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Topic: Orchard mason bee

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	Mason Bee: pictures, information, classification and more (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Mason Bee, common name for solitary bees that build part or all of their nests with mud or plant fiber chewed into a paste.
		Mason bees are common in the western United States, especially in forested regions, but they are also found in many other parts of the northern hemisphere.
		The orchard mason bee is Osmia lignaria, the Japanese hornfaced bee is Osmia cornuta, and the Spanish hornfaced bee is Osmia cornifrons; the blue blueberry bee is Osmia ribifloris.
	www.everythingabout.net /articles/biology/animals/arthropods/insects/bees/mason_bee (502 words)

	The Orchard Mason Bee
		The mason bee is native to the Pacific Northwest and ideally suited to the sometimes wet rainy and cool springs, emerging earlier in the season and working on days that are too rainy for the honeybee.
		Since the mason bees life is devoted solely to laying eggs gathering pollen for it's young they are extremely efficient at pollination.
		When the spring bloom comes you will start to see the mason bees hatching from their nesting blocks, they are not frightened by people so be sure to watch them as they go about their work.
	www.marchbiological.com /L/mason_bee.html (1069 words)

	BEES AT O.T.E. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Orchard Mason bee is one species of solitary bee that normally nests in beetle tunnels in trees, holes in fences, holes in lawn furniture and wooden patios, wooden window casings, anywhere they can find a ready-made hole of approximately 5/16" (7.5mm) They are solitary but gregarious i.e.
		Somehow she is able to determine the gender of the egg and she lays female eggs in the inside of the straws where they are most safe from predators and male eggs on the outer cells of the straws.
		Solitary bees are attracted to pussy willows, early yellow Asteraceae (dandelions, doronicum, groundsel, hawkweed), buttercups, wallflowers, forget-me-nots, violets, plum, cherry, pear, apple, Labiatae (nettles, mints, Lamium), Leguminosae (peas, beans, vetches, clovers), Ericaceae (heath, heather, Pieris, Gaultheria, blueberries, rhododendrons and azaleas), raspberries and flberries, and Umbelliferae (dill, parsely, carrots).
	www.interchg.ubc.ca /wchase/HTML/Bees,Bees,Bees.html (1359 words)

	Douglas County Master Gardeners Newsletter Mason Bees
		The Orchard Mason Bee, or Blue Orchard Bee (Osmia lignaria), usually referred to as Mason Bees or Osmia, is native to Douglas County.
		One of the limiting factors of Mason bee population is the lack of suitable nest holes with a mud supply nearby.
		A mason Bee nest block can be made by drilling a series of 9/32 or 5/16 holes into almost any piece of sound dry wood that is free of cracks, providing it is not treated wood.
	extension.oregonstate.edu /douglas/mg/masonbee.html (1087 words)

	Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Animalia: Arthropoda: Insecta: Hymenoptera: Bees: Osmia
		A genus of solitary bees (the mason bees).
		The Orchard Mason Bee · cached · Devoted solely to laying eggs, gathering pollen and nectar for its young, these bees are extremely efficient at pollination.
		Orchard Mason Bees · cached · The orchard mason bee is slightly smaller than a honey bee and a shiny dark blue in color.
	www.incywincy.com /default?p=583081 (190 words)

	Orchard Mason Bees
		The bee first places a mud plug at the bottom of the hole, then brings in 15 to 20 loads of nectar and pollen which she collects from spring flowers, including apples and other fruits.
		Some wasps and leaf-cutter bees also build nests in such holes but their nests can be distinguished from the orchard mason bee nests by characteristics of the plug.
		Developing large populations of the bees may be a slow process under orchard conditions; the short duration of bloom does not allow the bees to accomplish maximum reproduction.
	www.effectnet.com /dbnsy/mason_bees.htm (1131 words)

	The Smoky Mountain News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		One of the 3,500 wild bees that have come to national attention of late is the Orchard Mason Bee or Osmia lignaria.
		The orchard mason bee is slightly smaller than a honey bee, shiny dark blue in color, and is a gentle beneficial insect that has potential as a pollinator of apples, cherries and other fruit trees.
		Unlike the honey bee, which operates all summer and into the fall, the Orchard Mason is dead by the first of June.
	www.smokymountainnews.com /issues/8_01/8_01_01/out_bees.shtml (966 words)

	Wingsinflight - Attracting and providing housing for Orchard Mason and other Solitary Bees. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The house on the left is a "High Rise" Mason bee house from Beediverse.com with layers of wood routered with 5/16th holes.
		Like Mason Bees and just as fascinating, Leafcutters have a similar nesting style and will nest in the same wooden bee boxes except, as their name suggests, they line their cells with small pieces of leaves instead of mud.
		Like the Mason bee she will nest in pre-made bee houses with holes from 4"-8" deep and will make 12-15 cells, each cell lined with approximately 15 pieces of leaf with a loaf of "bee bread," a mixture of pollen and nectar placed in each cell, on which an egg is laid.
	www.wingsinflight.com /gardbees.html (2035 words)

	The Gentle Bee
		The orchard mason bee is a solitary bee, while the honey bee depends on social organization to raise, feed, protect, and continue its species.
		In comparison, the orchard mason female spends her short life gathering food, laying eggs, packing mud entirely alone, getting no help from the males, or her sister bees who are busy with their own labors.
		The food that sustains the orchard mason bee is of course pollen and nectar from flowers of the trees and plants.
	clark.wsu.edu /mg/gm_tips/GentleBee.html (531 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Orchard Mason Bee The Orchard Mason Bee is the common name of a nonsocial native bee (Osmia lignaria ssp.) that pollinates our spring fruit trees, flowers and vegetables.
		If desired, bee emergence can be delayed for a short period by refrigerating the block in the spring until you are ready for the bees to emerge.
		Orchard Bees are sometimes reared in cardboard tubes, hollow reeds, or straws.
	www.kuow.org /weekday_garden_notes/020417.txt (787 words)

	Bee Guild - Blue Orchard Mason Bees
		These bees are very different from the honey and bumble bees in that they live and propagate in holes in wood.
		The yellow color of the bee on the left is pollen that is being carried to the nest..
		Honey bees have "pollen baskets" on their rear legs for transporting pollen, and it is this difference that makes mason bees a better pollinator.
	www.beeguild.org /mason.htm (748 words)

	BOB Home
		Mason bees are a fascinating wild creature that can be easily encouraged to colonize the backyard garden environment, to the benefit of the gardener, orchardist, homeowner, and nature lover.
		Mason bees are usually the first to colonize the box but are often followed by leafcutting bees if the box is left hanging and there are uncolonized holes.
		Mason bees are becoming popular partly because of the problems honey bees are having with two parasitic mites, the internal tracheal mite and the external varroa mite.
	www.seanet.com /~entomologic/BOB/BOB.html (2016 words)

	Orchard Mason Bees
		The orchard mason bee is usually slightly smaller than a honey bee and a shiny dark blue in color.
		In addition to their value as pollinators, orchard mason bees are fascinating insects for nature study.
		A film and video, The Orchard Mason Bee, depicting the life history and management of the orchard mason bee is available for rent from the WSU Media Materials Services, Holland/New Library, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
	gardening.wsu.edu /library/inse006/inse006.htm (1435 words)

	Orchard Mason Bees
		Orchard Mason Bees (OMB) are now available in limited quantities for people interested in sting-less pollination of their fruit trees, strawberries and blueberries in the spring time
		This photo was taken in late April after the new bees emerged and were foraging and starting to re-fill the tubes with their eggs and pollen/honey mixture.
		These cylinders hold 32 tubes and normally we supply the cylinders with about two or three tubes with bees in them and the rest are empty, ready for the bees to populate them during their pollination period from mid-March to about the end of June.
	home.att.net /~HVGreen/omb.htm (1166 words)

	BEE GARDEN
		Bees can be moved overnight with some success from an orchard going out of bloom to one coming in to bloom, but they must be moved at least 3 miles to force them to reorient.
		All bees need pollen as food for their offspring, and will not be attracted to double flowers unless they happen to produce lots of nectar.
		Long-tongued bumble bees are attracted to flowers with deep corollas and hidden nectar spurs, as in larkspur, delphinium, monkshood, jewelweed, bergamot, columbine, blue and yellow penstemons, false dragonhead, mimulus, and snapdragon.
	www.pollinatorparadise.com /Solitary_Bees/beegarden.htm (1523 words)

	Mason Bees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		These hard-working little bees only live for up to to eight weeks in the spring, usually from the middle of March to the middle of May. This timing is perfect for fruit trees and berries.
		One of the limiting factors on the Mason bee population is the lack of suitable nest holes.
		Another way we can benefit all species of bees is to consider bee welfare when spraying pesticides Try to follow the general guidelines of not spraying plants when they are blooming, don't spray when the wind is blowing, and mow flowering weeds before spraying them.
	members.aol.com /beetools/mason.htm (1116 words)

	Bees
		When she has found a suitable nest, the bee first places a mud plug at the bottom of the hole then brings in 15 to 20 loads of nectar and pollen which she collects from spring flowers, including apples and other fruits.
		The plug of the mason bee is always rough while the wasp prepares a smooth plug.
		These bees are not aggressive and you can observe them at very close range without fear of being stung, however, be careful when walking near the bee house as male bees often swarm the female when she emerges and they tumble to the ground.
	www.minifarmhomestead.com /Critters/Bees.htm (654 words)

	WBU Education - Bees (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		An Orchard Mason Bee is a small fl bee native to the United States and Canada west of the Rocky Mountains.
		Orchard Mason Bees were pollinating flower and fruits long before Honey Bees were introduced by the colonists.
		Orchard Mason Bees differ from Honey Bees in that they do not make their own holes and are dependent on others for a nest site.
	www.wbu.com /edu/bees.htm (373 words)

	Orchard Mason Bees & Homes
		The Orchard Mason Bee is the common name of a nonsocial native bee (Osmia lignaria ssp.) that pollinates our spring fruit trees, flowers and vegetables.
		Orchard Mason Bees are narture's best pollinators, and they are unable to excavate their own holes for nesting.
		Of the more than 20,000 species of bees, two of the most common are the blue orchard bee and the horn-faced bee.
	www.catsanddogspa.com /masonbees.html (675 words)

	Mason Bees Main
		Like all bees, mason bees collect flower pollen as a protein source for their young and get their energy from flower nectar.
		Mason bees tend to "go away" from such nest blocks after the first year or two.
		The new bees in the nests can be safely stored in a cool environment until it is time for them to begin the nesting cycle and pollinate.
	www.farminfo.org /bees/mason-bees-m.htm (1167 words)

	Schrodt Designs - Mason Bee Box (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Small, blue-fl Mason Bees are nature's mild mannered, peaceful pollinators that bring bountiful harvests to gardens and orchards.
		The Orchard Mason Bee population has not been affected and is the planet’s most effective pollinator.
		Mason Bees are unable to tunnel holes for their nests - they rely on existing holes of the right size.
	www.aplantshome.com /shrodtbeebox.html (175 words)

	Super Pollinator.com - Home
		The bees collect mud to divide the cells and plug the hole, hence the term “Mason”.
		The Mason Bee is about 2/3 the size of a Honey Bee.
		Mason Bees are extremely docile because they have no colony or Queen to defend.
	www.superpollinator.com (156 words)

	Blue Orchard Bee may be the answer to the honey bee mite infestation
		Nesting boxes provide these bees with much needed nesting sites and can be manufactured either from a 4” x 4” wooden block or wooden trays with channels cut into one side that are then stacked to form a single nesting unit.
		Blue Orchard bees show a preference for sunny sites as long as their nesting holes are shaded.
		The Blue Orchard Bee is only 2/3 the size of the honey bee, that is approximately 1/2 of an inch.
	www.island.net /~cclt/bluebee.htm (1135 words)

	Bee House
		The height is not that important, the bees seem to nest in straws anywhere from three to 20' above ground, but put it at eye level so you can watch the bees in action.
		Each female orchard mason bee will use about two and a half of the six inch straws per season.
		They allow the maturing bees to develop in a clean environment, they allow for easy inspection of infection, and they also prolong the life of your Bee House.
	www.minifarmhomestead.com /cooking/beehouse.htm (410 words)

	The Orchard Mason bee can be an effective pollinator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The Orchard Mason bee is the common name of a nonsocial native bee (Osmia lignaria) that pollinates fruit trees, flowers, and vegetables.
		With the declining feral or wild bee population, the Orchard Mason bee can be easily attracted to pollinate crop plants.
		It is a gentle, shiny blue-fl metallic bee, and slightly smaller than a honey bee.
	www.virtualorchard.net /glfgn/february1998/masonbee.html (890 words)

	Solitary Bees: An Addition to Honey Bees
		The orchard mason bee, also called the Blue Orchard Bee, Osmia lignaria, is a native US species found in most parts of the country, and also widely used for orchard pollination.
		Solitary bees do not produce honey or wax, but they are relatively docile and not apt to sting, they are immune from tracheal and varroa mite attack, and they can be reared quite easily by homeowners and farmers.
		Solitary Bees for Orchard Pollination (Suzanne Batra, 1997)
	www.pollinatorparadise.com /Solitary_Bees/SOLITARY.HTM (842 words)

	Mites on Mason Bees
		Some bees may be unable to fly, and fall to the ground to become ant food in an untimely way.
		These bees are infested with Krombein's hairy-footed mite, Chaetodactylus krombeini (Chaetodactylidae), a native parasite and phoretic "hitchhiker" of cavity nesting bees in the family Megachilidae (leafcutting bees, mason bees, etc.).
		The USDA Bee Biology and Systematics Lab in Logan, Utah is aware of the problem, and may soon include the hairy-footed mite in its research program.
	crawford.tardigrade.net /bugs/BugofMonth35.html (1049 words)

	Building a Bee House - Backyard Wildlife Habitat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		It does not live in a nest like other bees; it lives in wooden blocks, but does not drill holes and destroy wooden items like other bees.
		With a drill bit of various sizes (5/16th of an inch works best for Mason bees) simply take some scrap lumber and drill holes 3 to 5 inches deep but not all the way through the wood block.
		Be sure to be cautious of the use of insecticides around bees and especially during open bloom.
	www.nwf.org /backyardwildlifehabitat/beehouse.cfm (328 words)

	Mason Bee (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Common in the American west, mason bees often display a metallic-green or blue color.
		The approximately 200 species of mason bees live in nests built of mud or chewed plant fiber.
		Many fruit farmers cultivate the orchard mason-bee as an aid in the pollination of fruit orchards.
	www.everythingabout.net /articles/biology/animals/arthropods/insects/bees/mason_bee/mason_bee.html (47 words)

	Tree Fruit Leader, Vol. 4(1) Mar. 1995 - Bees and Pollination
		Females lay their eggs at this time and the new generation of bees undergoes development throughout the rest of the season, remaining in diapause throughout the winter months waiting for spring to arrive.
		We decided to work the lignaria because of potential honey bee shortages due to the two new parasitic honey bee mites, now established in B.C., which have caused so many problems in the U.S. Questions still need to be answered before lignaria can be used successfully for commercial pollination.
		It is written in two sections, one for growers and one for beekeepers and covers all the issues important to both groups, including orchard design for pollination, things to consider when renting bees, managing bees for pollination, when to remove bees, the basis for rental costs and other insect pollinators.
	www.agf.gov.bc.ca /treefrt/newslett/bees_pollination.htm (1234 words)

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