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Topic: Orbit insertion

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insertion sort

insertion loss

Insertion gain

insertion loss vs frequency characteristic

orbital insertion

orbit insertion

linear insertion sort

zero bit insertion

insertion mission

binary insertion sort

Hohmann transfer orbit

retrograde orbit

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	Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orbital insertion placed the orbiter in a highly elliptical polar orbit with a period of approximately 35.5 hours.
		Shortly after insertion, the periapsis — the point in the orbit closest to Mars — was 3,806 km from the planet's center (426 km from its surface).
		The apoapsis — the point in the orbit farthest from Mars — was 47,972 km from the planet's center (44,500 km from its surface).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mars_Reconnaisance_Orbiter (3380 words)

	[No title]
		After orbit insertion, MGS performed a series of orbit changes to drop the low point of its orbit into the upper fringes of the Martian atmosphere at an altitude of about 110 kilometers.
		Orbits 19 through 36 are known as the assessment orbits, and the time period is known as the Assessment Subphase of the Orbit Insertion Phase.
		However, a 2 AM orbit was satisfactory because if the descending leg of the orbit crossed the equator at 2 AM, it meant that the ascending leg, south to north, crossed the equator at the desired time of 2 PM.) Another aerobraking hiatus began on April 21, 1998, and extended through September 11, 1998.
	ida.wr.usgs.gov /docs/mission.txt (2207 words)

	CASSINI orbit insertion
		The approach to Saturn and orbit insertion burn time was so critical, that most of the instruments were in the safest mode available.
		During the actual orbit insertion burn the instrument was switch off, and turned on after critical phase, and continued to measure as soon as it was possible.
		During the inbound and outbound, near orbit insertion, the nitrogen was not detected at Titan distance.
	spaceweb.oulu.fi /projects/cassini/orbit_insertion.html (683 words)

	Mars Odyssey: The Mission
		Slipping into orbit around Mars at the entry point required to achieve the mission science goals is a tricky proposition.
		The Mars orbit insertion "burn," as it is called, is the sole purpose of Odyssey's main engine.
		If the orbit is greater than 22 hours, flight controllers will command the spacecraft to fire its small thrusters to lower the spacecraft's altitude so that it takes no more than 20 hours to circle the planet.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /odyssey/mission/moidescription.html (1548 words)

	NAI: News Stories (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Pacific time on Oct. 23rd (0226 UT on Oct. 24th) and was captured into orbit around the red planet.
		Last night's firing of the main engine reduced Odyssey's speed and allowed it to be captured by Martian gravity into an egg-shaped elliptical orbit around the planet.
		"Orbit insertion is our single most critical event during the mission, and we are glad it's behind us," said David A. Spencer, Odyssey's mission manager at JPL.
	www.nai.arc.nasa.gov /news_stories/news_detail.cfm?ID=97 (351 words)

	Apollo Flight Journal - Lunar Orbit Insertion
		Lunar Orbit Insertion, on the surface, appears to be a standard orbital mechanics problem, solvable using straightforward, albeit sophisticated tools to calculate a solution.
		A second set, the lunar orbit shape solutions, ensure that the apocynthion and pericynthion constraints are met, at the possible expense of the other constraints.
		Planning and executing the Lunar Orbit Insertion maneuver is an example of the teamwork between the flight controllers and the crew.
	history.nasa.gov /afj/loiessay.htm (1177 words)

	Genesis : Search for Origins \| JPL \| NASA
		According to Mission Project Manager Don Sweetnam, "LOI is a spacecraft maneuver that enables a transition from the launch and early portion of the mission to the science sample collection portion of the mission.
		The recent LOI (Lissajous Orbit Insertion) maneuver, on November 16, set up the five halo loops that Genesis will complete around L1 (lasting about 30 months), thus beginning the science part of the mission.
		It's true that other missions have monitored solar wind in halo orbits, but we are the first mission to collect samples of solar wind and return them to the Earth for scientific analysis.
	genesismission.jpl.nasa.gov /mission/LOI.html (452 words)

	SPACE.com -- Odyssey Orbit Insertion: Minute-by-Minute
		Mars Orbit insertion is the point in the mission when the Odyssey spacecraft arrives just short of Mars, fires an onboard rocket to slow its speed relative to the planet, and is captured into a long looping orbit.
		Fault protection software that was turned off during the important orbit insertion phase orbit insertion firing is turned on again.
		Navigators expect that Odyssey will be captured into an initial orbit that will take between 15 and 25 hours for the spacecraft to round the planet.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/missions/insertion_moments.html (2229 words)

	[No title]
		After orbit insertion, Odyssey performed a series of orbit changes to drop the low point of its orbit into the upper fringes of the Martian atmosphere at an altitude of about 110 kilometers.
		The inclination of the science orbit was 93.1 degrees, resulting in a nearly Sun- synchronous orbit [JPLD-16303].
		The solar beta angle, which is closely related to the local solar time, had to be maintained at values less than -55 degrees to ensure that GRS radiative cooler was not exposed to the Sun.
	pds-geosciences.wustl.edu /missions/odyssey/catalog/mission.txt (2194 words)

	Mars Orbit Insertion
		The blue line indicates Surveyor's flight path prior to the start of the burn, the red line represents the burn, and the green line shows the resulting orbit after the burn is complete.
		The low-point of the orbit, at 250 km above the Martian surface, will be located near the position that Surveyor will pass through approximately half way through the MOI burn.
		One hour before the start of the Mars orbit insertion burn, Surveyor will still be over 10,000 km from Mars.
	mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov /mgs/overvu/mplan/moi/moi.html (886 words)

	USATODAY.com - NASA spacecraft enters orbit around Mars (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		It will explore Mars in low orbit for four years and is expected to churn out the most detailed information ever about the planet and its climate and landscape.
		After a seven-month, 310 million-mile journey, the orbiter arrived at Mars Friday for the risky orbit insertion phase.
		In the last 15 years, NASA lost two orbiters back-to-back — the Mars Observer in 1993 and the Mars Climate Orbiter in 1999 — during the orbit insertion phase.
	www.usatoday.com /tech/science/space/2006-03-10-mars-reconnaissance-orbiter_x.htm?csp=34 (701 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Mars spacecraft success (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A spacecraft has successfully entered orbit around Mars, to the jubilation of scientists and the relief of the American space agency Nasa.
		The last time Nasa tried to put a probe into orbit around the Red Planet it was a dismal failure, but researchers are saying that the success, and promise, of Mars Odyssey will make up for past losses.
		But the wait for confirmation that Mars Odyssey was in orbit was a nail-biting one.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/1616683.stm (635 words)

	ESA Portal - Venus Orbit Insertion timeline
		Timeline of events during today's Venus Orbit Insertion (VOI) manoeuvre, marking arrival of ESA's Venus Express spacecraft at its destination.
		VOI is a series of telecommands, engine burns and manoeuvres designed to slow the spacecraft from a velocity of 29 000 kilometres per hour relative to Venus to an entry velocity some 15 percent slower, allowing it to be captured into orbit around the planet.
		During orbit insertion, the spacecraft will be 125 000 000 kilometres from Earth and the round-trip signal time will be 13 minutes and 32 seconds.
	www.esa.int /esaCP/SEMMM0NFGLE_index_0.html (302 words)

	Cassini-Huygens Orbit Insertion Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		During this period, the spacecraft is performing no activities that are not necessary for a successful orbit insertion.
		But that orbit would be an extremely long elliptical one, like the orbit of a comet around the Sun.
		Unfortunately, because of the critical importance of the Orbit Insertion Burn maneuver, Cassini will be unable to use her cameras to photograph Saturn from this vantage point.
	www.planetary.org /saturn/cassini_soi-timeline.html (1429 words)

	Mars Odyssey: The Mission
		NASA's 2001 Mars Odyssey flight team successfully delivered the spacecraft into orbit around Mars as scheduled on October 24, 2001 (Universal Time).
		Sequence of Events: See the minute-by-minute MOI action plan as Odyssey entered into orbit around Mars.
		Doppler Plot: The Doppler plot is watched throughout a space mission, but all eyes were fixed on it during Odyssey's Mars orbit insertion activities, for it was the only window on the spacecraft's behavior during the critical engine firing that delivered Odyssey into Mars orbit.
	mars.jpl.nasa.gov /odyssey/mission/moi.html (177 words)

	Shuttle Insertion into orbit off New Jersey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		MIR was launched from Baykonur, Russia into an orbit inclined 51.6 degrees to the equator.
		As it orbits around the earth it crosses the equator going south at an angle of 51.6 degrees, reaches 51.6 degrees south latitude, then crosses the equator going north at an angle of 51.6 degrees, reaches a northerly latitude of 51.6 degrees, then heads south again to repeat the cycle.
		During a mission the shuttle (now an orbiter) appears as a very bright object often changing brightness due to the ever-changing sun-object-observer viewing angle especially when payload bay doors are open or if payload handling equipment is being used or payload objects are being launched.
	www.starastronomy.org /Library/nsert1on.html (1432 words)

	Apollo Lunar Landing Mission Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		As my current orbit ground track is not very far displaced from the landing site, and an orbit inclination change to effect the desired intersection would actually lower it (lower is generally better when it comes time to plan our Trans Earth Injection), this would be my best option.
		An orbit inclination change is accomplished by initiating a burn in either an Orbit Normal or Orbit Anti-normal attitude while crossing the ascending or descending node.
		An orbit LAN rotation (or LAN slide) is accomplished by initiating a burn in either an Orbit Normal or Orbit Anti-normal attitude while crossing a point approximately 45° past the ascending/descending nodes.
	www.jdkbph.com /ALMT/11LOOps2.htm (1562 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: No. 23 - Successful Orbit Insertion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		After 5 months of cruise phase Venus Express has been inserted into a Venus orbit on 11 April (DoY 101) at about 08:00 UTC with a successful burn of its Main Engine which has slowed down the spacecraft such that it could be captured by the gravity of the planet.
		The spacecraft is now in a 9-day orbit during which 6 science observations are planned together with a Pericenter Control Manoeuvre and the first Apocenter Lowering Manoeuvre.
		At the end of the last Cebreros pass in the reporting period (DOY 103, 13:00) Venus Express was orbiting Venus at 124 million km from the Earth and 108.6 million km from the Sun.
	sci.esa.int /jump.cfm?oid=39112 (868 words)

	Orbit 6 - Space Technology and Fiction
		Using a direct insertion launch trajectory, continuing into orbit with the external tank attached, would allow the shuttle and tank combination to attain the standard circular 160 nautical mile orbit and allow a small payload increase.
		Maximization of orbit altitude may be accomplished by continuing the main engine burn until fuel exhaustion.
		2: The insulation tends to flake off on orbit, leaving a cloud surrounding the tank, and wrapping the tank to contain debris after orbit insertion would be virtually impossible.
	www.orbit6.com /et/et_price.htm (2798 words)

	CNN.com - Payoff high in risky Mars mission - Mar 10, 2006
		The $720 million mission is part of NASA's Mars Exploration Program, a series of spacecraft sent to the planet to establish ongoing surface and orbit observations of the planet's climate and geography.
		Once MRO is in orbit, the team will begin the 6-month process of changing the craft's initial orbit to one that is optimal for scientific observation.
		This orbit adjustment process is called "aerobraking" -- a high-wire space act where MRO makes small dips into the Martian atmosphere and uses the drag on the craft to slow it down just enough to change its orbit.
	www.cnn.com /2006/TECH/space/03/09/mars.orbiter.preview/index.html (976 words)

	2001 News Releases - Mars Odyssey Mission Status
		Pacific time and was captured into orbit around the red planet.
		Through tonight and the early morning hours tomorrow, the flight team will be analyzing the information they are receiving from Odyssey.
		Tonight's firing of the main engine slowed the spacecraft's speed and allowed it to be captured by Mars' gravity into an egg-shaped elliptical orbit around the planet.
	www.jpl.nasa.gov /releases/2001/release_2001_207.html (393 words)

	Mars Climate Orbiter Mission - Mars Orbit Insertion
		The period of the capture orbit will increase if launch takes place on a later date, due to an increasing arrival velocity.
		During the first two days after orbit insertion, the spacecraft will communicate continuously with the Deep Space Network's 70-meter (230-foot) and 34-meter (112-foot) antennas.
		Based on the details of the initial capture orbit, the spacecraft will fire its thrusters during its next closest pass by Mars to lower the orbit and reduce the orbit period by two to four hours.
	mpfwww.jpl.nasa.gov /msp98/orbiter/moi.html (427 words)

	Mars probe poised for 'hair-raising' orbit entry - space - 27 February 2006 - New Scientist Space (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		And the Mars Climate Orbiter is thought to have broken up in the planet's atmosphere in 1999 due to the accidental use of both metric and Imperial units by collaborating teams, which scuppered a critical manoeuvre.
		For MRO's orbit insertion at 2124 GMT, it will aim its main thrusters forward and fire them for 27 minutes to slow down by 18%.
		If the "hair-raising" orbital insertion is successful, the spacecraft will then begin a seven-month "aerobraking" phase, said Michael Meyer, the lead scientist for NASA's Mars programme in Washington DC, US.
	www.newscientistspace.com /article.ns?id=dn8777&feedId=online-news_rss20 (766 words)

	Apollo Lunar Landing Mission Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This first section will cover the process from preparation for LM liftoff to Orbit Insertion, and any plane change maneuvers which may be necessary.
		Both this section and the next assume that the correct CSM orbit parameters for LOR have been established per the previous section.
		The node line in the Align Orbit MFD is perpendicular to our position line which means that's as close as we're going to get for the moment.
	www.jdkbph.com /ALMT/12LMAscent.htm (1512 words)

	Countdown to Saturn orbit insertion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Cassini-Huygens, the joint NASA/ESA/ASI space mission, is due to enter Saturn's orbit during the early hours of Thursday 1st July 2004.
		From 28th June - 3rd July NASA will be operating a newsroom facility and will be holding daily press briefings during the lead up to Saturn Orbit Insertion, the event itself and the first results to come through.
		Saturn Orbit Insertion (SOI) is a critical manoeuvre for the spacecraft.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-06/potn-cts062804.php (217 words)

	Venus Express Orbit Insertion: Special Coverage from The Planetary Society Weblog - Planetary News \| The Planetary ...
		At the Venus Express orbit insertion event held at the European Space Operations Centre in Darmstadt, Germany, ESA shows off a few dozen of the artworks submitted to the Venus Express Art Contest.
		All of the press who are gathered to cover the Venus Express orbit insertion, as well as lots of scientists, engineers, and government ministers, will be seeing these artworks tomorrow, and hopefully they will be able to leave the displays up for some time.
		Svedhem: "One reason is we have a very elliptical orbit and we want to have a very elliptical orbit where we are very close to one hemisphere to do detailed studies of features in atmosphere and on the surface.
	planetary.org /news/2006/0414_Venus_Express_Orbit_Insertion_Special.html (4477 words)

	2020 Hindsight » Mars orbit insertion coverage tomorrow on NASA-TV
		2020 Hindsight » Mars orbit insertion coverage tomorrow on NASA-TV 2020 Hindsight
		Tomorrow is the Mars Orbit Insertion for the Mars Reconnaisance Orbiter.
		(Orbit Insertion: when a spacecraft goes from heading toward a planet to making whatever maneuvers necessary to now orbit the planet).
	www.2020hindsight.org /2006/03/09/mars-orbit-insertion-coverage-tomorrow-on-nasa-tv (216 words)

	Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Nears Risky Orbital Insertion
		NASA has only a 65 percent success rate with Mars Orbit Insertion (MOI), according to the agency.
		Over the next seven months, it will carefully dip into the planet's atmosphere hundreds of times to slow itself down and lower its orbit into a nearly circular two-hour loop suitable for science observations.
		At that point NASA may consider using leftover fuel on MRO to raise its orbit to an altitude more conducive to communications relay.
	www.aviationnow.com /avnow/news/channel_aerospacedaily_story.jsp?id=news/MARS02276.xml (453 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| 2001 Mars Odyssey \| Odyssey enters orbit
		That was the message from NASA Administrator Dan Goldin at the late-night press conference to confirm the 2001 Mars Odyssey craft had successfully entered orbit around the Red Planet, a triumph for the space agency that had lost its two previous Mars probes.
		With Tuesday night's 20-minute engine firing to enter a 19-hour long, highly-elliptical orbit around Mars completed, the challenging task of refining the orbit to the desired science altitude begins.
		The orbit insertion maneuver saw the spacecraft's main engine fire to slow Odyssey's speed, allowing it to be captured by Mars' gravity into the egg-shaped orbit.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /mars/odyssey/011024moi.html (945 words)

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