Orbit of the Moon - Factbites

Orbit of the Moon - Factbites
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Topic: Orbit of the Moon

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In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

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Match Play

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Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Casper Planetarium Moon's synchronous orbit.
		Since the Earth's rotation is slightly faster than the Moon's orbit, the Earth's rotation carries this bulge slightly ahead of the point directly beneath the Moon but this creates a drag which slows the Earth's rotation thus allowing the Moon to drift farther away.
		As the Moon orbits the Earth, its gravitational attraction creates a bulge on the Earth's surface (tides).
		The Moon isn't the only object in the solar system which has a synchronous orbit.
	ncsdweb.ncsd.k12.wy.us /planetarium/synchronous.html (165 words)

	Chapter 13: Jupiter
		PASADENA, Calif., May 28, 2002 (AScribe Newswire) -- The final images are in, and the resulting portrait of Jupiter's moon Io, after a challenging series of observations by NASA's Galileo spacecraft, is a peppery world of even more plentiful and diverse volcanoes than scientists imagined before Galileo began orbiting Jupiter in 1995.
		Cassini will begin orbiting Saturn July 1, 2004, and will release its piggybacked Huygens probe about six months later for descent through the atmosphere of the moon Titan.
		Orbits of the new satellites were fitted by both Robert Jacobson at the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory and Brian Marsden at the Minor Planet Center.
	www.williams.edu /Astronomy/jay/chapter13_etu6.html (165 words)

	The Nine Planets Glossary
		the inclination of a planet's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the ecliptic; the inclination of a moon's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the plane of its primary's equator.
		The average period of revolution of the moon around the earth in reference to a fixed star, equal to 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes in units of mean solar time.
		Dutch-born American astronomer best known for his study of the surface of the Moon; discovered Miranda and Nereid, found an atmosphere on Titan.
	www.nineplanets.org /help.html (4842 words)

	ESA - Mars Express - Light and shadow on the surface of Mars
		Phobos is the larger of the two Martian moons, 27 kilometres by 22 kilometres in size, and travels around Mars in an almost circular orbit at an altitude of about 6000 kilometres.
		With the help of the improved orbit determination — the moon has advanced about 12 kilometres with respect to its previously predicted position along its orbit — it was possible to calculate those precise times when the shadow observations could be made.
		Members of the HRSC Science Team recalculated the orbit of Phobos on the basis of images taken in 2004.
	www.esa.int /SPECIALS/Mars_Express/SEMG35MVGJE_0.html (622 words)

	The Nine Planets Glossary
		the inclination of a planet's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the ecliptic; the inclination of a moon's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the plane of its primary's equator.
		where p' is the density of the planet, p is the density of the moon, and R is the radius of the planet.
		The average period of revolution of the moon around the earth in reference to a fixed star, equal to 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes in units of mean solar time.
	www.nineplanets.org /help.html (4842 words)

	EARTH-MOON DYNAMICS PAGE
		However, it is safe to assume that when the proto-Earth/Moon became a dual planetary system the early Moon rapidly orbited the Earth at about the time of their formation.
		The effect of the spiralling gravity is to maintain natural satellites in their orbits as is evidenced by the prograde satellites throughout the outer reaches of the solar system.
		This means that as the Moon began to orbit the Earth, it orbited extremely rapidly, since its speed equates with its orbital speed today.
	homepage.ntlworld.com /trevor_green (4842 words)

	The Nine Planets Glossary
		the inclination of a planet's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the ecliptic; the inclination of a moon's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the plane of its primary's equator.
		The average period of revolution of the moon around the earth in reference to a fixed star, equal to 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes in units of mean solar time.
		Dutch-born American astronomer best known for his study of the surface of the Moon; discovered Miranda and Nereid, found an atmosphere on Titan.
	www.nineplanets.org /help.html (4842 words)

	The Nine Planets Glossary
		the inclination of a planet's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the ecliptic; the inclination of a moon's orbit is the angle between the plane of its orbit and the plane of its primary's equator.
		The average period of revolution of the moon around the earth in reference to a fixed star, equal to 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes in units of mean solar time.
		where p' is the density of the planet, p is the density of the moon, and R is the radius of the planet.
	www.nineplanets.org /help.html (4842 words)

	Spacecraft operations Portal - Home - SMART-1 captured into lunar orbit
		The lower orbit is possible, at least in part, due to the better-than-planned operation of the EP engine while the craft was approaching the Moon.
		Capture occurred after SMART-1's solar-electric propulsion system was fired to start slowing the craft into its planned nominal Moon orbit.
		The challenge facing the control team now is using the EP engine to slow the craft and transition from its capture point and initial orbit, ranging between approximately 5500 and 50 000 kilometres, into the much lower, elliptical, operational orbit, which will range from 300 to 3000 kilometres above the Moon.
	www.esa.int /spacecraftops/ESOC-Article-fullArticle_par-40_1096469820739.html (4842 words)

	Triton
		retrograde orbits are Jupiter's moons Ananke, Carme, Pasiphae and Sinope and Saturn's Phoebe all of which are less than 1/10 the diameter of Triton.
		A capture scenario could account not only for Triton's orbit but also for the unusual orbit of Nereid and provide the energy needed to melt and differentiate Triton's interior.
		It is the only large moon to orbit "backwards", the only other moons with
	www.nineplanets.org /triton.html (729 words)

	Molniya 8K78M
		The spacecraft instrumentation was similar to that of Luna 10 and provided data for studies of the interaction of the earth and lunar masses, the lunar gravitational field, the propagation and stability of radio communications to the spacecraft at different orbital positions, solar charged particles and cosmic rays, and the motion of the Moon.
		Luna 12 was launched towards the Moon from an earth-orbiting platform and achieved a lunar orbit of of 100 km x 1740 km on October 25, 1966.
		FAILURE: During unpowered coast in parking orbit the escape stage Block L lost stable attitude due to a loss of the the power circuit of the pneumatic valves of the attitude control and stabilisation system.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/mol8k78m.htm (729 words)

	SMART-1 approach to lunar polar orbit
		The continued gravitational effect of the Moon raised the orbit until lunar capture on Nov 15.
		The probe reached perilune on Nov 15 at 1748 UTC and entered a 4962 x 51477 km orbit around the Moon inclined at 81 degrees to the lunar equator.
		On Nov 11 the spacecraft finally passed through the weak stability boundary region at the Earth-Moon L1 point, where small changes to the probe's path result in large alterations to its final orbit, and where the orbit becomes better described as Moon-centered rather than Earth-centered.
	www.svengrahn.pp.se /histind/smart/smartatmoon.html (300 words)

	chapter 24
		The retrograde lunar capture orbit contracts due to tidal dissipation until resonance between the lunar orbital period and the spin period of the Earth locks the Moon in a slowly expanding orbit.
		In the latter case it is possible that such material, distributed in the Earth's orbit, caused collisional perturbation of the Moon's precapture orbit, thereby contributing to the capture of the Moon (Kaula and Harris, 1973; Kaula, 1974; Wood and Mittler, 1974; Opik, 1972).
		Subsonic relative velocities, which appear necessary to prevent net loss from the impact crater (Urey and MacDonald, 1971), could thus be achieved both between the Moon and its planetesimals during accretion and between the Moon and normal Earth satellites during the contraction of the capture orbit.
	history.nasa.gov /SP-345/ch24.htm (300 words)

	Robot Planetary Explorers
		Scientific investigation of the moon and circumlunar space from the orbit of an artificial satellite of the Moon, which was begun by the Luna 19 automatic station.
		Luna 12 was launched towards the Moon from an earth-orbiting platform and achieved a lunar orbit of of 100 km x 1740 km on October 25, 1966.
		During the spacecraft's stay in the final close-in orbit, the gravitational fields of the earth and the moon were expected to influence the orbital elements.
	www.astronautix.com /articles/roborers.htm (300 words)

	Triton (moon) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Moons in retrograde orbits cannot form out of the same region of the solar nebula as the planets they orbit, but must be captured from elsewhere; it is thought that Triton may be a captured Kuiper belt object.
		Triton is unique among all large moons in the solar system for its retrograde orbit around the planet (i.e., it orbits in a direction opposite to the planet's rotation).
		Triton has a similar size, density, and chemical composition to that of Pluto, and upon verifying the eccentric orbit of Pluto that crosses the orbit of Neptune, we can track the origin of Triton as a similar planet captured by Neptune.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Triton_(moon) (2179 words)

	Saturn (planet) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The precise figure will never be certain as the orbiting chunks of ice in Saturn's rings are all technically moons, and it is difficult to draw a distinction between a large ring particle and a tiny moon.
		A variation of this theory is that the moon disintegrated after being struck by a large comet or
		Saturn has a large number of moons (34 are currently known or suspected), 30 of which have names.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saturn_(planet) (2179 words)

	Ecliptic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The orbital plane of the Moon is inclined by ~5°, with respect to the ecliptic.
		If the Moon crosses the ecliptic (such points of crossing are nodes) during new moon or full moon, an eclipse will occur.
		The orbits of most planets in the Solar System lie very close to it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ecliptic (2179 words)

	* Orbit - (Astrology): Definition
		This point arises due to the Moon's path around the ecliptic forming an axis of the perigee when the moon's orbit is closest to the earth and the apogee when its orbit is furthest from the earth...
		A transit aspect occurs whenever a planet, moving in orbit, forms a sensitive angle with one of the planets, the Sun or the Moon in your natal horoscope...
		Ecliptic The orbit of the Sun and all the planets around the Earth: the celestial circle that the Sun, as seen from the Earth, seems to follow within the span of a year...
	en.mimi.hu /astrology/orbit.html (2179 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search View - Saturn
		Surrounding the Saturnian satellite Titan and Titan's orbit, and extending to the orbit of Saturn's moon Rhea, is an enormous doughnut-shaped cloud of neutral hydrogen atoms.
		A disk of plasma, composed of hydrogen and possibly oxygen ions, extends from outside the orbit of the moon Tethys almost to the orbit of Titan.
		The surfaces of the five moons are heavily cratered by meteorite impacts.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761556443__1/Saturn_(planet).html (2012 words)

	Triton (moon)
		Moons in retrograde orbit cannot form out of the same region of the solar nebula as the planets they orbit, they must be captured from elsewhere; it is thought that Triton may be a captured Kuiper belt object.
		Jupiter's moons Ananke, Carme, Pasiphaë and Sinope and Saturn's moon Phoebe also orbit retrograde, but all of them have less than 10% of the diameter of Triton.
		Triton is unique among all large moons in the solar system for its retrograde orbit around the planet (i.e., it orbits in a direction opposite to the planet's rotation).
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/triton__moon_ (787 words)

	* Nereid - (Astronomy): Definition
		Nereid's orbit is the most highly of any planet or satellite in the solar system; its distance from Neptune varies from 1,353,600 to 9,623,700 kilometers.
		It is the smaller of Neptune's 2 larger moons.
		Nereid, discovered in 1949, has a diameter of about 210 mi (338 km), is very faint, and has a highly elliptic orbit; astronomers consider that it may be of asteroid origin.
	www.mimihu.com /astronomy/nereid.html (636 words)

	What is escape velocity?
		Escape velocity is the speed that an object needs to be traveling to break free of a planet or moon's gravity well and enter orbit.
		Since escape velocity depends on the mass of the planet or moon that a spacecraft is blasting off of, a spacecraft leaving the moon's surface could go slower than one blasting off of the Earth, because the moon has less gravity than the Earth.
		For example, a spacecraft leaving the surface of Earth needs to be going 7 miles per second, or nearly 25,000 miles per hour to enter orbit.
	www.qrg.northwestern.edu /projects/vss/docs/space-environment/2-whats-escape-velocity.html (636 words)

	holes.txt
		Earth itself is in its mean of orbit and shifted outward to the Moon's mean of orbit to be slightly closer to Saturn.
		It officially means the equatorial radii of the Earth vrs the polar radius for the Earth, and similarly for the Moon, and for all planets.
		The meaning to this remark is that the Moon orbit might not need to be precisely the same measure (an immutable physical constant) for all possible eclipse occurrances.
	www.cosmicastronomy.com /holes.txt (636 words)

	NASA's Solar System Exploration: Planets: Jupiter: Moons: Metis
		Orbiting inside the orbit of Io, which is the innermost of the four largest moons of Jupiter (called the Galilean moons), are four smaller moons.
		However, the two closest moons, Metis and Adrastea, orbit inside what is called the synchronous orbit radius of Jupiter.
		Metis and Adrastea also orbit inside Jupiter's main ring and are undoubtedly the source of the material in the ring.
	sse.jpl.nasa.gov /planets/profile.cfm?Object=Jup_Metis (425 words)

	Earth had two moons - Bad Astronomy and Universe Today Forum
		I'm not sure that size is a huge factor, the larger the old moon the greater the likelihood that during the failing orbit it would drag earth into a game of "ring around the rosie" which would lessen the speed and angle at which the two bodies collided.
		The additional gravitional pull of the present moon in a closer orbit slowly eroded the orbit of the older moon.
		The newly formed/present moon settled in an orbit inside the older moon.
	www.bautforum.com /showthread.php?t=27196 (694 words)

	Lilith - the Dark Moon - Advanced Astrology Articles - Understanding Astrology - Astrodienst
		One must distinguish between the mean orbit of the Moon, which is a slowly elongating ellipse, and the actual orbit, which vaccilates around the mean path, due to interference of various kinds.
		The Dark Moon has also been defined as the apogee of the Moon's orbit, or that point in the orbit farthest from the Earth.
		This is a slightly simplified definition, since, actually, the Moon and the Earth both move around their common centre of gravity, and the path of the Moon is not a neat ellipse, but a rather wobbly affair.
	www.astro.com /astrology/in_lilith_e.htm (807 words)

	Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727)
		The moon's orbit relative to the earth is nearly a circle; and as a rough approximation, taking it to be so, he knew the distance of the moon, and therefore the length of its path; he also knew that time the moon took to go once round it, namely, a month.
		This led Newton to repeat, with Picard's data, his calculations of 1666 on the lunar orbit, and he thus verified his supposition that gravity extended as far as the moon and varied inversely as the square of the distance.
		This book is given up to the consideration of the motion of particles or bodies in free space either in known orbits, or under the action of known forces, or under their mutual attraction; and in particular to indicating how the effects of disturbing forces may be calculated.
	www.maths.tcd.ie /pub/HistMath/People/Newton/RouseBall/RB_Newton.html (8709 words)

	Epimetheus (moon) -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		Epimetheus occupies essentially the same orbit as the moon ((Roman mythology) the Roman god of doorways and passages; is depicted with two faces on opposite sides of his head) Janus.
		However, at the time, it was believed that there was only one moon, unofficially known as "Janus", in the given orbit.
		But as the inner moon catches up with the outer moon their mutual gravitational attraction boosts the inner moon's momentum and raises its orbit, causing it to slow down.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/E/Ep/Epimetheus_(moon).htm (1022 words)

	The Path of the Sun, the Ecliptic
		The moon's orbit cuts the ecliptic at a shallow angle, around 5 degrees, which means that on the celestial sphere the Moon, too, follows a path through the zodiac.
		Planets seen in the sky are always near the ecliptic, which means that their orbits are never too far from the plane of the ecliptic.
		Since the Sun and Earth are in the plane of the ecliptic, the line is automatically in that plane too; if the moon is also on the same line, it must be in the plane of the ecliptic as well.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /stargaze/Secliptc.htm (1022 words)

	Hermit Eclipse: Science: Eclipse Cycles
		The plane of the Moon's orbit is shown as the tilted red and yellow checkerboard (in reality, it's only tilted by about 5 degrees), with the Earth being the blue and white ball in its centre.
		So, an eclipse can only occur when the Moon is in (or near) the ecliptic; and that means that it has to be at, or near, one of the two nodes, and that node has to be positioned in line with the Earth and the Sun.
		As the whole Earth-Moon system orbits around the Sun every year, the two nodes will find themselves aligned with the Earth and Sun (one in between, and one "behind" the Earth) twice a year; this means that there are two times each year when we can get an eclipse.
	www.hermit.org /Eclipse/why_cycles.html (1022 words)

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Topic: Orbit of the Moon

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In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)