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Topic: Orbital bombardment

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	Orbital bombardment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orbital bombardment is the act of attacking targets on a planet, moon or other such object from orbit around the object, rather than from an aircraft or a platform beyond orbit.
		The fractional orbital bombardment system was phased out in January 1983 in compliance with the SALT II treaty of 1979, which, among other things, prohibited the deployment of systems capable of placing weapons of mass destruction in orbit.
		Orbital bombardment systems occasionally feature in speculation and science fiction, and are in fact better known than their real-world counterparts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orbital_bombardment (747 words)

	Realistic BattleField Tactics and Stategies - Hull-Breach Forums (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Orbital bombardment or attacks (attacks from orbiting space craft) would only be effective to a small degree, since there would probrably be many forms of mobile Anti-Air units, and very likly, hidden Anti Orbital Sites.
		Orbital bombardment might prove difficult given the fact that most conventional arms would never reach the ground if a decent atmosphere is present.
		One could argue that orbital bombardment is too expensive to maintain for prolonged periods, and it might be both cheaper and more efficient to land a commando team to disable defences in an area to allow a larger detatchment to land.
	www.hull-breach.com /ipb/index.php?showtopic=1026&st=0 (8088 words)

	Martian War: Escalation of Resistance
		An interplanetary troop transport docked to an orbital terminal and then the terminal itself were destroyed before an early-warning satellite detected the thermal output of the laser's fusion reactor.
		Two orbital forts were disabled and another torchship damaged in the five minutes it took for the IDC to authorize use of nuclear weapons.
		Seven further orbital facilities were damaged before the station's antimissile defences were overwhelmed and fusion bombs vapourised the laser and associated habitats.
	www.theculture.org /adastra/history/MW/Esc.html (660 words)

	Fractional Orbital Bombardment System - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) was a Soviet ICBM in the 1960s that after launch would go into a low Earth orbit and would then de-orbit for an attack.
		This would allow a path to North America over the South Pole, hitting targets from the south, which is the opposite direction from which NORAD early warning systems are oriented.
		The orbital missile 8K69 was initially deployed in 1968, and the first regiment with the R-36 orbital missiles was put on alert in 1969.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/FOBS (326 words)

	Effects of Kafer War
		The colony, dependent on imports to supplement local agriculture and feed the local populace, lost approximately ten percent of the population to malnutrition and disease during the year it was cut off, as even local agriculture was reduced due to the lack of sufficient power for automated farming equipment.
		There is a strong Kafer ground force presence on the colony, as well as a disabled Delta class BB in orbit (although I suspect that many of her weapons are still active, the drive is most definitely ruined).
		Construction of a new orbital facility is vital, however, to utilize the resources being gathered on the surface.
	stalexone.tripod.com /gg2/effects.htm (1471 words)

	The Space Review: Orbital strike constellations: the future of space supremacy and national defense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Orbital bombardment systems have been discussed since the beginning of the Space Age.
		With orbital bombardment groups, the United States would have a deterrence capability that would no longer rely solely on nuclear weapons to intimidate a potential aggressor.
		Orbital bombardment constellations would reduce long-term cost by permanently being in position compared with terrestrial forces that would need to be deployed.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/628/1 (1432 words)

	R-36O / SL-X-? FOBS - Russian / Soviet Nuclear Forces
		The orbital missile carried a one- to three-megaton warhead according to Western estimates [and five megatons according to some published Russian estimates -- about the only instance in which published Russian yield estimates are higher than published Western estimates].
		The orbital missile 8K69 was initially deployed on 19 November 1968, and the first regiment with the R-36 orbital missiles was put on alert on 25 August 1969.
		The orbital missile was phased out in January 1983 in compliance with the SALT-2 treaty, which prohibited the deployment of these missiles.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/russia/icbm/r-36o.htm (705 words)

	[No title]
		Zones are laid out in orbital rings that determine their position within the system.
		* Orbital Bombardment ------------------- Unlike fire support missions, bombardment is a dedicated effort to inflict harm on a PZ as a whole.
		Bombardment uses specialized weapons of mass destruction that destroy planetary resources for indefinite periods of time.
	www.pbegames.com /downloads/conquest/CotS.txt (5495 words)

	Specialist Games Forum - Multiple Aerospace bombardments (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		We figured that since it's "One bombardment per turn." whichever player won the strategy roll for that turn and went first -- or was the first to activate a bombardment in that turn -- pushed the other player into the next turn.
		Two Space Crafts can't be over the battle field at the same turn so you should never have both sides taking an orbital bombardment.
		If you're using the Tournament rules to setup for the game, the turn a spaceship is to arrive is declared at the start of the game after objectives have been placed, in order of strategy rating.
	www.specialist-games.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1811 (1024 words)

	Jedi Counseling 88
		When trying to bombard a particular square (to attack an enemy infantry unit with anti-personnel blasts, for example), the base Defense of the square (in starship scale) is 17.
		Thus, orbital bombardment might be devastating against exposed enemy troops, but it's not particularly accurate.
		When using bombardment against a larger target (such as a building or an entire city), it's easiest to treat the target as a space station using the rules in Starships of the Galaxy.
	www.wizards.com /default.asp?x=starwars/article/sw20060504jc88 (1971 words)

	EXCLUSIVE: Directed Energy Weapons, An ATS Analysis & Discussion - single post for printer (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Area bombardment is somewhat frowned upon by the "Outer Space Treaty," Article V. It was adopted in 1966, in UN resolution 2222 (XXI).
		More recently, in 2001, a Bill was to be passed forbidding the use of all sorts of nasty orbital weapons, including psychotronic, sonic, ultra-sonic, plasma and all other sorts of weapons systems.
		Anyway, at current levels of technology, firing down through 100km of atmosphere is a bit of a pain, as you get lots of dust, diffraction, cloud cover, plus the satellite only passes over a certain area at certain times, which are predictable...
	www.abovetopsecret.com /forum/single.php?post=438072 (614 words)

	THE SOVIET FRACTIONAL ORBITAL BOMBARDMENT SYSTEM (FOBS):
		The Fractional Orbital Bombardment System (FOBS) was an orbital nuclear weapons system designed to attack the continental United States via the 'back door,' i.e.
		In a document from late 1962, the CIA states that "the Soviets have the capability to develop an orbital bombardment satellite and might decide to launch and deorbit a space weapon at an early date for propaganda or political reasons" [19].
		We have thus far acquired no evidence that the USSR plans to orbit a nuclear-armed satellite in the near term, or that a program to establish an orbital bombardment capability is at present seriously contemplated by the Soviet leadership.
	home.earthlink.net /~cliched/space/spacecraft/fobs/fobs.html (3143 words)

	Orbital bombardment - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Orbital bombardment is the act of attacking a planet, moon or other such object from orbit.
		Mass drivers have been presented in several science fiction works as being particularly well-suited to the task of engaging in orbital bombardment.
		An effective orbital bombardment, if it is possible to engage in one, is regarded in science fiction as one of the most devastating forms of attack.
	education.music.us /O/Orbital-bombardment.htm (420 words)

	The Space Review: The problems of orbital strike constellations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Christopher Stone, in his recent essay (“Orbital strike constellations: the future of space supremacy and national defense”, The Space Review, Tuesday, May 30), illustrates the importance of understanding the technical issues related to space weapons.
		While there may be some truth to this, even more compelling are the technical problems, as we show in some detail in our report “The Physics of Space Security”.
		The long distances and high orbital velocities characteristic of satellites make space-basing a poor choice for missions which require transferring mass back and forth to Earth, especially if it needs to be done rapidly.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/638/1 (661 words)

	Codex Unforgiven (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The walls begin to shake more vigorously with each strike of the orbital bombardment cannons but the 'intruders' stand still and firm.
		The sound of the standard fluttering from the pressure waves from the bombardment is the only noise save that of the bombardment itself.
		How he survived the massive bombardment or the forces unleashed by the mighty combat he could not comprehend.
	fortressofunforgiven.homestead.com /CH06_04Lib_003_A.html (1624 words)

	Star Wars: Blogs \| Avatar of the Divine \| An Analysis of the Imperial Fleet
		Orbital bombardment using concussion missile salvos is a possibility, although collateral damage would be significantly higher than turbolaser bombardment.
		Since the VSD is also atmosphere-capable, orbital bombardment via turbolaser salvo is also an option.
		For precision assaults, a high number of energy weapons are more effective than a bombardment of concussion missiles would be.
	blogs.starwars.com /kaelis/5 (1425 words)

	ICG Spaces - community weblog - Fractional orbital bombardment systems then and now
		of a fractional orbit bombardment system was a shorter time of visibility to defense sensors in the target area because the orbital portion of its trajectory (around 160 km) was lower than that of a ballistic missile’s trajectory (which would normally reach a peak altitude of about 1,300 km)...
		Fractional orbit bombardment weapons could also approach their intended targets from any direction, even from the south, making them invisible to the U.S. early warning sensors of the time.
		The standard warhead yield was 5 MT with a CEP of 1 KM.
	spaces.icgpartners.com /index2.asp?NGuid=30CBBB9FC164491A9581D9AEB740DBE5 (884 words)

	SWRPGNetwork - SGS-312 "Orbiter-12" Orbital Bombardment Satellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The SGS-312 "Orbiter-12" OrbSat Type 12 is designed for orbital bombardment against ground-based enemy forces, structures, and vehicles.
		It has an array of eight special orbit-to-ground proton torpedo launchers, which are fixed in one direction (towards the surface) and can't be used against other orbital craft (unless they lie in the fire arc of the weapon).
		With five torpedoes per launcher, the satellites 40 torpedoes are more than adequate for heavy orbital bombardment.
	www.swrpgnetwork.com /entry.php?id=58 (502 words)

	Ares Conventions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Controlled nuclear attacks in space against military targets are prohibited unless they occur at a minimum distance of 75,000 kilometers from the surface of any inhabited world in a star system.
		The use of orbital assets to bombard stationary targets (as defined in Appendix B) on a planetary surface, with the single exception of a valid military objective whose destruction the attacker deems necessary to ensure the survival of his own troops, is prohibited.
		In no case may any orbital attack take place in or near any heavily populated area, and any orbital attack is subject to ex post facto review by a duly appointed council from the signatory states.
	ppc.warhawkenterprises.com /theclans/ares.html (438 words)

	A Planet Too Far - Chapter One
		Once the orbital platforms are launched, we will have total sensor coverage of four front-line sectors.
		"The orbital sensor platforms normally compensate for the planet's orientation and rotation, allowing full globular coverage of the region, but we believe there is a gap in the coverage.
		Orbital bombardment would take some time to break though them.
	www.bettnet.com /startrek/planettoofar/chapterone.html (2480 words)

	Relic Forums - Exploit Force Commander (OB)
		The Orbital Bombardment will be ready to use immediately, again.
		Fix: The Orbital Bombardment should be on a global timer of when it was last used...
		In the late game at which you get an FC, his cost is not really a big issue compared to the damage orbital bombardment can do.
	forums.relicnews.com /showthread.php?t=47483 (340 words)

	OGCh
		The OGCh was the only orbiting military nuclear weapon ever deployed, although in order to remain legal under international treaties it was a 'fractional orbital' weapon.
		Although American infrared early warning satellites invalidated the 'surprise attack' component of the concept, 18 missiles were operational from 1969 to 1983.
		Under SALT-2 12 of these silos were demolished, the remaining six being retained for launch of R-36M's converted to orbital launch vehicle use.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/ogch.htm (1466 words)

	Relic Forums - Idea for Hero's
		Not really, you can abuse special abilities with any hero, it's just that orbital bombardment overshadows the other abilities for obvious reasons.
		Orbital Strike is NOT the Space Marines relic unit, therefore nothing should happen to balance this change out with other races Relic Units.
		To be honest I don't think the sorceror is over powered or anything like that, but he's excellent value for money and highly underestimated by both chaos players and their enemies.
	forums.relicnews.com /showthread.php?t=58347 (1080 words)

	GR-1 / SCRAG - Russian / Soviet Nuclear Forces
		The GR-1 (8K713) Fractional Orbital Bombardment System [FOBS] intended to overcome the ABM-system that the USA was about to deploy in order to protect selective ICBM deployment sites from a Soviet nuclear strike.
		The GR-1 orbital missile was supposed to be capable of placing a warhead in a low earth orbit of 150 km, braking during its trajectory and targeting the warhead on the earth surface.
		The three-stage liquid cryogenic propellant missile had a launch weight of 117 tons and carried a single warhead with a yield of 2.2 MT. Since the R-9A was reaching the end of their service, it was planned that the GR-1 missile would use the same launching sites as the R-9A missile.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/russia/icbm/gr-1.htm (424 words)

	Docs 133-149
		Such a move would be more likely if the Soviets were already committed to the eventual establishment of an orbital bombardment force, or if convinced that the US was so committed.
		For these reasons, a firm estimate as to whether the Soviets will deploy an advanced orbital bombardment system within the 1965-1970 period cannot be made at this time.
		In any case, developmental testing of an orbital bombardment system should be observable to us at least a year or two prior to attainment of an accurate, reliable system.
	www.state.gov /r/pa/ho/frus/kennedyjf/viii/33843.htm (7984 words)

	R-36 \| 8K67 \| SS-9 \| Scarp
		It was conceived concurrently with the Titan-2 ICBM in the United States.
		The latter became a base for the Fractional Orbital Bombardment System, or FOBS, where the warhead and the upper stage of the ICBM would actually enter the orbit around the Earth on its way to the target.
		The propulsion section of the orbital warhead of the R-36-O missile.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /r36.html (275 words)

	Specialist Games Forum - Orbital Bombardment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		64 "Orbital Beacon" says: "Any spacecraft firing an orbital bombardment may fire without scattering if the first template is centred on this objective".
		But in the rulebook I cannot find anything about scattering orbital bombartments at all.
		However, they may do in certain situations, in certain scenarios.
	www.specialist-games.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1358 (163 words)

	Aftermath of a Light Rain - History Group 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		After the bombardment ceased the squad heard laser fire and went to investigate.
		According to orbital survey the aliens are holding back, he also suggested that the aliens were involved is some sort of civil war, a war where the whole invasion was a chess move.
		When they got within 100 miles orbital laser started bombarding them and all though the Sleven was both large, a warship, tough, and underwater it would have been destroyed long before it reached the spire.
	www.quasisemi.com /mekton/hist2.htm (10484 words)

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