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Topic: Orbital cavity

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	IX. Neurology. 5e. The Trigeminal Nerve. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		Here it passes through the anterior ethmoidal foramen, and, entering the cavity of the cranium, traverses a shallow groove on the lateral margin of the front part of the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, and runs down, through a slit at the side of the crista galli, into the nasal cavity.
		The orbital branches (rami orbitales; ascending branches) are two or three delicate filaments, which enter the orbit by the inferior orbital fissure, and supply the periosteum.
		It enters the nasal cavity through the sphenopalatine foramen, passes across the roof of the nasal cavity below the orifice of the sphenoidal sinus to reach the septum, and then runs obliquely downward and forward between the periosteum and mucous membrane of the lower part of the septum.
	www.bartleby.com /107/200.html (5634 words)

	[No title]
		ORBITAL COMPLICATIONS OF SINUSITIS IN CHILDREN AND ADULTS -Pattern of sinus disease differs among adults and children -Developmental differences dictate pattern of sinusitis with secondary orbital involvement, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses present at birth, the maxillary sinus becomes significant by age 2, the frontal sinus appears between five and seven years of age.
		Infection of the orbit proper, diffuse edema, infiltration of the periorbita and orbital adipose tissue with bacteria and leukocytes.
		CT Scan demonstrates an increased size of the superior orbital veins bilaterally along with an increase in the size of the extraocular muscles, an expansion of the cavernous sinus with failure to opacify on contrast studies.
	www.utmb.edu /oto/Grand_Rounds_Earlier.dir/Orbital_Infections_1989.txt (3944 words)

	Concepts of Orbital Reconstruction
		The canthal attachments are extremely strong and are composite structures in which extensions of the fibrous tarsus, the orbital septum, the lateral horns of the aponeurosis of the levator palpebrae superioris and, in the medial canthus, the tendons of the various heads of the orbicularis muscle all share.
		The inferior orbital fissure is approximately 2cm long and is a bony defect between the orbital floor and the lateral wall in the posterior orbit.
		The precise location of the ocular globe in three dimensions is determined by several factors: the relative volume of the orbital cavity and that of its soft tissue contents, the configuration of the walls of the orbit, and the orientation and insertion of tendon attachments to the bony rim.
	www.bcm.edu /oto/grand/021199.htm (4772 words)

	Orbital - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An orbit (anatomy), the cavity in which the eye sits
		Orbitals (album), an alternative rock album by Acroma.
		A Culture Orbital is a fictional place from "The Culture" science fiction universe
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orbital (100 words)

	Middle cranial fossa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The middle part of the fossa presents, in front, the chiasmatic groove and tuberculum sellæ; the chiasmatic groove ends on either side at the optic foramen, which transmits the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery to the orbital cavity.
		In front is the superior orbital fissure, bounded above by the small wing, below, by the great wing, and medially, by the body of the sphenoid; it is usually completed laterally by the orbital plate of the frontal bone.
		Behind the medial end of the superior orbital fissure is the foramen rotundum, for the passage of the maxillary nerve.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Middle_cranial_fossa (674 words)

	Extra-Ocular Muscles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		The orbital cavity is conically shaped, with the apex directed posteriorly and medially.
		The orbital apex also possesses two ‘holes’: the optic canal (medially) and the superior orbital fissure (laterally) through which nerves and blood vessels are transmitted into or out of the cavity.
		The function of the Check Ligaments is to prevent retraction of the globe into the orbital cavity during eye movements.
	www.city.ac.uk /optometry/EOMlab/EOM_Laboratory.htm (1898 words)

	101. Jahrestagung der DOG, 25. - 28. 9. 2003 - Allgemeine Informationen
		Purpose: In Grave's disease a discrepancy between volume increase of the orbital soft tissues and fixed volume of the orbital cavity leads to exophthalmos.
		The orbital decompression by a lateral approach in a modified Kroenlein-technique was obtained by the removement of a bony fragment of the lateral wall and an additional resection of retrobulbar fat.
		In case of a compressive neuropathy of the optic nerve an additional medial orbital wall decompression has to be considered.
	www.dog.org /2003/abstracts/464_e.html (1101 words)

	Meronk - Orbital and Eyelid Fat Grafting FAQs
		A: Orbital fat grafting is a method for the augmentation or restoration of deficient orbital volume caused by excessive fat resection during blepharoplasty, spontaneous fat absorption associated with aging, or congenital hollowness.
		A: A patient with noticeable hollowed eyelids due to a substantial shortage of orbital fat (especially if caused by previous surgery) who is bothered enough by his or her appearance to undergo a procedure that is still new.
		Orbital pearl fat grafting is effective only for lower eyelid hollowness that is located above the rim of bone and not below it.
	www.drmeronk.com /hollowed/hollow-eyelid-ofgFAQs.html (1895 words)

	Fetal Ocular and Orbital Development in Humans
		Furthermore it was observed that in addition to the growth of the axial length of the eye the orbital depth increases and along with the growth of the equatorial diameter of the eye the orbital width increases.
		An increase in the axial length of the eye is associated with the increase of the orbital depth, while the increase in the equatorial diameter of the eye is associated with the increase in the orbital width.
		The development of the orbital cavity is related to the development of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, temporal fossa and cranial cavity.
	www.dur.ac.uk /anthropology.journal/vol12/iss2-3/tomasik2/tomasik2.html (1284 words)

	eMedicine - Orbital Fracture, Medial Wall : Article by Aftab Zafar, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Orbital emphysema is the result of a communication between the ethmoid cells and the orbital cavity.
		Therefore, orbital emphysema may occur when there is simultaneous injury of the naso-ethmoid-frontal area, a precondition of nasal obstruction, blowing of the nose after the injury, or Valsalva maneuver after injury, such as sneezing.
		Conventional radiography or routine orbital x-rays generally are not helpful because of the compact overlapping anatomy of this region and the thinness of the medial orbital wall.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/topic762.htm (4991 words)

	Emergency Medicine
		However, cavernous sinus thrombosis causes orbital symptoms bilaterally, as opposed to the unilateral symptoms caused by an orbital abscess.
		The oral cavity and oropharynx should also be examined to determine the extent of hemorrhage flowing posteriorly.
		Orbital floor fractures typically result from a blunt force directed at the globe, causing increased pressure within the orbital cavity that blows out the thin bony floor.
	www.emedmag.com /html/pre/fea/features/061505.asp (4434 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Atlas of Human Anatomy in Cross Section: Section 1. Head and Neck
		Rostral to the anterior cranial fossa (1) is the frontal air sinus (2), and caudal to the posterior ethmoid sinus (38) is the spheroid sinus (3).
		Within the orbital cavity are the medial (4) and lateral (35) rectus muscles, orbital fat (5), the sclera (36), and optic nerve (37).
		Lateral and caudal to the orbital cavity is the greater wing of the spheroid bone (34).
	www.anatomyatlases.org /HumanAnatomy/1Section/22.shtml (475 words)

	eMedicine - Globe Retraction : Article Excerpt by: Michael T Yen, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Enlargement of orbital cavity after orbital blowout fractures also may cause the globe to be retracted.
		It may be due to prolapse of orbital contents into adjacent sinuses, atrophy of orbital fat, or contracture of necrotic extraocular muscles entrapped within the fracture.
		The cause of globe retraction is cicatrization with contraction of myofibroblasts in orbital tissue.
	www.emedicine.com /oph/byname/globe-retraction.htm (626 words)

	Eye or Orbital : BC Cancer Agency
		Tumours of the orbit include the bone surrounding the orbital cavity, soft tissues and muscles that lie between the eyeball or globe and the bony cavity in which it sits.
		Orbital metastases usually present as proptosis or double vision and rarely as enophthalmos (inward pulling of the eye).
		Carcinomas of the lacrimal gland have a tendency to invade the adjacent tissues and nerves.
	www.bccancer.bc.ca /PPI/TypesofCancer/EyeorOrbital/default.htm (3045 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Traumatic encephaloceles in the orbital cavity are even rarer, with only 15 cases published to date.METHODSThe clinical, radiological, and surgical findings of 6 cases of traumatic encephalocele treated at our institution from June 1998 to January 2000 are presented.
		It demonstrated the extension of the orbital roof fractures and a possible encephalocele in 4 cases.
		Surgical treatment via a fronto-basal approach with evacuation of the contused herniated brain tissue and orbital roof reconstruction was performed.The outcome at 6 months was good recovery in five patients with one patient still in a persistent vegetative state.
	www.elsevier.com /cdweb/journals/00903019/articles/57/2/S009030190100667.abstract.en (288 words)

	Cellulitis - Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
		Orbital cellulitis is an infection that involves the eye and the eye structures within the bony cavity of the face.
		The sinuses are cavities, or air-filled pockets, that are near the nasal passage.
		Orbital cellulitis is a serious condition and must be treated promptly.
	www.chop.edu /consumer/your_child/condition_section_index.jsp?id=-8492 (539 words)

	Facial X-ray - SJMMC, Ann Arbor, Michigan MI
		The bones of the face and orbital cavity are normal in size and shape.
		Broken bones, such as the nasal bones or bones surrounding the eye (orbital cavity), may be seen.
		Signs of a disease that affects the bones of the face or orbital cavity may be seen.
	www.sjmercyhealth.org /13629.cfm (1090 words)

	Fungal and Parasitic Infections of the Eye -- Klotz et al. 13 (4): 662 -- Clinical Microbiology Reviews
		and inferior orbital fissures, the lacrimal fossa and nasolacrimal
		from the anterior ocular adnexa to the nasal cavity.
		of Paecilomyces (221) and orbital infections with Aspergillus
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/13/4/662 (9322 words)

	Eye/Orbital Tumor Program
		The Eye/Orbital Tumor Program of the Medical College of Wisconsin Eye Institute provides diagnosis and treatment of adult and pediatric patients with tumors of the eye and orbital cavity.
		The Eye/Orbital Tumor Program is an active participant in the Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study, a national cooperative group that is comparing I-125 plaque placement to enucleation in patients with medium-sized melanomas of the eye.
		Using MRI, neuroradiologists provide the expertise that is necessary to precisely define the area to be treated.
	healthlink.mcw.edu /article/913868134.html (379 words)

	Ocular Pathology Study Guide: November 2005
		The nasociliary nerve exits the orbit thru the superior orbital fissure and enters the cavernous sinus lateral to the internal carotid artery.
		Sensory Root.—The fibers of the sensory root arise from the cells of the semilunar ganglion which lies in a cavity of the dura mater near the apex of the petrous part of the temporal bone.
		One of these passes through the inferior orbital fissure and joins the pterygoid venous plexus, while the other enters the cranium through the superior orbital fissure and ends in the cavernous sinus, either by a separate opening, or more frequently in common with the superior ophthalmic vein.
	www.medrounds.org /ocular-pathology-study-guide/2005_11_01_archive.html (3233 words)

	sinusitis
		The paranasal sinuses are air-filled cavities in the face and skull bones, and they are lined by mucosa, which is similar to the mucosa lining the inside of the nasal passages and upper respiratory tract.
		The extent/intensity of the orbital infection can vary considerably, and a classification system is used to describe the extent of an orbital infection.
		The orbital septum is a sheet of connective tissue continuous with the periosteum of the orbital bones that separates the tissues of the upper eyelid from those of the orbit.
	www.jeffmann.net /NeuroGuidemaps/sinusitis.html (6514 words)

	The Cranial Nerves
		Once in the cranial cavity, the fibers terminate in a small oval structure resting on the cribriform plate called the olfactory bulb.
		With the exception of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle, which is innervated bilaterally, oculomotor neurons project primarily to orbital muscles on the same side of the head.
		From the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla, general somatic efferent fibers exit the cranial cavity through the hypoglossal canal and enter the neck in close proximity to the accessory and vagus nerves and the internal carotid artery.
	www.becomehealthynow.com /ebookprint.php?id=812 (3175 words)

	eyeOrbit - Ophthalmomyiasis externa: a brief account with photographs of an extreme case (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		With progressive putrescence, orbital tissue destruction, and blindness in the left eye accompanied by the frightening appearance of active maggots extruding from the depths of the orbital lesion, it was decided by the male members of the family that medical treatment should be sought.
		Manual removal of the maggots followed their exposure to ether soaked packs that were pressed into the depths of the orbital cavity.
		The photos were taken during a follow-up evaluation when the tissues had healed completely with a huge orbital cavity and a totally blind left eye with opacification of its cornea..
	www.eyeorbit.org /article.php?story=20051019192144663 (738 words)

	Eye Plastics Trauma: Orbital Fracture Page
		It states that the orbital rim buckles and transmits forces to the orbital walls, resulting in an orbital floor fracture..
		The "retropulsion" theory, advanced by Smith and Regan, refers to a fracture of the orbital floor caused by sudden increase in intra-orbital pressure; a fracture may result from the hydraulic forces generated in the closed orbital cavity.
		If we accept that impure fractures are the result of direct trauma to the orbital rim and resultant buckling of the floor, then we would expect similar rates of intraocular injury between pure and impure orbital fractures.
	www.eyeplastics.co.uk /topics/trauma/trauma_orbital_fracture.htm (1031 words)

	Cavernous sinus definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		The cavernous sinus is an important structure because of its location and its contents which include the third cranial (oculomotor) nerve, the fourth cranial (trochlear) nerve, parts 1 (the ophthalmic nerve) and 2 (the maxillary nerve) of the fifth cranial (trigeminal) nerve, and the sixth cranial (abducens) nerve.
		The orbital cavity is drained by paired veins called the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins.
		The superior ophthalmic vein arises at the inner angle of orbit and follows the course of ophthalmic artery into the cavernous sinus, a greatly dilated (widened) channel of venous blood.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9153 (312 words)

	The Orbit and Ear
		In most dissection laboratories, the roof of the orbit is broken away and the orbital structures are cleaned and studied.
		The rest of the orbital cavity is filled with orbital fat, muscles of the eyeball, the eyeball, the lacrimal gland, ophthalmic artery and its branches, and the ophthalmic vein and its tributaries.
		The middle ear cavity is like a small box with lateral, medial, anterior and posterior walls, a floor and a roof.
	mywebpages.comcast.net /wnor/lesson3.htm (1172 words)

	THE THROAT: Palate, tonsils, and pharangeal wall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		I)Bony boundaries: The infratemporal fossa is essentially a low pyramidal space lying between the jaw, basal cranium, pharynx, nasal cavity and orbital cavity.
		I)The oral cavity, like the nasal cavity, is lined by an ectodermal derivative, the oral mucosa.
		III)A final accesory contribution to mastication is provided by the muscles of the tongue which can push food from the interior of the oral cavity back into the dental arches for chewing while moving food back to the entrance of the oropharynx for deglutition.
	www.dent.ucla.edu /ftp/classes/2006/ITF.htm (1498 words)

	Transcaruncular approach for the management of frontoethmoid mucoceles -- Lai et al. 87 (6): 699 -- British Journal of ...
		The caruncle was divided to dissect a plane between Horner’s muscle and the medial orbital septum to expose the medial orbit, avoiding manipulation of lacrimal sac.
		Figure 5 A 58 year old man (A) with left proptosis and exotropia before operation, (B) CT scan findings showing a mucocele extending to the orbital cavity, (C) a transnasal drainage tube in position.
		Transcaruncular approach to the medial orbit and orbital apex.
	bjo.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/87/6/699 (1767 words)

	PakMediNet - View Abstract
		Primary orbital and adnexal lymphomas are Non Hodgkin`s variety and almost exclusively occur in adults with bimodal peaks at 30s & 60`s years of age.
		The mass starting from the posterior orbital cavity passed through the narrow space between the eye ball and superior orbital margin and expanded into the upper lid.
		On further exploration it was found to be coming from the upper orbital cavity and excised as far as possible deep into the cavity taking care of normal structures.
	www.pakmedinet.com /view.php?id=2795 (353 words)

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