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Topic: Orchidectomy

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Orchiectomy

Castration

Chemical castration

Genital mutilation

Posthectomy

Apotemnophilia

Frenectomy

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	Neutering cats - dog - cat - pet encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An orchidectomy should be considered for any unneutered male cat, in order to prevent unwanted reproduction and undesirable behaviors such as spraying and roaming.
		Orchidectomy, or neutering, is a procedure commonly performed on male cats for ethical, behavioral, and medical purposes.
		In an orchidectomy, the testicles are removed by a surgical procedure that may vary depending on their location.
	www.pets.ca /encyclopedia/neuter_cat.htm (643 words)

	orchidectomy - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Orchidectomy is the surgical removal of the testes.
		Subcapsular orchidectomy is used as a treatment for prostatic cancer, where it may be considered a form of hormonal manipulation.
		Both testes are removed, but the testicular capsules are left in-situ and fill with blood clot which preserves the scrotal contour.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-1060110300.htm (133 words)

	Welcome to Mission MedVet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An orchidectomy should be considered for any unneutered male cat, in order to prevent unwanted reproduction and undesirable behaviors such as spraying and roaming.
		Orchidectomy, or neutering, is a procedure commonly performed on male cats for ethical, behavioral, and medical purposes.
		In an orchidectomy, the testicles are removed by a surgical procedure that may vary depending on their location.
	www.missionmedvet.com /encyclopedia/neutering_feline.htm (634 words)

	Second Type Woman - Orchidectomy (castration) for the Transsexual Woman
		However, a Bilateral Orchidectomy (removal of both testes) is a serious alternative to antiandrogen therapy for androgen suppression in preoperative transsexual women, and is now widely regarded as a useful precursor to SRS in many cases.
		Orchidectomy also represents a viable and very effective (though irreversible) treatment for gender dysphoric pre-pubertal boys, preventing the onset of the masculinising changes of adolescence.
		If you are considering an orchidectomy as a preliminary to sex re-assignment surgery, then it's important to note that some popular surgeons are very reluctant to carry out SRS on patients who have already had an orchidectomy.
	transwoman.tripod.com /orchidectomy.htm (3650 words)

	Australian Prescriber - The management of prostate cancer
		The major advantages of orchidectomy are the rapid onset of its effects and the reduction in the need for repeated visits for treatment.
		The efficacy of LHRH agonists is identical to that of orchidectomy, although the onset of action is slower.
		Orchidectomy is more effective than a luteinising hormone releasing hormone agonist in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer.
	www.australianprescriber.com /magazine/19/1/22/4 (2066 words)

	GENDYS Conference 1994: Orchidectomy as a preliminary procedure prior to gender reassignment surgery
		Orchidectomy as a preliminary procedure prior to gender reassignment surgery.
		It seemed to me that the decision this patient took to undergo orchidectomy was certainly correct for him at that time, and it remains to be seen just what happens in the future.
		The orchidectomy was carried out six months ago, and since then he has been off work more often than he has worked.
	www.gender.org.uk /conf/1994/reid94.htm (2794 words)

	Hormone Therapy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Subsequently Nesbit and Baum treated 263 patients by orchidectomy and/or DES (diethyl stilboestrol).The three and five year survival rates of 34% and 17% compared favourably with 11% and 6% survival rates in untreated control groups from the pre hormonal era.
		Orchidectomy plus DES Placebo patients showing progression were treated with delayed hormonal therapy (75% in stage C and 100% in stage D).
		This concept, involving orchidectomy or LHRH agonists to reduce circulating testosterone to castrate levels, uses anti androgens to block the remaining adrenal androgens derived from the adrenal gland.
	www.prostatepointers.org /prostate/cleeve.html (2367 words)

	Transsexualism
		Bilateral orchidectomy is a possible alternative to antiandrogen therapy or GnRH agonists for androgen suppression in preoperative transsexual subjects.
		Orchidectomy as a precursor to GRS is now widely regarded as a useful procedure in properly selected patients.
		Patients who undergo augmentation mammoplasty prior to orchidectomy or GRS should bear in mind that a 'growth spurt' to the breasts is often reported once the testes have been removed.
	members.tripod.com /bi_gender/Medical.htm (12085 words)

	GENDYS Conference 1996: Orchidectomy As A First Stage Towards Gender Reassignment: A Positive Option
		This study suggests that orchidectomy is a valuable option prior to eventual gender reassignment surgery in persons with gender dysphoria who are intolerant to Androcur, have a particular revulsion for their testes, or are for whatever reason, unable to proceed with GRS within a reasonable period of time.
		Since bilateral orchidectomy can and should be considered when gender dysphoric persons are not in a position to start their real life test, this clearly breaches the present Harry Benjamin Guidelines which I would suggest need urgent revision because of this.
		The effects of bilateral orchidectomy can be partially reversed in the sense that realistic prosthetic testes can be reinserted in the scrotum, and replacement testosterone in the form of Sustanon injections every two or three weeks can restore physiological levels of testosterone along with the restoration of libido and potency.
	www.gender.org.uk /conf/1996/reid96.htm (1300 words)

	Orchiectomy resources
		This medical procedure is also called orchidectomy or gonadectomy and is commonly known as castration or by the abbreviations "orch," "orchi," "orchy," and "orchie." Bilateral orchiectomy involves removal of both testicles, which eliminates the sources of androgen production.
		This procedure is most often performed by urologists or endocrinologists and is sometimes done for treatment of prostate cancer and testicular cancer in non-trans patients.
		Orchidectomy is less drastic than vaginoplasty, but it has historically been difficult for transwomen to obtain it.
	www.tsroadmap.com /physical/orchiectomy/index.html (568 words)

	Orchidectomy and Oestrogen Therapy Revisited
		Orchidectomy is a simple surgical procedure, and patient survival is comparable with other treatments involving androgen ablation.
		Osteoporosis, loss of muscle mass, and the psychological impact associated with orchidectomy are of concern, particularly with increasing treatment periods.
		Nevertheless, orchidectomy is indicated when an immediate reduction of testosterone levels is required, or the patient does not comply with other treatments or objects to the cost of medical therapy.
	content.karger.com /ProdukteDB/produkte.asp?Aktion=ShowFulltext&ProduktNr=224083&Ausgabe=227831&ArtikelNr=52290 (263 words)

	UROLOG
		Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of a data base from a Dutch multicenter study on prostatic carcinoma was done to determine the prognostic value of a flare in alkaline phosphatase activity after orchidectomy in 112 patients with metastatic (75%) or locally advanced (25%) disease.
		A flare in alkaline phosphatase activity after orchidectomy demonstrated an early significant prognostic value for progression-free survival, independent of the serum alkaline phosphatase activity.
		Measuring the flare in alkaline phosphatase activity within 1 month of orchidectomy may permit early identification of patients in whom the disease is likely to progress rapidly and who would potentially benefit from aggressive treatment.
	www.urolog.nl /urolog/theses/theses.php?doc=pelger&profmenu=yes (1475 words)

	Hormonal Therapy/Androgen Deprivation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Orchidectomy is the surgical removal of one or both of the testes under regional, local or light general anaesthetic; bilateral orchidectomy refers to the removal of both testes.
		Orchidectomy is a simple surgical procedure with a low morbidity rate; the main complications are haematoma (blood clot in the tissues) and wound infections, together with loss of libido, erectile dysfunction and hot flushes.
		However, the psychological and cosmetic impact of the procedure means that many surgeons prefer to offer sub-capsular orchidectomy, in which the main testosterone-producing central part of the testis is removed, but the rim is left in the scrotum.
	www.prostateline.com /prostatelinehcp/9898_9795_6_2_1.aspx (1625 words)

	INABIS '98 - Microvascular Adaptations to Reduced Blood Flow: Introduction of a New Model
		The orchidectomy model was designed to reduce the work demand of the cremaster and secondarily cause a reduction in blood flow through the cremaster microcirculation without changing blood pressure or disturbing the perfusion capability of the vessels.
		Furthermore, both cremaster muscles were exposed to the same circulating levels of testosterone and temperature after unilateral orchidectomy, indicating that the cremaster muscle on the orchidectomy side was exposed to the same conditions as the control side, except for a decreased work load.
		These results are also concordant with previous experiments in which we treated one kidney-one clip hypertensive rats with captopril and found the same relationship between arteriolar internal diameter and cross-sectional wall area regardless of whether the animals were hypertensive, normotensive, or growth-inhibited (12).
	www.mcmaster.ca /inabis98/prewitt/wang0894/five.html (1237 words)

	Gonadectomy
		An orchidectomy is often performed at some point before adulthood in AIS in order to avoid a small risk of cancerous changes.
		Some clinicians justify this by claiming to spare the patient the ostensible psychological trauma of 'knowing too much' or, where there is a single parent, advising that the possibility of an accident might leave the child to fare for herself not knowing her need for surgery.
		Some clinicians recommend that orchidectomy be postponed until after secondary sexual development is completed (Manuel et al and Marshchak et al), due to the low likelihood of tumour development before puberty and the fact that the testes produce enough oestrogen at puberty to stimulate breast development.
	www.medhelp.org /ais/32_GDCTOMY.HTM (2200 words)

	Clinical Trials (PDQ®) - National Cancer Institute
		Determine whether there is a difference between two schedules of CT scan surveillance in respect to stage of disease at relapse, survival, the investigation determining relapse, and incidence of second malignancies in patients with stage I testicular teratoma after orchidectomy.
		After orchidectomy, patients are randomized into two schedules (arms I and II) of CT scan follow up.
		Patients are followed monthly for the first year after orchidectomy, then every 2 months for the second year, then every 3 months for the third year, and then every 4-6 months thereafter.
	www.cancer.gov /clinicaltrials/MRC-TE08 (474 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Orchidectomy
		Orchidectomy Information on the signs, symptoms & treatment of orchidectomy
		My GP thought I'd just got a knock on the rugby field, but months later I was fighting testicular cancer; ME AND MY OPERATION RADICAL ORCHIDECTOMY.
		Orchidectomy Research treatment procedures, side-effects, risks, and results.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Orchidectomy (208 words)

	XIII. SYSTEMIC THERAPIES
		Historically, bilateral orchidectomy has been the reference treatment for advanced prostate cancer which, by targeting the major source of androgen production, dramatically diminishes the number of tumour epithelial cells and accompanying neovasculature.
		An increased cardiovascular morbidity was reported to be present with the oral form of oestrogens even in patients without overt cardiovascular disease affecting one quarter of such patients during their first year of treatment (579).
		Since bilateral orchidectomy and LHRH analogue treatment address testicular androgen production exclusively and a small contribution to overall androgen levels is made by adrenal androgens, CAB was initiated.
	www.endotext.org /male/male10/ch01s13.html (7135 words)

	Annual Report 1999-2000
		The effects of orchidectomy on bone metabolism in male beagle dogs were examined using twelve 2 year-old dogs that were orchidectomized.
		The serum biochemical constituents related to bone metabolism were exam ined before and every month after orchidectomy Between 1 and 6 months after orchidectomy, the value of serum testosterone decreased (1 month) while the levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, total calcium, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly, indicating a high bone turnover.
		These resuits indicate that a loss of bone volume accompanied the fall in sex hormone levels following orchidectomy and suggest that the orchidectomized dog is available as an animal model for studying osteoporosis caused by hypogonadism and the decline of sex functions in male humans.
	www.nirs.go.jp /report/nene/h11/3/028.htm (285 words)

	Orchidectomy and Prostate Cancer
		Orchidectomy is also known as surgical castration or orchiectomy and entails the removal of a man’s testicles.
		Orchidectomy is a type of prostate cancer hormone therapy which is nonreversible.
		Historically, orchidectomy was the only type of hormone therapy available for the treatment of prostate cancer; hormone therapy, therefore was used only after every other treatment option had been exhausted.
	www.prostate-cancer.com /prostate-cancer-glossary/orchidectomy.html (130 words)

	The patient’s choice of androgen-deprivation therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer: bicalutamide, a ...
		The majority of patients wanted to take part in the study, discussed the alternatives with their partner or relatives and were sure about their choice.
		The most important reasons for choosing bicalutamide were the avoidance of injections or surgery, a lower risk of impaired sexual life and impotence and the possibility of changing treatment.
		With respect to GnRHa therapy the negative attitude to surgery/tablets and the simpler injection every 3 months were important and for orchidectomy the avoidance of injections/tablets and “quick” results were identified as important reasons.
	www.casodex.net /13377_18957___.aspx (349 words)

	Orchidectomy
		If he has a carcinoma of his prostate, and you decide not to treat him with oestrogens, you can remove both of them, either by doing a total orchidectomy or a subcapsular one.
		If you do the latter, you can tell him that you are only removing ''the part of the testicle which produces the hormones', which may be more acceptable to him.
		ORCHIDECTOMY [s7]FOR CHRONIC INFECTION (rare) If you do not suspect malignancy, and there is an overlying skin lesion on his scrotum, arange your incision so as to excise this, and remove it attached to the structures under it.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /dtc/primsurg/docbook/html/x8356.html (674 words)

	General
		Prior to these experiments the vascularisation of the testis, epididymis and gubernaculum had been studied to develop a method of orchidectomy, in which the vascularisation of the gubernaculum and epididymis was minimally damaged.
		After bilateral orchidectomy at birth, the descent of the remaining epididymis from an intra-abdominal to an extra-abdominal position was retarded, due to retarded regression of the gubernaculum.
		Between 1 and 6 months after orchidectomy, the value of serum testosterone decreased (1 month), while the levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, total calcium, osteocalcin, and alkaline phosphatase activity increased significantly, indicating a high bone turnover.
	www.nal.usda.gov /awic/pubs/SpayNeuter/general.htm (7690 words)

	Second Type Woman - My Sexuality
		Since the orchidectomy my occasional but sometimes strong inclinations to revert to male have ceased and I find that I now automatically consider myself as female in gender sensitive situations, although I'm not sure how much of that is due to the growing relationship with my boyfriend which has become so important to me.
		The orchidectomy was a wonderful move mentally and physically, and it also took away the feeling that that I should have SRS because it was expected of me.
		When we got engaged in February 2004, I immediately booked my surgery, I felt that it would be wrong for me to marry as a woman without being able to consummate the marriage as a woman and that an overwhelming important reason for me to have my surgery had wonderfully occurred.
	transwoman.tripod.com /mysexuality.htm (2772 words)

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