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Topic: Orbital Space Plane

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	Orbital Space Plane -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Orbital Space Plane was also designed to provide safe, affordable access to the (additional info and facts about International Space Station) International Space Station, as a replacement for the aging Shuttle.
		Top level requirements for the Orbital Space Plane and its related systems were approved in February 2003.
		The CEV program emerged from the initial OSP proposals, which had been based on four groups of concepts are being considered for the physical design of the space plane itself - or the vehicle architecture: a capsule, a lifting body, a sharp body with wings and a blunt body with wings.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/or/orbital_space_plane.htm (370 words)

	Atomic orbital (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		An atomic orbital is the description of the behavior of an electron in an atom according to quantum mechanics.
		An atomic orbital is uniquely identified by the values of the three quantum numbers, and each set of the three quantum numbers corresponds to exactly one orbital, but the quantum numbers only occur in certain combinations of values.
		In atoms with a single electron (essentially hydrogen), the energy of an orbital (and, consequently, of any electrons in the orbital) is determined exclusively by.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Atomic_orbital (1618 words)

	Orbital Space Plane
		The Orbital Space Plane was designed to provide a crew transfer capability, as early as possible, to ensure access to and from the International Space Station while the Next Generation Launch Technology Program funds developments in areas such as propulsion, structures, and operations for the next generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV).
		The OSP was a crucial component of the new ISTP as it focused on the development of a crew transport vehicle.
		Four groups of concepts were considered for the physical design of the space plane itself - or the vehicle architecture: a capsule, a lifting body, a sharp body with wings and a blunt body with wings.
	www.globalsecurity.org /space/systems/osp.htm (1274 words)

	Space Shuttle Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Space Shuttle consists of three main components: the reusable Orbiter itself, a large, brown, expendable external fuel tank, and a pair of white, reusable solid-fuel booster rockets.
		This paperwork results from the fact that, unlike current expendable launch vehicles, the Space Shuttle is manned and has no escape systems mode for most of the flight regime, and therefore any accident which would result in the loss of a booster would also result in the loss of the crew.
		Another consideration for future manned space flight is to pursue the construction and operation of "space planes", which could fly up to the edge of the atmosphere and then rocket out into Earth orbit, thereby being more efficient and versatile than such vehicles as the space shuttle.
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Space_shuttle (5898 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Criteria for Orbital Space Plane begins to take shape
		Under the new Integrated Space Transportation Plan released and amended last November, the shuttle fleet is expected to possibly fly through about 2020, with the OSP vehicle becoming available in about 2010.
		A set of safety guidelines are also set in the document, requiring the OSP to have a lower risk of loss of crew that the space shuttle or Soyuz spacecraft for transport and rescue roles, respectively.
		Adding the OSP into the manifest of either launcher after 2010 would bring that company not just the prestige of launching manned spacecraft, but also a list of modifications both in the rocket itself and ground infrastructure.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0302/18osp (1399 words)

	Space Suits
		To explore and work in space, human beings must take their environment with them because there is no atmospheric pressure and no oxygen to sustain life.
		Early US space suits were adapted from pressure suits designed for pilots of high altitude military and experimental aircraft.
		The space sled approach was dropped in preference to the shuttle manned maneuvering unit.
	www.astronautix.com /craftfam/spasuits.htm (5943 words)

	News: Orbital Space Plane--Commuting To Space (June 17, 2003)
		Initial requirements for the Orbital Space Plane were recently approved by the Agency and distributed to industry.
		By at least 2012, the OSP would be able to carry the crew both to and from the ISS, launching on a nonreusable rocket.
		In the future, the Space Plane could even be launched on a reusable booster that has not been designed yet.
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /news/2003/news-OSP.asp (1075 words)

	Jeffco firm gears up for space plane;
		Lockheed Martin's space systems division, based in Jefferson County's Waterton Canyon area, is on the short list of contractors bidding on the project to create a smaller spacecraft that would serve as a "lifeboat" for astronauts on the international space station.
		The orbital space plane would be about half the size of a space shuttle, which is 184 feet long.
		The orbital space plane project is far less technologically ambitious than Lockheed's initial stab at a replacement for the shuttle in the mid-1990s.
	www.globalsecurity.org /org/news/2003/030217-osp01.htm (888 words)

	USATODAY.com - Space plane, set for '08 flight, has few getting on board (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		What makes the fate of the space plane all the more important is uneasiness about the shuttle.
		The space plane is a vehicle without a face.
		The space plane is "both shortsighted and wasteful," says Rep. Nick Lampson, D-Texas, whose district includes NASA's Johnson Space Center.
	www.usatoday.com /news/nation/2003-06-29-spaceplane-usat_x.htm (961 words)

	Orbital Space Plane (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Today, Orbital is a vital member of the Lockheed Martin-led team that is pursuing the full-scale development, testing and production of the Orbital Space Plane (OSP) program.
		OSP will support the International Space Station requirements for crew rescue, crew transport and delivery of cargo such as supplies, food and other needed equipment.
		It was during these studies that Orbital first proposed launching a new spaceflight vehicle aboard an Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle (EELV), such as an Atlas V or Delta IV rocket, a concept that now serves as the baseline for the OSP program.
	www.orbital.com /AdvancedSpace/SpacePlane (235 words)

	SPACE.com -- NASA to Accelerate Orbital Space Plane Schedule
		Orbital Sciences Corporation and Northrop Grumman are teamed to address NASA needs for an Orbital Space Plane.
		The company is one of three contractor teams developing proposals for the OSP which includes the spacecraft, ground operations and all supporting technologies needed to conduct missions to and from the International Space Station.
		Astrosociology is the study of astrosocial phenomena (social/cultural patterns related to space), a multidisciplinary field open to all scientists and engineers interested in "space and society" issues.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/osp_okeefe_030715.html (580 words)

	Boeing Launches Orbital Space Plane Design
		Boeing was awarded a $45 million contract modification on the NASA Space Launch Initiative program for work on the space plane.
		The Orbital Space Plane will be a multipurpose spacecraft that can perform crew rescue vehicle and crew transfer vehicle missions for the space station.
		OSP also draws upon research conducted with the X-37 built by Phantom Works, the research and development unit of Boeing.
	www.boeing.com /news/releases/2003/q2/nr_030418s.html (481 words)

	Universe Today - Orbital Joins Space Plane Consortium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Orbital Space Plane system will provide a crew rescue capability for the International Space Station by 2008 and two-way crew transfer capability by 2012.
		Orbital also offers space-related technical services to government agencies and develops and builds satellite-based transportation management systems for public transit agencies and private vehicle fleet operators.
		Space Systems Company designs, develops, tests and manufactures a variety of advanced technology systems for space and defense.
	www.universetoday.com /am/publish/printer_orbital_space_plane_consortium.html (505 words)

	spacetoday.net: NASA issues requirements for Orbital Space Plane
		NASA released Tuesday the "top-level" requirements for its proposed Orbital Space Plane (OSP) vehicle, a spacecraft that would supplement the space shuttle and serve as a crew return vehicle for the space station.
		The Level 1 requirements specify that the OSP must be able to serve as a crew return vehicle for the station, capable of carrying at least four people, by 2010.
		NASA envisions that the OSP would operate until at least 2020, at which time it and the shuttle would be retired in favor of a future full-fledged reusable launch vehicle.
	www.spacetoday.net /Summary/1511 (345 words)

	Space Today Online - NASA's Space Plane
		A space plane also could remain in a station dock as standby lifeboat for emergency evacuation of astronauts.
		With both a space plane and a Soyuz capsule docked at the station, seven astronauts living aboard the ISS could leave safely in an emergency.
		Also, the space plane itself might have seven recumbent seats to minimize the effects of reentry acceleration on the bodies of the returning astronauts.
	www.spacetoday.org /SpcShtls/SpacePlane.html (389 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Science/Nature \| Progress on space station 'lifeboat'
		The US space agency (Nasa) is to accelerate the development of a replacement for the space shuttle and produce a "lifeboat" for the International Space Station (ISS).
		One plan that could be feasible in the short term calls for a basic return-to-Earth-only rescue capsule, which could be delivered empty to the ISS in a few years' time by a heavy-lift version of the forthcoming Delta IV rocket.
		Nasa will now refocus its SLI to address the ISS rescue problem as well as providing a new space shuttle, an orbital space plane, and a new way to launch them, as soon as is practicable.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/science/nature/2453603.stm (550 words)

	Lockheed Martin Opens Orbital Space Plane Demonstration Center in Washington, D.C. - collectSPACE: Messages
		Lockheed Martin is teamed with Northrop Grumman and Orbital Sciences Corp. to compete for the Orbital Space Plane (OSP).
		The OSP system will provide a crew rescue capability for the International Space Station by 2008 and two-way crew transfer capability no later than 2012.
		The OSP will be compatible with both of the United States' Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle systems, Atlas V and Delta IV.
	www.collectspace.com /ubb/Forum23/HTML/000834.html (566 words)

	CNN.com - Congressmen want NASA to ax space plane - Oct. 28, 2003
		Two leading members of the House Science Committee are urging NASA to defer its developing space plane program because of concerns about cost and the potential benefit of the craft.
		NASA hopes to have the so-called Orbital Space Plane launched to the international space station by 2008, to serve at least initially as a lifeboat.
		The space plane would be launched by unmanned rockets; NASA has yet to settle on a design.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/space/10/28/nasa.plane.ap (342 words)

	Boehlert and Hall Urge O'Keefe to "Defer the Current" Orbital Space Plane Program \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		The recent creation of an inter-agency space policy group in the White House is testimony to the fact that the Nation has made no decision on the outline of its human space flight agenda.
		Thus the credibility of the accelerated OSP program plan and cost estimate, formulated prior to decisions on the design of the OSP and in the absence of any cost estimates for NASA's other planned space transportation initiatives, also must be considered questionable.
		The OSP program will not be successful on its current track We urge you to defer the current program until the inter-agency space review is completed, approved by the President, and thoroughly vetted with the Congress.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewpr.html?pid=12876 (577 words)

	NASA Sets Initial Requirements for Orbital Space Plane System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The space plane might not look like a traditional plane at all, but more like an earlier generation of capsulelike craft that were launched by expendable booster rockets in the Gemini, Mercury and Apollo programs.
		At best, NASA sees the Orbital Space Plane as an interim solution for supplying crews to the space station while it develops a more advanced ship that would be launched more like an ordinary plane and would be able to draw oxygen from the atmosphere instead of using heavy tanks of liquid oxygen.
		Tumlinson said the space plane would supplement a shuttle program that he called basically an "expensive government trucking service" that could be handled by the private sector.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/news/846349/posts (5190 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Americas \| Nasa plans shuttle successor
		The safety of manned space missions has been in the spotlight following the loss of the space shuttle Columbia, which broke up on re-entry on 1 February killing its crew of seven.
		The new OSP will be launched using a rocket, and much like the current shuttle series, land like a plane upon its return to earth.
		The craft will be cheaper and easier to prepare than the current space shuttle, which takes a minimum of three to four months to ready for launch.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/americas/2785443.stm (546 words)

	SPACE.com -- NASA's New Challenge: Space Plane Plan Will Test Limits of Agency's Budget
		Nonetheless, the vehicle itself is only one piece of a complex puzzle that NASA and the nation's space contractors must put together during the next eight years to turn their impressive slide shows into three or four flight-proven space ships.
		With those requirements in hand, NASA and its contractors plan to demonstrate and prove technologies needed for the plane by about 2006: approach and landing, autonomous rendezvous in space, re-entry into the atmosphere and, most important, a failsafe escape system that would save the crew from dying in a launch disaster.
		The reason, according to Rothschild and his counterpart at competitor Lockheed Martin, is the space plane is based largely on existing technology or technology that already is very close to being tested.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/ft_spaceplane_budget_021223.html (1932 words)

	The Space Review: Orbital Space Plane: Back to Apollo? (page 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		When NASA first announced plans to develop the Orbital Space Plane (OSP) last year, most people assumed it would be exactly that: a winged, reusable vehicle—in essence a mini-shuttle—that could serve as both a crew return vehicle (CRV) and crew transfer vehicle (CTV) for the International Space Station.
		Nowhere in the OSP requirements did it specify a winged vehicle, nor did it even directly require the vehicle to be reusable.
		The appearance of the report made it clear it was making the rounds of the space community: skewed pages, slightly blurred text, and the presence of indicia from two different fax machines on the top of the pages.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/19/1 (581 words)

	[FPSPACE] Orbital Space Plane
		At 11:15 PM 2/19/03 +0100, you wrote: >NASA's initial requirements for the orbital space plane...
		Why are we so besotted with LEO, there's nothing there but space junk and the constant tease of "what if" - we had looked higher and further.
		The only point of space travel is to get through it as quickly as possible to a tangible destination and is the Space Station a real destination or an evolutionary dead end?
	www.friends-partners.org /pipermail/fpspace/2003-February/007768.html (1005 words)

	Planetary Society Urges Space Plane Delay
		Both said that human space flight should only be undertaken for goals worthy of the high risk and costs associated with the endeavor.
		NASA's requirements for the Orbital Space Plane do not mention human space exploration beyond Earth orbit, citing only transportation to and from the space station (and then only in the context of rescue in an emergency).
		The Orbital Space Plane is envisioned as part of a space transportation system still dominated by the shuttle.
	www.planetary.org /html/society/press/2003/plane_delay.html (509 words)

	Orbital Thanksgiving: Special Recipes Give Space Station Crew A Taste Of Home
		Expedition 1 Launched, Enroute To Space Station (October 31, 2000) -- Early today the crew of Expedition 1 was launched toward the International Space Station aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan.
		Astronauts aboard the International Space Station are preparing for the fourth holiday season on the zero gravity research laboratory.
		Before the launch of the Space Station, when Space Shuttle flights stayed in orbit only about 18 days, the variety of food available was not as extensive.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2003/11/031125072148.htm (837 words)

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