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Topic: Orbital plane

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Semimajor axis

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Center of mass

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Johannes Kepler

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	AMSAT - What Are Keplerian Elements?
		The orbit ellipse lies in a plane known as the orbital plane.
		The orbital plane always goes thru the center of the earth, but may be tilted any angle relative to the equator.
		Inclination is the angle between the orbital plane and the equatorial plane.
	www.amsat.org /amsat-new/information/faqs/houston-net/kep.php (1247 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Orbital plane (astronomy)
		The orbital plane of an object orbiting another is the geometrical plane in which the orbit is embedded.
		Three points are required to find the orbital plane: the center of the heavier object, the center of the orbiting object and the center of the orbiting object at some later time.
		Inclination is one of the six orbital parameters describing the shape and orientation of a celestial orbit and is the angular distance of the orbital plane from the plane of the reference (usually planets equator or the ecliptic), stated in degrees.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Orbital-plane-%28astronomy%29 (308 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		In particular, the inclination is one of the six orbital parameters describing the shape and orientation of a celestial orbit.
		It is the angular distance of the orbital plane from the plane of reference (usually the primary's equator or the ecliptic), normally stated in degrees.
		In particular, for the Earth, the obliquity of the ecliptic is the angle between the plane of the ecliptic and the equator.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Inclination (666 words)

	Inclination - RecipeFacts (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In particular, the inclination is one of the six orbital parameters describing the shape and orientation of a celestial orbit.
		It is the angular distance of the orbital plane from the plane of reference (usually the primary's equator or the ecliptic), normally stated in degrees.
		In particular, for the Earth, the obliquity of the ecliptic is the angle between the plane of the ecliptic and the equator.
	www.recipeland.com:8080 /facts/Inclination (668 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: )
		For launch vehicles and artificial satellites, the orbital plane is a defining parameter of an orbit; as in general, it will take a very large amount of propellant to change the orbital plane of an object.
		Orbital planes of satellites are perturbed by the non spherical nature of the Earths gravity, and this causes the orbital plane to slowly rotate around the Earth, depending on the angle of the plane.
		For planes that are at a critical angle this can mean that the plane will track the Sun around the Earth, forming a Sun synchronous orbit.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=orbital_plane_(astronomy) (268 words)

	Satellite Observing: Orbital Elements
		The orbit ellipse lies in a plane, and this plane forms an angle with the plane of the equator.
		Now that the orbital plane is oriented in space, then the position of the orbital ellipse in the orbital plane must be defined.
		This is measured in the plane of the orbit.
	www.znark.com /sat/elements.html (936 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The orbital plane of an object orbiting another is the geometrical plane in which the orbit is embedded.
		Three points are required to find the orbital plane: the center of the heavier object, the center of the orbiting object and the center of the orbiting object at some later time.
		Orbital planes of satellites are perturbed by the non-spherical nature of the Earth's gravity, and this causes the orbital plane to slowly rotate around the Earth, depending on the angle of the plane.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Orbital_plane_(astronomy) (266 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Laplace plane
		The Laplace plane is defined as the mean plane occupied by the orbit of a satellite during a precession cycle.
		Roughly, for the satellites orbiting very close to the planet the Laplace plane is the planet's equatorial plane (being dominated by the planet's oblateness), while with increasing distance it warps or tilts until it approaches the orbital plane of the planet for its outer satellites (being dominated by the Sun).
		For example, the Laplace planes for the satellites of Neptune are strongly influenced by the largest moon Triton, while for the outer satellites of Jupiter (Ananke, Pasiphaë and the others), the perturbations induced by Saturn are sufficiently important to make the Laplace plane deviate from the orbital plane.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Laplace_plane (229 words)

	Space Future - Orbital Considerations in Kankoh-Maru Return Flight Operations
		Of these factors, orbital considerations are the most fundamental since they determine the physical frequency of landing opportunities from a given orbiting hotel to a given landing site, the time taken from departure to landing for a given orbital hotel-landing site pair on each occasion, and other matters.
		The viewpoint of a commercial operator planning orbital passenger flights is different from that of a government space agency performing a research mission; in particular they will generally be trying to maintain or increase their profitability, which leads to a continuous interest in both increasing revenues and reducing costs.
		The fundamental orbital property that is used to achieve correct phasing for landing at a selected site is that lower orbits have shorter periods: For instance, an orbit at 350 km altitude has a period of 91.5 minutes, whereas one at 150 km has a period some 4 minutes shorter.
	www.spacefuture.com /archive/orbital_considerations_in_kankoh_maru_return_flight_operations.shtml (6322 words)

	DSRS: Satellite Orbital Parameters Explained
		The angle in the orbital plane from the ascending node to the point of perigee in the direction of the satellite's motion.
		The angle on the equatorial plane from the vernal equinox eastward to the orbit ascending node, the point where the satellite crosses the equator on an ascending pass.
		The angle on the orbital plane from the point of perigee to the position of the satellite in the direction of the satellite's motion.
	www.sat.dundee.ac.uk /params.html (284 words)

	Chemistry 101A, Atomic and Molecular Oribtals Page
		The orbitals are not all shown on the same scale (except for the 1s and 2s orbitals, which are on the same scale).
		In this orbital most of the electron "density" is in the two outer lobes of the orbital, but there is some electron density in the two small inner lobes.
		The 2p-sigma orbital is a bonding orbital which can be approximated by two 2p orbitals with their electron density lobes pointing toward each other.
	www.chem.arizona.edu /~salzmanr/orbitals.html (1640 words)

	Search Results for "orbital"
		Orbital motion about a point, especially as distinguished from axial rotation: the planetary revolution about the sun.
		Of, relating to, or resembling the physical or orbital characteristics of a planet or the planets.
		Of or relating to the orbital revolution or axial rotation of a planetary or other celestial body...
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/sitesearch?FILTER=col61&x=10&y=12&query=orbital (352 words)

	CSA - Orbital
		Changes in the orbital plane of a space probe use less energy the further from the Sun they are.
		ANS: The Earth is moving at approximately 35km/s in an orbital plane which is close to the equatorial plane of the Sun.
		The required change in the orbital inclination of a space probe (which is co-moving at 35 km/s with the Earth and in the same plane) by nearly 90o requires a gigantic ”delta vee“.
	www.space.gc.ca /asc/eng/educators/resources/orbital/activity_orbital_planes_key.asp (510 words)

	SPIRAL project Orbital space-plane
		The wings of the plane could inclined from 115° to 30° (to resist heat at the time of the re-entry in the atmosphere).
		To be multipurpose the orbital fighters had a compartment of 2 m³which enabled them to embark various types of apparatuses such as a camera, a spreadable radio antenna, a space-ground missile, a space-space missile.
		The autonomy of the plane was enough to ensure the destruction of objectives until 1000 km heights, as well as orbits of 10° compared to that of the plane.
	www.buran-energia.com /spiral/orbital-plane-desc.php (957 words)

	Starry Night Pro Help
		Orbital elements remain a mystery to most people, due in part to the complex names these numbers have acquired, and secondly to the trouble many people have in thinking three-dimensionally.
		The orbital plane always goes through the center of the parent object, but may be tilted at any angle relative to the parent's equator.
		Inclination is the angle between the orbital plane and the equatorial plane, measured between 0° and 180°.
	www.starrynight.com /helpPro/OEElements.shtml (1844 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Orbital plane to launch Japanese supersonic testing
		Orbital Sciences Corporation announced today that it has been awarded a contract by Fuji Heavy Industries Ltd. of Japan, valued at up to $21 million, to provide launch support services for an experimental supersonic flight test program that is being sponsored by Japan's National Aerospace Laboratory.
		Orbital's L-1011 is a uniquely capable aircraft that has served as an airborne launch platform for operational launch vehicles and onboard flight experiments for several different aerospace programs.
		Orbital is one of the world's leading developers and manufacturers of affordable space systems for commercial, civil government and military customers.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0208/09l1011 (629 words)

	Basic of Space Flight: Orbital Mechanics
		Inclination is the angular distance between a satellite's orbital plane and the equator of its primary (or the ecliptic plane in the case of heliocentric, or sun centered, orbits).
		V to be perpendicular to the orbital plane and, therefore, perpendicular to the initial velocity vector.
		Orbital transfer becomes more complicated when the object is to rendezvous with or intercept another object in space: both the interceptor and the target must arrive at the rendezvous point at the same time.
	www.braeunig.us /space/orbmech.htm (6457 words)

	4.1 Binary evolution
		If the orbital period is less than about 10 days, tidal interactions will have circularized the orbit during the pre- and early main-sequence phase.
		If the orbital period is less than about 100 days, but longer than a few days, the star will fill its Roche lobe during the rapid expansion to a red giant with a helium core.
		The nature of the remnant depends upon the state of the primary during the onset of RLOF and the orbital properties of the resultant binary depend upon the details of the mass transfer.
	www.emis.de /journals/LRG/Articles/lrr-2002-2/articlesu8.html (1099 words)

	Search for Extrasolar Planets: Spectroscopy - Explore the Cosmos \| The Planetary Society
		This is not a problem if the orbital plane of the distant planetary system appears "edge-on" when observed from the Earth.
		If, however, the orbital plane of the planet is "face on" when observed from the Earth, the entire wobble of the star will be perpendicular to an observer's line of vision.
		While the star may move significantly within the orbital plane, no part of its movement will be towards or away from the Earth.
	www.planetary.org /explore/topics/extrasolar_planets/extrasolar/spectroscopy.html (1061 words)

	NOAA Paleoclimatology Program - Orbital Variations and Milankovitch Theory
		Orbital changes occur over thousands of years, and the climate system may also take thousands of years to respond to orbital forcing.
		Recent Calculations of Earth Orbital Parameters and Insolation by A. Berger are archived at the WDC Paleo.
		If the earth's axis were "straight up and down" relative to the orbital plane, as in the right-hand image, there would be no seasons, since every point on the earth would receive the same amount of sun each day of the year.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /paleo/milankovitch.html (862 words)

	EUMETSAT - What We Do - Low Earth
		The orbit is designed to ensure that the angle between the orbital plane and the sun remains constant, resulting in consistent lighting conditions.
		This is achieved by a careful selection of orbital parameters to produce a precession of the orbit equal to the apparent motion of the sun as seen from Earth orbit, i.e.
		The satellite's orbital plane must be inclined away from a true north-south polar orbit.
	www.eumetsat.int /Home/Main/What_We_Do/Satellites/Orbits/SP_1119354877672?l=en (479 words)

	orbital element concept from the Astronomy knowledge base (Site not responding. Last check: )
		inclination (6 facts) (i) - An orbital element representing the inclination of the object's orbital plane to the ecliptic, The angle between one plane and another.
		The (equatorial) inclination of a planet is the angle between the plane of its equator and that of its orbit.
		The inclination of the orbit of a planet in the Solar System other than Earth is the angle between the plane of that orbit and the ecliptic., The angle between two planes or their poles; usually the angle between an orbital plane and a reference plane.
	www.csi.uottawa.ca:4321 /astronomy/orbitalelement.html (399 words)

	How Orbital Motion is Calculated
		In polar coordinates (r,f) describing the satellite's motion in its orbital plane, f is the polar angle.
		The orbital ellipse is enclosed in a circle of radius a, and given a position P of the satellite, a corresponding point Q on the circle can be drawn, sharing the same line perpendicular to the ellipse's axis.
		Finally, ω is the angle measured in the orbital plane between N and the direction from O to the perigee point P.
	www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov /stargaze/Smotion.htm (1365 words)

	Planetary Gravitational Resonances
		Kepler (and then Newton) determined that the orbital semi-diameter is directly related to the orbital period, which means that the (average) velocity in the orbit is uniquely specified when the orbital semi-diameter is known.
		There is certainly a broad effect of very slowly altering the orbital elements of both objects in such an interaction, with the greater effects occurring to the orbit of the less massive object.
		One orbital element that is so altered is the orbital period, which has a slight second-order incentive to change TOWARD a simple fraction (or multiple) of the other object's orbital period.
	mb-soft.com /public/gravres.html (2971 words)

	Parameters Describing Elliptical Orbits
		The angle from the ascending node to the pericenter, measured in the plane of the orbit.
		A significant time, often the time at which the orbital elements for an object are valid.
		The angle between this orbital plane and a reference plane.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /~seb/celestia/orbital-parameters.html (768 words)

	Description of orbits: the orbital elements
		f this planar orbit is considered in a 3dimensioal volume, a third parameter is needed to indicate the inclination of the orbital plane.
		the drawing, the orbital plane is the plane where the orbit lies.
		The intersection between the orbital plane and the reference plane is called nodal line.
	spaceguard.rm.iasf.cnr.it /NScience/neo/neo-where/orbit-char.htm (622 words)

	orbital planes
		Once positioned on the same plane as the target you can then intercept or "sync up" to that target by changing the shape of the orbit.
		The ships orbital plane will be at some angle to the targets orbital plane.
		The angle between the two planes is measured in degrees and noted in the Align MFD as Rinc.
	www.eharm.net /shop/freeware/orbiter/tutorials/orbiter_instrument/orbital_planes.html (703 words)

	Orbital Loop
		Half of the orbital energy of the loop is transferred to the cargo, while the other half is wasted as heat.
		Winches exert a periodic force on the loop which is synchronized with the orbital movement of the loop.
		The perturbation results in a precession of the orbital plane, which means that the orbital plane rotates about the axis of Earth rotation.
	www.nss.org /settlement/nasa/Nowicki/SPBI131.HTM (1465 words)

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