the Oral Torah be written under certain conditions, the commandment to write a Torah scroll now also includes an obligation to write or purchase books of Mishnah and Talmud containing the Oral Torah.
	www.aish.com /literacy/concepts/The_Oral_Tradition.asp (2322 words)

	The Reliability of Scripture and Oral Tradition
		This was an affirmation of the identity of the reciters of that tradition.
		Tradition had to be presented as a unity, and Jesus had to be pictured as the Son of God, suffered, died, and risen.
		Tradition as studied by Bailey is shown to accurately reflect events that are foundational to the community.
	matt1618.freeyellow.com /oraltradition.html (4180 words)

	The Oral Tradition - Oral Traditions Manual - PWNHC
		An oral tradition is the passing of knowledge from one generation to the next orally (by speaking).
		However, little of the knowledge within their oral tradition has been recorded and used to create a written tradition that is meaningful in their own culture.
		The term traditional knowledge has come to mean the knowledge that has been passed from one generation to the next through the oral or written traditions.
	pwnhc.learnnet.nt.ca /research/otm/otrman2.htm (1497 words)

	Oral Tradition & Respect
		Oral tradition is as important to most Native Americans as the food, water and air are to you.
		You may liken the ways of oral tradition to that of your grandmothers blue ribbon recipe handed down from mother to daughter to daughter to daughter and so on.
		Oral tradition is respected, as are the teachers of this tradition and how they impart their wisdom.
	jim.eagle.spiritual.counselor.bizhosting.com /oral_tradition___respect.html (586 words)

	The Blues . Blues Classroom . Lesson Plans . Oral Tradition and the Blues \| PBS
		When slavery took Africans from their land, they were separated from the rich musical and oral traditions native to each country and region.
		This lesson explores both the African American oral tradition and the relationship of this tradition to the blues.
		Student research should ideally be presented in oral presentations in which students play their songs and show their photographs, pointing out the common theme in all the works.
	www.pbs.org /theblues/classroom/deftradition.html (1764 words)

	[No title]
		Oral recall was far more important in ancient socities, particularly Judaism, than we have commonly allowed for; and the techniques used for memorization by ancient societies as a whole have a remarkable similarity to techniques promulgated by today's "memory improvement" seminars we now pay exorbitant fees to attend.
		In view of the fact that the earliest conveyors of the Jesus tradition were all, without exception, Jews, we would naturally expect them to treat the teachings of their master with as much respect as did the disciples of other Jewish teachers such as Hillel and Shammai.
		Oral tradition, then, in the social context of first-century Palestine, was more than up to the task of preserving the words of Jesus.
	www.tektonics.org /ntdocdef/orality01.html (3682 words)

	The New Kadampa Tradition \| Meditation in Florida
		The Kadampa tradition was later promoted widely in Tibet by Je Tsongkhapa and his followers, who were known as the "New Kadampas".
		By integrating their knowledge of all Buddha's teachings into their practice of Lamrim, and by integrating this into their everyday lives, Kadampa Buddhists are encouraged to use Buddha's teachings as practical methods for transforming daily activities into the path to enlightenment.
		The lineage of these teachings, both their oral transmission and blessings, was then passed from Teacher to disciple, spreading throughout much of Asia, and now to many countries throughout the western world.
	www.meditationinflorida.org /new-kadampa-tradition.php (506 words)

	Oral Tradition
		Imagine the confluence of all of these phenomena and you have the Bertsolari Txapelketa, the national championship of bertsolaritza, the improvised contest poetry from Basque oral tradition, which took place in Barakaldo, Spain, on December 18, 2005.
		The video illustrations include the Carnival of Binche (Belgium), the oral and graphic expressions of the Wajapi (Brazil), the Pansori epic chant (Republic of Korea), the woodcrafting knowledge of the Zafimaniry (Madagascar), and Vanuatu sand drawings (Melanesia).
		Many books about oral poetry assume that their readers have some prior experience or training in the subject, making it difficult or impossible for the nonspecialist to enter the conversation.
	www.oraltradition.org (826 words)

	The Temple Institute: The Oral Tradition: Shedding Light on the Secrets of the Bible
		The mainstream Pharisees (who held fast to the Oral Tradition of Bible interpretation) were opposed by the cult of the Sadducees.
		The Sadducees did not accept the traditions of Sinai; by opposing the Oral Tradition, they rebelled against God Himself - for it was He, in His ultimate wisdom, who decreed that this process should keep the Torah alive and bind it steadfast to His people through every generation and circumstance.
		The oral traditions that expound upon the meaning of this verse, explain that the heifer is to be paid for with funds donated by all of Israel.
	www.templeinstitute.org /red_heifer/oral_tradition.htm (3534 words)

	First Nations Oral Tradition, Lesson Plans
		Invite a First Nations storyteller to share some of his or her stories with the students or use audio recording of a storyteller to introduce oral tradition to the students.
		Oral tradition has been the means by which the First Nations culture, and many other cultures, have survived throughout the years.
		Traditional tales were told by many different people and often the same type of tales were told in different areas of North America.
	olc.spsd.sk.ca /DE/resources/firstnationsliterature/oraltradition.html (1194 words)

	American Indian Studies Oral Tradition Emphasis UWGB
		The First Nation Studies program at UW Green Bay is unique in that it places primary emphasis on the oral traditions of American Indian tribal communities.
		The emphasis on the oral tradition is reflected both in the FNS course content and material, as well as in actual classroom learning environments.
		The FNS oral traditional emphasis is integrated into all courses, focusing on the Four Pillars of Tribal Knowledge and Learning.
	www.uwgb.edu /fns/oraltradition.htm (337 words)

	African American Culture Through Oral Tradition
		Thus, oral tradition gives more emphasis to the rhythm of the language, with repetition and short phrases making the stories easier to understand, and in turn to recall from memory.
		The practice of the story-telling tradition acted somewhat as a means of empowerment for slaves: it was something that their white masters could not entirely control, and it encouraged slave solidarity.
		Oral history is, in the present day, becoming a means with which to record reactions, interpretations and subjective feelings about modern day events.
	www.gwu.edu /~e73afram/ag-am-mp.html (3044 words)

	An African Philosophy of History in the Oral Tradition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Through the work of Vansina and his students from the University of Wisconsin, among others, we know that the oral tradition is a viable source and a history in its own right; and we recognize the custodians of the traditions as both informants and historians.
		Anthony Appiah concedes that a "folk philosophy" exists in Africa, although he believes that oral tradition is not hospitable to philosophy.
		The oral tradition also understood that accounts did not spring out of nothing, but were recalled through their relevance to present circumstances; approximating to the view that "all history is contemporary history:"
	www.nigerdeltacongress.com /articles/an_african_philosophy_of_history.htm (1353 words)

	African Oral Tradition- Articles- BlackandChristian.com
		In African societies, oral tradition is the method in which history, stories, folktales and religious beliefs are passed on from generation to generation.
		Oral tradition delivers explanations to the mysteries of the universe and the meaning of life on earth.
		Oral tradition relies on the human voice to communicate varied messages.
	www.blackandchristian.com /articles/academy/swilson-09-03.shtml (888 words)

	Oral Tradition and Cultural Atlases
		The resources at this site provide examples and guidance about ways in which the rich oral traditions of Native people can be drawn upon in support of the school curriculum.
		The Oral History Department of the University of Alaska-Fairbanks Rasmuson Library, working under the terms of the Memorandum of Agreement between the Alaska Federation of Natives and the University of Alaska Fairbanks, created these "cultural atlases" as a means of integrating Native ways of knowing about science and technology into Western educational curricula.
		The points of access are compact disc number within each set, name of the speaker, village where the selection was recorded, and the language used by the speaker.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /NPE/oral.html (1030 words)

	Oral Tradition
		Welcome to the e-companion to How to Read an Oral Poem by John Miles Foley (http://www.press.uillinois.edu/f02/foley.html).
		The site has been designed to offer examples and additional information that are best presented via the web, the kinds of materials that don't fit comfortably between the covers of a conventional book.
		Oral tradition is a vast and complex phenomenon, and we need your help to make this site as useful as possible.
	www.oraltradition.org /hrop (270 words)

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