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Topic: Orbital eccentricity

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	eccentricity is ruled out
		In the Milankovitch theory, the peak near 0.01 (100 kyr period) is attributed to eccentricity, the peak near 0.024 (41 kyr period) to obliquity, and the peak near 0.043 (23 kyr period) to precession.
		The disagreement between the spectra of the climate and the spectrum of the eccentricity is evident.
		In contrast, the bispectrum of the eccentricity, Fig.
	muller.lbl.gov /papers/nature.html (5498 words)

	orbital element concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		eccentricity (7 facts) (e) - An orbital element representing the eccentricity of the elliptical orbit, In astronomy, the extent to which an elliptical orbit departs from a circular one.
		It is usually expressed as a decimal fraction, regarding a circle as having an eccentricity of 0., A measure of how round or elliptical an orbit is. A perfect circle has an eccentricity of 0 percent, and an extremely elliptical orbit has an eccentricity of just under 100 percent.
		The (equatorial) inclination of a planet is the angle between the plane of its equator and that of its orbit.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/orbitalelement.html (399 words)

	Milankovitch and Tuning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Eccentricity is unique among the orbital parameters in that it changes the total amount of insolation incident on the earth.
		The equatorial plane precesses with a period of 25.8 Kyr and the orbital plane precesses with a period of 70 Kyr.
		Orbital, precessional, and insolation quantities for the earth from -20 myrs to +10mrs.
	www.mit.edu /~phuybers/General (7419 words)

	ASP: This Restless Globe
		The eccentricity of the Earth's orbital ellipse is currently decreasing from a peak of about 0.02 some 14,000 years ago toward a low of about 0.003 some 25,000 years from now (Figure 10).
		The change in eccentricity, plus the changing relation between the perihelion and aphelion of the Earth's orbit and the equinoxes and solstices, change the duration of the seasons.
		The prevailing theory holds that the changing obliquity of the ecliptic (41,000-year cycle) and a combination of the changing eccentricity of the Earth's orbit (about 100,000-year cycle) and the relative movement of the perihelion and the spring equinox (complex cycle, averaging about 21,000 years) account for the cycles of glaciation.
	www.astrosociety.org /education/publications/tnl/45/globe4.html (1221 words)

	Orbital Description
		Eccentricity is computed as the linear eccentricity (the distance from the center of the ellipse to the center of the Earth) divided by the semi major axis.
		A zero eccentricity describes a circular orbit; an eccentricity approaching one describes a highly elliptical orbit.
		The plane of the orbital ellipse is oriented by two angles: the inclination and the right ascension of the ascending node.
	www.mindspring.com /~n2wwd/html/body_orbital_description.html (489 words)

	ECCENTRICITY
		Of the 90 extrasolar planets that reside beyond 0.15 AU, their average orbital eccentricity is 0.32.
		Excitation of Orbital Eccentricities by Repeated Resonance Crossings 2003, ApJ, 584, 465, Chiang, E. Rasio and Ford 1996, Science, vol 274, 954.
		While an eccentric giant planet would certainly induce dynamical dominoes for terrestrial planets, the supposed demise of life may be a circular argument.
	exoplanets.org /ecc.html (357 words)

	Orbital eccentricity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The eccentricity of this conic section, the orbit's eccentricity, is an important parameter of the orbit that defines its absolute shape.
		The length of the seasons is proportional to the area of the Earth's orbit swept between the solstices and equinoxes.
		Orbital mechanics require that the duration of the seasons be proportional to the area of the Earth's orbit swept between the solstices and equinoxes, so when the orbital eccentricity is extreme, the seasons that occur on the far side of the orbit (aphelion) can be substantially longer in duration.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eccentricity_(orbit) (569 words)

	Simultaneous presence of Orbital Inclination and Eccentricity
		From the clear presence of both signals in different proxies at the same site, we conclude that although eccentricity affected the local climate, it is orbital inclination that drove the variations in the global ice volume for the past million years.
		Although the spectra of eccentricity and inclination are quite different, they are remarkably easy to confuse for two reasons: First, it has become traditional to ignore the absence of the expected 400 k.y.
		eccentricity cycle since it is difficult to see in the short records and plausible effects have been postulated that could suppress it.
	muller.lbl.gov /papers/geology2.html (3652 words)

	EO Printall
		Note that the Sun is not at the center of the Earth's orbital ellipse, rather it is at one of focal points.
		Using these three orbital variations, Milankovitch was able to formulate a comprehensive mathematical model that calculated latitudinal differences in insolation and the corresponding surface temperature for 600,000 years prior to the year 1800.
		...orbital variations remain the most thoroughly examined mechanism of climatic change on time scales of tens of thousands of years and are by far the clearest case of a direct effect of changing insolation on the lower atmosphere of Earth (National Research Council, 1982).
	earthobservatory.nasa.gov /Library/Giants/Milankovitch/printall.php (1218 words)

	Orbital Symbolism
		They are "crude" and "wild", with a tendency to be aggressive, but --unlike Pluto-- their orbits are "sick" and "tremble", destined to be transformed or die as a result of their crossing the paths of the giant planets. They are therefore related to pain and to death, but also to rapture, unconditioning, and freedom.
		I like to use the words "orbital gesture", and compare it with the movement of the hands and arms when someone is speaking. It is not conceptual, but similar to listening to music.
		Pluto also made us aware of the possible meaning of orbital inclination, and is in fact the model and the fore-bearer of all centaurs, which are considered to have physically originated in the same region of space as Pluto.
	www.expreso.co.cr /centaurs/essays/paradigm.html (2483 words)

	General Relativity or Newtonian Tidal Effects?
		The NTE sun-tide amplitude is proportional to a planet's orbital eccentricity, as given in equation (1).
		The measured orbital precessions for the binary stars DI Herculis and AS Camelopardalis are respectively 1.05 and 15.0 degrees per century.
		However, the mean orbital radius for the 4.17/2.5 combination is 1.335 times the 1.4/1.4 combination, which when squared in the GR equation results in the increased GR precession calculation from 408 to 727 degrees per century.
	www.gsanctuary.com /general_relativity.html (4307 words)

	Eccentricity - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orbital eccentricity, in astrodynamics, calculated from orbital state vectors as an absolute value of eccentricity vector or using other methods based on orbital energy and angular momentum.
		Eccentric (mechanism), a wheel that rotates on an axle that is displaced from the focus of the circle described by the wheel
		Eccentric position of a surveying tripod to be able to measure hidden points
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eccentricity (209 words)

	Planetary Gravitational Resonances
		Currently, our eccentricity is around 0.016 (which means that we vary from a circular orbit by about one part in 60 in distance from the Sun, meaning that our average 93 million mile distance varies from 91.5 million (in early January) to 94.5 million (in early July).
		Kepler (and then Newton) determined that the orbital semi-diameter is directly related to the orbital period, which means that the (average) velocity in the orbit is uniquely specified when the orbital semi-diameter is known.
		One orbital element that is so altered is the orbital period, which has a slight second-order incentive to change TOWARD a simple fraction (or multiple) of the other object's orbital period.
	mb-soft.com /public/gravres.html (2971 words)

	Geology 150 - Climate Changes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Earth's eccentricity has varied over time between values of 0.005 and 0.0607 (currently the eccentricity is 0.0167).
		Eccentricity is important because it modulates the amplitude of the precession cycle (see below).
		Instead, they shift with respect to Earth's eccentric orbit and with respect to aphelion (point in Earth's orbit farthest from Sun) and perihelion (point in Earth's orbit closest to the Sun).
	earth.usc.edu /geol150/variability/orbitalchanges.html (920 words)

	KryssTal: The Solar System: The Earth's Moon
		As for many satellites, the period of rotation is the same as the orbital period.
		An orbit with an eccentricity of 0 is a circle.
		An orbit with an eccentricity of 1 would be an open curve called a parabola.
	www.krysstal.com /solarsys_moon.html (562 words)

	4.3 Binary pulsars
		The eccentricity of the orbit dictates the shape of the orbital curve.
		An important general relativistic prediction for eccentric double neutron star systems is the orbital decay due to the emission of gravitational radiation.
		The orbital decay, which corresponds to a shrinkage of about 1.5 cm per orbit, is seen most dramatically as the gradually increasing shift in orbital phase for periastron passages with respect to a non-decaying orbit.
	relativity.livingreviews.org /Articles/lrr-1998-10/node18.html (894 words)

	FUTURE COMET IMPACTS AND VULCAN'S ORBITAL PARAMETER VERIFICATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The eccentricity is reflected in a long followed by a short interval between impacts from the four major comet swarms.
		Orbital Trajectories of Vulcan And Its Induced Comet Swarms.
		Vulcan's New Orbital Parameters estimates Vulcan's period to be 4,969 years (with a comet swarm period 3,313 years).
	www.barry.warmkessel.com /barry/TOIdelta.html (3720 words)

	Ocean 540: Orbital Geometry
		Variations in the eccentricity of the earth's orbit during the past 600,000 years.
		As is suggested by the exaggerated ellipses of Figure OG-1, variations in eccentricity change the flux of radiation received by the entire planet at different times of the year, but there is no latitudinal effect.
		Residual uncertainties relate both to the orbital parameters, and the offset in time, or lag, between a change in incoming radiation and the response of the geologic and oceanographic proxies that are measured in sediment cores.
	www2.ocean.washington.edu /oc540/lec01-23 (728 words)

	Science -- Rial 285 (5427): 564
		O spectra is common to both the orbitally tuned and orbitally untuned records.
		The strong 41-ky peak in the orbitally tuned spectra is caused by tuning at that frequency.
		Frequency modulation of the weaker 125 ky eccentricity component essentially reinforces the 95 ky peak and its sidebands, since 1/95 - 1/413 ~ 1/125.
	equake.geol.vt.edu /acourses/S990723-Rial.html (3018 words)

	MIRA :: Field Trips to the Stars :: The Solar System :: Mercury
		That's why we never see it at midnight and why it is hard to detect with the naked eye, in addition to the fact that it is very small and reflects little sunlight.
		Orbital data are the quantities that tell us how Mercury moves in its orbit around the Sun.
		Mercury's orbital plane is the second most tilted, after Pluto's, with respect to the ecliptic (the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun).
	www.mira.org /fts0/planets/092/text/txt001x.htm (709 words)

	Orbital Effect on Weather Notes, 2004 / 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		But on Mercury, where there aren’t any seasons (no tilt), and the eccentricity is very large (over 20%), the changing distance does produce a noticeable effect -- namely, at perihelion, the temperature on the day side of the planet may exceed 800 Fahrenheit degrees, whereas at aphelion, it rarely reaches 600 Fahrenheit.
		On the Earth, this does not happen, for two reasons: Our eccentricity is much smaller (1.7%, compared to almost 10%), and we have oceans and land surfaces, with difference responses to the change in heat, whereas Mars is all dry land.
		ECCENTRICITY is of no importance if it is small (5% or less), and even for the three planets that have large eccentricities, eccentricity is only more important than seasons for one--Mercury (because it doesn’t have seasons).
	www.cseligman.com /orbitnotes.htm (2602 words)

	[No title]
		In particular, the distributions of cometary osculating orbital elements:1 the semimajor axis distribution, orbital eccentricity distribution, and orbital inclination distribution of comets, all contain a common feature that is of particular interest; they display an asymmetry that seems to indicate two distinct populations of comets.
		Comets that have orbital inclinations, i, close to zero orbit close to the orbital plane of, and in the same direction as, the major bodies in the solar system, whereas comets with higher inclinations orbit in all directions about the Sun.
		Yet again, the orbital inclination distribution of comets appears to be divided into two populations: those that have very low i, and those with i more evenly distributed from 0° to 180°.
	www.princeton.edu /~willman/tno-comet/tnocomet.doc (2486 words)

	[No title]
		We hope to provide more data in the future, such as additional Earth orbital elements and also orbital elements for additional planets, such as Mars.
		Orbital inclination is computed in radians and relative to the solar system's invariable plane, which is the plane perpendicular to the system's angular momentum vector.
		The data file has the same format as the one for eccentricity and it is also for the same simulation, R7.
	astrobiology.ucla.edu /OTHER/SSO (396 words)

	Distinguishing Brown Dwarfs from Planets
		Application of the orbital criterion suggests that, with three possible exceptions, all of the recently discovered substellar companions may be brown dwarfs and not planets.
		Note that low eccentricity is a characteristic for other objects such as the terrestrial planets, the regular satellites of the giant planets in the solar system, and the companions to the pulsar PSR 1257+12 (Wolszczan and Frail 1992), all of which are thought to have formed by accretion from a disk.
		Orbital evolution is thus not likely to be a major consideration for periods much beyond a few weeks.
	ecf.hq.eso.org /~ralbrech/novdec97apjl/975227.html (3385 words)

	b33 The Milankovitch insolation hypothesis for climatic cycles
		He found that cycles of high eccentricity follow upon each other for hundreds of thousands of years and then cycles of low eccentricity become the pattern as is the case today and calculably was so for the last 10,000 years.
		At times of low eccentricity such as exists today winters are evidently of too brief for low-latitude snow accumulations to last into summer and induce an ice age.
		The implication is that ice-age cycles are driven by orbital variations in solar irradiance either in the tropics or in the Southern (not Northern) Hemisphere.
	geowords.com /histbooknetscape/b33.htm (2181 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Graph of the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit
		This graph shows the variation in the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit over the last 750,000 years.
		The blue line traces the eccentricity of the elliptical orbit as it varies from from circular (0.0)..
	www.museum.state.il.us /exhibits/ice_ages/eccentricity_graph.html (50 words)

	eccentricity concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		It is usually expressed as a decimal fraction, regarding a circle as having an eccentricity of 0.
		has definition A measure of how round or elliptical an orbit is. A perfect circle has an eccentricity of 0 percent, and an extremely elliptical orbit has an eccentricity of just under 100 percent.
		The Sun has an orbital eccentricity of 6 percent, which means that at perigalacticon the Sun is 6 percent closer to the Galactic center than its mean distance and at apogalacticon the Sun is 6 percent farther from the Galactic center than its mean distance.
	www.site.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/eccentricity.html (223 words)

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