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| | Mars - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article |
 | | In 2003, methane was apparently discovered in the atmosphere by Earth-based telescopes and possibly confirmed in March 2004 by the Mars Express Orbiter; present measurements state an average methane concentration of about 11±4 ppb by volume (see reference). |
 | | Dozens of spacecraft, including orbiters, landers, and rovers, have been sent to Mars by the Soviet Union, the United States, Europe, and Japan to study the planet's surface, climate, and geography. |
 | | Mars Express Orbiter confirmed the presence of water ice and carbon dioxide ice at the planet's south pole. |
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