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Topic: Orbital velocity

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Earth orbit rendezvous

Apollo abort modes

Saturn 5

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Launch escape system

Direct ascent

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	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Orbital speed
		The orbital speed of a body, generally a planet, a natural satellite, an artificial satellite, or a multiple star, is the speed at which it orbits around the barycenter of a system, usually around a more massive body.
		The orbital speed at any position in the orbit can be computed from the distance to the central body at that position, and the specific orbital energy, which is independent of position: the kinetic energy is the total energy minus the potential energy.
		The transverse orbital speed is inversely proportional to the distance to the central body because of the law of conservation of angular momentum, or equivalently, Kepler's second law.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Orbital_velocity (631 words)

	ORBITAL - Definition
		[adj] of or relating to the eye socket; "orbital scale"; "orbital arch"
		[adj] of or relating to an orbit; "orbital revolution"; "orbital velocity"
		{Orbital index} (Anat.), in the skull, the ratio of the vertical height to the transverse width of the orbit, which is taken as the standard, equal to 100.
	www.hyperdictionary.com /dictionary/orbital (71 words)

	Parabolic trajectory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		If the body has the escape velocity with respect to the Earth, this is not enough to escape the Solar System, so near the Earth the orbit resembles a parabola, but further away it bends into an elliptical orbit around the Sun.
		) is closely related to the orbital velocity of a body in a circular orbit of the radius equal to the radial position of orbiting body on the parabolic trajectory:
		is orbital velocity of a body in circular orbit.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Parabolic_trajectory (270 words)

	Mel Winfield: "Science of Actuality" book additions
		In a vortex, the linear velocity of the vortex flow, or of the particles within the flow, is c, the speed of light, because that was the speed when they were part of the medium.
		The orbital length of the outer point, on any planet, divided by the orbital length of the inner point is the exact same ratio as the orbital velocity of the outer point divided by the orbital velocity of the inner point.
		Since the orbital radius is to the Earth's center, the orbital radius to the inner point is this minus one half of the diameter and to the outer point it is this plus one half of the diameter.
	www.spacetelescopes.com /additions.html (5525 words)

	Cnes - A special kind of curve
		The exact nature of this curve depends on the velocity at which the satellite is released from the launcher, at its injection point.
		Once the satellite is in orbit, its velocity depends only on its altitude and not its mass, according to Galileo’s law of falling bodies, which states that all bodies in a vacuum fall in the same way.
		There is also a velocity, called the circular orbital velocity, at which the satellite’s altitude is constant and the orbit is therefore a circle.
	www.cnes.fr /web/1072-a-special-kind-of-curve.php (370 words)

	Orbital Mechanics
		Inclination is the angular distance between a satellite's orbital plane and the equator of its primary (or the ecliptic plane in the case of heliocentric, or sun centered, orbits).
		V to be perpendicular to the orbital plane and, therefore, perpendicular to the initial velocity vector.
		Orbital transfer becomes more complicated when the object is to rendezvous with or intercept another object in space: both the interceptor and the target must arrive at the rendezvous point at the same time.
	www.braeunig.us /space/orbmech.htm (6414 words)

	Hyperbolic trajectory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics a hyperbolic trajectory is an orbit with the eccentricity greater than 1.
		The hyperbolic excess velocity is related to the specific orbital energy or characteristic energy by
		Note that this means that a relatively small extra delta-v above that needed to accelerate to the escape speed, results in a relatively large speed at infinity.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hyperbolic_trajectory (227 words)

	Orbital Velocity
		Orbital velocity (also called circular velocity) is the speed of a satellite in orbit around a planet.
		The two most important things to remember are: (1) be sure to work with distances in meters or the units won't work out, and (2) add the radius of the planet to the distance of the satellite above the surface.
		What is the orbital velocity of a satellite in orbit 10,000 km above the surface of the Earth?
	ceres.hsc.edu /homepages/classes/astronomy/spring99/Mathematics/sec10.html (153 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Orbital Debris: A Technical Assessment (1995)
		Orbital velocities are directly related to altitude—objects in lower-altitude orbits move faster than objects in higher orbits.
		Orbital velocity for circular LEO orbits varies from almost 8 km/s (skimming the top of the atmosphere) to about 7 km/s (at 2,000 km).
		The impact velocity distribution of the debris flux on a space object is thus influenced by its orbital altitude, eccentricity, and inclination, as well as the eccentricity and inclination distribution of objects in intersecting orbits.
	www.nap.edu /books/0309051258/html/89.html (512 words)

	Chapter 5 -- Orbital Mechanics (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Orbital mechanics is the study of the motion of human made objects as they travel around a principal body, in the majority of flights the Earth.
		The spacecraft's velocity is a vector tangent to the satellite's path with a magnitude equal to the spacecraft's speed.
		The inclination is the angle between the orbital plane and the equatorial plane.
	www.space.edu /projects/book/chapter5.html (5633 words)

	orbital velocity -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		velocity sufficient to cause a natural or artificial satellite to remain in orbit.
		The orbital path, elliptical or circular, thus represents a balance between gravity and inertia.
		Its observed radial velocity is -245 km/sec, and the components of its space velocity are U = 19 km/sec, V = -288 km/sec, W = -52 km/sec.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9057288?tocId=9057288 (846 words)

	Orbital speed -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Velocity does not explicitly depend on (Strange and unconventional behavior) eccentricity but is determined by length of (Click link for more info and facts about semi-major axis) semi-major axis (),
		This means that the body moves faster near its ((astronomy) the point in as orbit closest to the body being orbited) periapsis than near its ((astronomy) the point in an orbit farthest from the body being orbited) apoapsis, because at the smaller distance it needs to trace a greater arc to cover the same area.
		This is still a simplified version; it doesn't allow for (Click link for more info and facts about elliptical) elliptical orbits, but it does at least allow for bodies of similar masses.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/or/orbital_speed.htm (528 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The requirements for the placement of a satellite into orbit are mentioned and the results of some basic orbital trajectory simulations are presented based on the performance estimates of the Ausroc III vehicle.
		The second condition is that the object has sufficient tangential velocity (v) to counter the effects of the earth's gravity (g).
		The velocity equation used to obtain the theoretical maximum velocity that a rocket will reach in a drag and gravity free environment is given by3: Velocity = Isp g ln(Minitial/Mfinal) This equation can also be used for multi staged vehicles to optimise the stage masses.
	www.sworld.com.au /steven/space/ausroc/ausroc4/a4paper.txt (3648 words)

	Interpretation of a Doppler Map
		The solid-line trajectory, extending left of the secondary star's Roche lobe, is the free-fall velocity path of the stream, while the dashed-line trajectory is the Keplerian image of this path.
		The velocity component of the secondary is generally much less than the orbital velocity at the Roche-lobe radius of the primary.
		Recall that the velocity vector of a moving particle is tangent to its radius vector.
	mintaka.sdsu.edu /faculty/quyen/node24.html (1085 words)

	Orbital Loop (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Half of the orbital energy of the loop is transferred to the cargo, while the other half is wasted as heat.
		When the container has attained orbital velocity, it drops off, and is carried to its final destination by a variety of economical, low-thrust propulsion techniques.
		Winches exert a periodic force on the loop which is synchronized with the orbital movement of the loop.
	lifesci3.arc.nasa.gov /SpaceSettlement/Nowicki/SPBI131.HTM (1465 words)

	Velocity Corrections in CALFUSE (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The orbital circumstances associated with a typical FUSE observation are illustrated schematically in Figure 4, which represents a projection of the orbital plane onto the equatorial plane of the sky.
		Thus, to remove orbital motion from FUSE data, the spectra must be redshifted by the component of the satellite's velocity whenever it is moving toward the source (i.e., times 1-3), and blueshifted whenever it is moving away from the source (i.e., times 3-5).
		The sense of the heliocentric velocity shift is of prime importance.
	fuse.pha.jhu.edu /analysis/velcor/fusevhelio.html (2893 words)

	Untitled (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The velocity at perihelion is too high to be in a circular orbit, so the distance to the sun must increase.
		This is higher than the actual velocity at that point and this is why Pluto cannot escape, but must remain in a closed (or "bound") orbit.
		In short, at perihelion, Pluto has too large a velocity for a circular orbit, but too small a velocity to escape and is destined to go around the sun at a radial distance, which oscillates between a maximum and a minimum value.
	www.csulb.edu /colleges/coe/ae/engr370i/ch04/ch4_7/ch4_7.html (253 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The tidal force exerted by the moon on the earth is causing the rotation period of the earth to slow down.
		Orbital angular momentum = mass x orbital velocity x radius of orbit.
		The orbital velocity of the moon depends only on its distance from the earth and the mass of the earth.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /1998/ph101/l16.html (255 words)

	RE: Orbital velocity question
		For the simpler circular orbit, you end up with v^2 = GM/r, which of course is what I learned in high school to solve orbital velocity.
		As orbital height(r) approaches the surface of earth(R), g`=g.
		I understand that the acceleration due to gravity is less at the orbital height and that, due to conservation of angular momentum, v`r = vR (where v` is the orbital velocity), but when I square both sides and divide by r^2, I get stuck.
	www.amsat.org /amsat/archive/amsat-bb/200505/msg00808.html (259 words)

	Final Gallery
		Alternatively, Earthâs orbital velocity at that point can also be calculated using the same equation, except that âaâ has a different value for Earth.
		Alternatively, Marsâs orbital velocity at that point can also be calculated using the same equation, except that âaâ has a different value for Mars.
		The velocity at the equator is 6400 km * 7.27 * 10^-5 radians/sec =.4654 km/s / (1.6 km/mi) * (3600 s/hr) = 1047 mph.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /has/Students/finalgall.cfm?id=426 (1215 words)

	Final Gallery
		To find the Earth orbital velocity I used the formula v= 1.6 x 10^10 (1/r â“ 1/[2a]) ^Â½ where r was 150 MKm and a is also 150 MKm (since Earths orbit is round).
		The pathfinderâs velocity is less than that of Mars because the pathfinder is at its point of greatest potential energy, but least kinetic energy.
		I used the given equation a found the velocity needed to be 353.7104 km/s or 790,905 mph.
	aerospacescholars.jsc.nasa.gov /has/Students/finalgall.cfm?id=342 (623 words)

	Orbital's Process, Orbital Velocity - Orbital Technologies
		At Orbital, we learn our client’s processes and work to ensure compliance with their coding standards and project expectations.
		Orbital Velocity is comprised of Design and Execution Phases, as outlined below.
		Orbital can deliver a component that is incorporated by our client, or a full product including installers.
	www.orbitaltech.com /process.htm (483 words)

	Chapter 5: DOPPLER TOMOGRAPHY OF KU CYGNI
		Figure 5.1 displays the different observing angles through the orbital plane of a binary system during one orbit around the center of mass.
		The velocity field of the accretion disk is not necessarily Keplerian in nature.
		Thus, in the rotating reference frame of the system, the observed velocity component at a certain position on the circular orbit around the primary star is given by the total of its Keplerian velocity and orbital velocity, or
	mintaka.sdsu.edu /faculty/quyen/node23.html (1254 words)

	Orbital Velocity Schematic - Orbital Technologies
		This diagram is an illustration of Orbital Velocity, a two-phase development approach used by Orbital when working with a client on a software development project.
		Orbital Technologies Inc. is a custom software development services company based in Vancouver.
		Orbital is your competitive advantage for innovative software solutions.
	www.orbitaltech.com /schematic.htm (61 words)

	orbital velocity
		The velocity of an object at a given point in its orbit.
		An object moving faster than circular velocity will enter an elliptical orbit with a velocity at any point determined by Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
		If the object moves faster still, it will travel at escape velocity along a parabolic orbit or beyond escape velocity in a hyperbolic orbit.
	daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/O/orbital_velocity.html (175 words)

	Gravity Applications
		Because the velocity is on top of the fraction, satellites are made to move faster if the mass of the central object is greater.
		Sometimes the orbital period P is measured instead of the orbital velocity.
		The concept of escape velocity applies to anything gravitationally attracted to anything else (gas particles in planet atmospheres, comets orbiting the Sun, light trying to escape from fl holes, galaxies orbiting each other, etc.).
	www.astronomynotes.com /gravappl/s8.htm (1720 words)

	Messenger Mission to Mercury
		However, in the case of Messenger, orbital velocity relative to the Sun needs to somehow be decreased.
		A simpler orbital trajectory is possible, at the expense of fuel, and therefore increased budget impact.
		The easiest orbital trajectory to reach orbit around Mercury, from the Earth is to perform a single Hohmann transfer.
	ccar.colorado.edu /asen5050/projects/projects_2004/park (1814 words)

	The Nine Planets Glossary
		a direct, circular, low inclination orbit in which the satellite's orbital velocity is matched to the rotational velocity of the planet; a spacecraft appears to hang motionless above one position of the planet's surface.
		the orbital radius at which the satellite's orbital period is equal to the rotational period of the planet.
		A synchronous satellite with an orbital inclination of zero (same plane as the planet's equator) stays fixed in the sky from the perspective of an observer on the planet's surface (such orbits are commonly used for communications satellites).
	www.nineplanets.org /help.html (4842 words)

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