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Topic: Orbital maneuvering system

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Normally, two thrusting maneuvers using the two orbital maneuvering system engines at the aft end of the orbiter are used in a two-step thrusting sequence: to complete insertion into Earth orbit and to circularize the spacecraft's orbit.
		The forward reaction control system engines are inhibited prior to entry interface, and the aft reaction control system engines maneuver the spacecraft until a dynamic pressure of 10 pounds per square foot is sensed, which is when the orbiter's ailerons become effective.
		In addition, excess orbital maneuvering system and reaction control system propellants are dumped by continuous orbital maneuvering system and reaction control system engine thrustings to improve the orbiter weight and center of gravity for the glide phase and landing.
	www.stsliftoff.com /Documents/newsref/mission_profile.html (4523 words)

	THE STS (SPACE TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM) - THE ORBITER
		The main landing gear wheels have a braking system for stopping the orbiter on the runway, and the nose wheel is steerable, again similar to a conventional airplane.
		The thermal protection system consists of various materials applied externally to the outer structural skin of the orbiter to maintain the skin within acceptable temperatures, primarily during the entry phase of the mission.
		Because the thermal protection system is installed on the outside of the orbiter skin, it establishes the aerodynamics over the vehicle in addition to acting as the heat sink.
	www.space-shuttle.com /orbitera.htm (2110 words)

	ORBITAL MANEUVERING SYSTEM
		The orbital maneuvering system provides the thrust for orbit insertion, orbit circularization, orbit transfer, rendezvous, deorbit, abort to orbit and abort once around and can provide up to 1,000 pounds of propellant to the aft reaction control system.
		The rudder is activated at Mach 3.5, and the aft RCS yaw jets are deactivated at Mach 1 and approximately 45,000 feet.
		The gaseous nitrogen system is also used after the OMS engines are shut down to purge residual fuel from the injector and combustion chamber, permitting safe restarting of the engines.
	science.ksc.nasa.gov /shuttle/technology/sts-newsref/sts-oms.html (8433 words)

	Orbital Maneuvering System - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Orbital Maneuvering System, or OMS, is a system of rocket engines used on the Space Shuttle for orbital injection and modifying its orbit.
		The OMS pods also contain the rear set of reaction control system (RCS) engines as well, which are referred to as the OMS/RCS.
		Orbital maneuvering system can be used to describe any system for moving about in orbit, so the term is found in non-Shuttle related topics as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orbital_Maneuvering_System (232 words)

	Orbiter Propulsion System
		The selected primary reaction control system engines are used in the separation sequence to provide an attitude hold for separation.
		The two OMS engines are used to place the orbiter on orbit, for major velocity maneuvers on orbit and to slow the orbiter for reentry, called the deorbit maneuver.
		The deorbit maneuver decreases the orbital velocity by approximately 300 fps (205 mph).
	liftoff.msfc.nasa.gov /Shuttle/about/eng.html (566 words)

	ISS Docking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Reaction Control System is used to change speed, orbit, and attitude (pitch, roll, and yaw.) The pitch is an angular rotation about an axis parallel to the widthwise axis of a vehicle.
		When the systems are activated, they are fired in a direction opposite to that which the Commander wishes to move.
		When the Commander wants to move the Space Shuttle to the left, he or she fires the system on the right, and if the movement needs to be to the right, the system fires on the left.
	www.spacesociety.org /spaceexpress/Curriculum/docking.html (1568 words)

	The Infrared Background Signature Survey
		Orientation of the orbiter and the Shuttle Pallet Satellite during the observation of the orbital maneuvering system burns.
		Radiances in the orbital maneuvering system plume in the 4–5-micron region.
		The principal goals of the observations were to measure the spatial distributions of radiances in two spectral bands selected as candidates for postboost-vehicle detection in a defense system and to measure the spectra for both components of both plumes.
	www.aero.org /publications/crosslink/summer2004/03.html (2115 words)

	Orbital Maneuvering System (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		ORBITAL MANEUVERING SYSTEM: The fifth component of a shuttle is its orbital maneuvering system (OMS).
		The job of the OMS is to propel and maneuver the shuttle after it has arrived in space.
		It consists of two smaller engines located at the rear of the orbiter on either side of the main engines.
	www.rit.edu /~japnce/payne/shuttle/mainoms.html (53 words)

	Gemini Project
		Equipped with the Orbital Attitude Maneuvering System (OAMS) to create a controlled orbital and reentry path, the Gemini craft were the first fully maneuverable American manned spacecraft.
		Several orbital and docking training maneuvers were canceled, and Gemini 10 remaining docked to the GATV for about 39 hours – longer than originally scheduled.
		The thrusters were then fired in a series of six maneuvers to place the mated spacecraft on a path to intercept the GATV used during the Gemini 8 mission.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/G/Gemini_Project.html (3217 words)

	[No title]
		Physically, the LCC is constructed as follows: the first floor is used for administrative activities and houses the building's utilities systems control room; the second floor is occupied by the Control Data Subsystem; the four firing rooms occupy practically all of the third floor, and the fourth floor, as mentioned, earlier is used for offices.
		In the case of an extreme system failure -- the loss of cabin pressure or orbiter cooling systems -- the preferred mode would be the one that would terminate the mission as quickly as possible.
		However, to maintain proper orbital attitude and to perform a variety of maneuvers, an extensive array of large and small rocket thrusters are used -- 46 in all.
	www.textfiles.com /fun/fli-laun.txt (6392 words)

	Space Shuttle Phases
		The orbital altitude of a mission is dependent upon that mission.
		At the completion of orbital operations, the orbiter is oriented in a tail first attitude by the reaction control system.
		At 1,750 feet above ground level, a preflare maneuver is started to position the spacecraft for a 1.5-degree glide slope in preparation for landing with the speed brake positioned as required.
	students.db.erau.edu /~kalier/shuttle_phases.html (1862 words)

	Howstuffworks "How Space Shuttles Work"
		To do this, the orbiter carries liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen in two systems of pressurized tanks, which are located in the mid-fuselage (each system has two tanks for a total of four tanks).
		The cabin pressurization system combines the gases in the correct mixture at normal atmospheric pressure.
		Distribute heat where it is needed on the orbiter (mid-fuselage and aft sections) so that vital systems do not freeze in the cold of space.
	travel.howstuffworks.com /space-shuttle2.htm (1123 words)

	The fuselage of the Kliper (Clipper) spacecraft
		As a result, the ship would be able to conduct side maneuvers during its return to Earth, unlike a traditional reentry capsule, which is usually limited to a narrow corridor along the ground track of its final orbit.
		Some sections of the thermal protection system, such as original nose section with the attachments for the emergency escape rocket, would be expendable.
		The flight control system should be able to "zero in" on the landing site with the total area of one by one kilometer.
	www.russianspaceweb.com /kliper_fuselage.html (1409 words)

	[No title]
		The vehicle velocity required for orbital adjustments is approximately 2 feet per second for each nautical mile of altitude change.
		The primary and secondary drive systems are isolated and are not operated concurrently.
		Each area is heated in parallel by heater systems A and B, and each area has a control thermostat to maintain temperature at 55 F minimum to 75 F maximum.
	www.textfiles.com /computers/ohs-rcs.txt (8590 words)

	[No title]
		The ascent phase was normal in all respects; however, on orbit the crew reported that a section of AFRSI (advanced felt reusable surface insulation) was missing from the starboard OMS (orbital maneuvering system) pod, and some TPS (thermal protection system) tiles had minor damage.
		A number of attempts to restart the system, using the A controller, plus one attempt with the B controller, were unsuccessful.
		Thermal Protection System Damage on Orbital Maneuvering System Pod - An infight TPS (thermal protection system) inspection showed a multilayer FRSI (flexible reusable surface insulation) closeout strip approximately 6x40 inches located at the aft edge of the tile/FRSI interface on the right-hand OMS (orbital maneuvering system) pod was missing.
	members.aol.com /WSNTWOYOU/STS13MR.HTM (3140 words)

	Cape Canaveral Rocket and Missile Programs: Space Shuttle Program Orbiter Systems
		The Reaction Control System, which is made up of thrusters fired to help the Orbiter achieve a precise orbital path or perform changes in its position, and all of their related hardware.
		The Auxiliary Power Unit System is vital to the Orbiter, since it controls hydraulic devices that gimbal the Space Shuttle Main Engines, operate various propellant valves in the Space Shuttle Main Engines and move the Orbiter elevons, body flap and rudder speed brake.
		The Avionics System also monitors the performance of the Orbiter, supports digital data processing, communications and tracking, payload and system management, guidance, navigation and control, as well as the electrical power distribution for the Orbiter, External Tank and Solid Rocket Boosters.
	www.spaceline.org /rocketsum/orbiter-systems.html (2030 words)

	part1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The orbital maneuvering system (OMS) of the Orbiter is used to attain the-desired orbit and to make any subsequent maneuvers that may be required during the mission.
		The smaller Orbiter rocket engines of the orbital maneuvering system (OMS) provide maneuvering and control during space flight; during atmospheric flight the Orbiter is controlled by the aerodynamic surfaces on the wings and by the vertical stabilizer.
		The crew controls the launch, orbital maneuvering, atmospheric entry, and landing phases of the mission from the upper level flight deck Payload handling is accomplished by crewmen at the aft cabin payload station
	www.stsliftoff.com /Documents/sp407/part1.htm (2353 words)

	[No title]
		The main propulsion system, assisted by the two solid rocket boosters during the initial phas es of the ascent trajectory, provides the velocity increment from lift-off to a predetermined velocity increment before
		orbital maneuvering system is ignited to provide the final velocity increment for orbital insertion.
		Three orbiter hydraulic systems provide hydraulic pressure to position the SSME ser voactuators for thrust vector control during the ascent phase of the mission in addition to performing other functions in the main propulsion system.
	www.nsbri.org /sts40/engines.html (1113 words)

	NASA - The Orbiter
		Payloads are carried in the mid-fuselage payload bay, and the Orbiter's main engines and maneuvering thrusters are located in the aft fuselage.
		Stowage for the lithium hydroxide canisters and other gear, the waste management system, the personal hygiene station and the work/dining table is also provided in the middeck.
		The Remote Manipulator System, or RMS, is a 15.2-meter (50-foot) long articulating arm remotely controlled from the flight deck of the Orbiter.
	www1.nasa.gov /lb/returntoflight/system/system_Orbiter.html (903 words)

	SPACE.com -- Space Shuttle Tile System Unique, Future Could Bring Alternatives
		The system also includes insulating blankets, white ceramic tiles that withstand lower temperatures and a reinforced carbon-carbon composite material along the craft's nose and wing edges.
		In addition to new ceramics and metallic systems, the NGLT group is looking into improved thermal blankets and more durable low materials to protect the parts of a craft that are subjected to lower temperatures.
		Investigations into TPS systems with sharp leading edges, which would do away with the blunt body designs of the shuttle in favor of a more aerodynamic craft, have also found their way into experimental tests.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/shuttle_tps_030307.html (1313 words)

	NASAexplores 5-8 Lesson: (Teacher Sheets)
		After the Space Shuttle is launched and inserted into an initial orbit, the Commander uses the Orbital Maneuvering System to thrust the Space Shuttle from one orbit to another.
		Using the Orbital Maneuvering System and Reaction Control System, the Space Shuttle is positioned approximately 110 meters below the ISS.
		When the command is given to continue, the Reaction Control System is activated again, and the Space Shuttle closes in at a speed of about 0.05 meters per second, until it reaches a distance of about 9 meters.
	www.nasaexplores.com /show_58_teacher_st.php?id=030108103929 (959 words)

	Cape Canaveral Rocket and Missile Programs: Space Shuttle Program Orbiter Performance
		The two orbital maneuvering system engines are then fired to place the Orbiter on its proper orbit.
		Once the Orbiter reaches its proper orbit, the orbital maneuvering system engines can be fired again to support any major velocity maneuvers that become necessary.
		Once the mission is completed, the orbital maneuvering system engines are fired to slow the Orbiter in what is called the deorbit burn, or deorbit maneuver.
	www.spaceline.org /rocketsum/orbiter-performance.html (1221 words)

	John F. Kennedy Space Center - Launch Briefing Introduction
		Overnight, technicians detected a problem with a regulator on the left Orbital Maneuvering System pod aboard Endeavour.
		Mission managers have determined that one of the two valves in the Auxiliary Power Unit's coolant system (water spray boiler No. 3) could be replaced at the pad without impacting the scheduled launch.
		After inspection, the system will be recycled and managers will determine if additional work is required.
	www-pao.ksc.nasa.gov /kscpao/briefing/sts111/intro.htm (403 words)

	Beat the Heat: New Thermal Protection For Reusable Rockets
		Shuttle tile damage is seen on one of the pods protecting space shuttle Endeavour's Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS).
		Thermal Protection System (TPS) tile repairs is common before and after shuttle flights into Earth orbit.
		Each space plane is outfitted from nose to tail with a matrix of specially made fl and white tiles, quilted composite fabric and Nomex blankets, along with other materials specific to select areas of the craft.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/armor_tps_020130-1.html (1194 words)

	NASA's New Launch Systems May Include the Return of the Space Tug \| SpaceRef - Your Space Reference
		Along with a CEV that carried the flight crew and their support equipment and propulsion system package, a Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM) which was designed to undock from the CEV and take the entire crew to land upon the moon's surface.
		Elements of the solar power system would be brought up on the heavy lift vehicles and assembled by spacewalking astronauts from the orbiter's cargo bay.
		The Cargo Element postulated use of the shuttle orbiter Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engine pods, payload bay doors that remained attached after orbital insertion, and a nose cap derived from the orbiter.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewnews.html?id=1057 (4676 words)

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