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Topic: Orchiectomy

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	Orchiectomy - Definition, Purpose, Demographics, Description, Diagnosis/preparation, Aftercare, Risks, Normal results, ...
		Orchiectomy is the surgical removal of one or both testicles, or testes, in the human male.
		An orchiectomy is sometimes done to prevent cancer when an undescended testicle is found in a patient who is beyond the age of puberty.
		Orchiectomy performed as part of cancer therapy may be done in a hospital under general anesthesia, but is most often done as an outpatient procedure in a urology clinic or similar facility.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /La-Pa/Orchiectomy.html (3174 words)

	Orchiectomy
		Orchiectomy is the surgical operation that removes the testes (testicles) in a male.
		Having an orchiectomy before SRS is a cost effective way to begin the process of transitioning to the new gender as it is usually a far cheaper surgery than SRS ($2000.00 - 4000.00 compared to $6000.00 - 25000.00 for SRS).
		It is important that the scrotum remain in place after orchiectomy in order that it may be used later in vaginoplasty (the operation that creates the external female genitalia).
	www.felixspector.com /orchiectomy.htm (202 words)

	Radical inguinal orchiectomy for testicular cancer
		Orchiectomy is the most effective way to remove cancerous tumors of the testicles.
		In some cases, orchiectomy is followed by additional surgery to remove cancer that has spread or by adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
		Orchiectomy surgery is relatively low-risk, and complications are uncommon.
	www.webmd.com /cancer/radical-inguinal-orchiectomy-for-testicular-cancer (699 words)

	Orchiectomy: Encyclopedia of Surgery
		Orchiectomy is the surgical removal of one or both testicles, or testes, in the human male.
		The removal of both testicles is known as a bilateral orchiectomy, or castration, because the person is no longer able to reproduce.
		An orchiectomy is done to treat cancer or, for other reasons, to lower the level of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, in the body.
	health.enotes.com /surgery-encyclopedia/orchiectomy (144 words)

	Radical inguinal orchiectomy for testicular cancer, SVCMC; New York NY
		An orchiectomy is a common treatment for testicular cancer.
		In some cases, orchiectomy is followed by additional surgery to remove cancer that has spread or by adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
		Orchiectomy surgery is relatively low-risk, and complications are uncommon.
	www.svcmc.org /13475.cfm (544 words)

	Orchiectomy
		Orchiectomy is the removal of the testicles, a man's main source of testosterone, which prostate cancer usually needs to continue growing.
		Orchiectomy may help relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and prolong survival for advanced prostate cancer.
		Orchiectomy often causes the tumor to shrink and relieves bone pain.
	www.peacehealth.org /kbase/topic/detail/surgical/hw77950/detail.htm (210 words)

	Osteoporosis after orchiectomy for prostate cancer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A total of 235 men with nonstage A prostate cancer diagnosed between 1983 and 1990 was analyzed for therapeutic orchiectomy, other osteoporotic risk factors and subsequent hospital treatment for osteoporotic fractures.
		Of the 16 men surviving for longer than 60 months after orchiectomy 6 had osteoporotic fractures, as did 5 of 6 and 5 of 7 with a bone mineral density of less than 0.70 gm./cm.2 and less than 75% of normal for age, respectively.
		Orchiectomy for prostate cancer is frequently followed by severe osteoporosis, some of which had developed before castration.
	www.meb.uni-bonn.de /cgi-bin/mycite?ExtRef=MEDL/97149519 (272 words)

	Orchiectomy
		Orchiectomy is the removal of the testicles, a man's main source of testosterone, which prostate cancer usually needs to continue growing.
		Orchiectomy may help relieve symptoms, prevent complications, and prolong survival for advanced prostate cancer.
		Orchiectomy often causes the tumor to shrink and relieves bone pain.
	www.webmd.com /prostate-cancer/orchiectomy (351 words)

	Orchiectomy resources
		This procedure is most often performed by urologists or endocrinologists and is sometimes done for treatment of prostate cancer and testicular cancer in non-trans patients.
		Because an orchiectomy is irreversible, you must make sure you understand your reproductive options before undergoing this procedure.
		Some physicians who perform the procedure for the general population may be willing to perform orchiectomies for selected women in our community, though they may require a letter from a therapist or other documentation.
	www.tsroadmap.com /physical/orchiectomy (574 words)

	Prostate Cancer Info : education, support, male hormone therapy, PSA tests, antiandrogens
		Orchiectomy or surgical castration is the surgical removal of the testes, which produce about 95% of the body’s testosterone.
		The goal of an orchiectomy is to deprive the prostate cancer cells of testosterone, thereby causing the cancer to shrink and/or prevent further growth of the tumor.
		LHRH analogs and orchiectomy prevent testosterone production from the testes; however, they do not suppress the production of androgens that are secreted by the adrenal glands.
	www.prostateinfo.com /patient/treatment/hormone.asp (1389 words)

	Orchiectomy (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Orchiectomy is removal of the (internal) testicle from the (outer) scrotum, leaving the scrotum.
		Orchiectomy is the standard procedure for treating testicular cancer.
		Orchiectomy also has a place in prostate cancer treatment, as a means of preventing production of testosterone.
	tjsamson.client.web-health.com /web-health/topics/MensHealth/MensHealthSub/Cancer/orchiectomy.html (754 words)

	Orchiectomy Markedly Reduces the Concentration of the Three Isoforms of Transforming Growth Factor {beta} in Rat Bone, ...
		Orchiectomy Markedly Reduces the Concentration of the Three Isoforms of Transforming Growth Factor {beta} in Rat Bone, and Reduction Is Prevented by Testosterone -- Gill et al.
		Orchiectomy Markedly Reduces the Concentration of the Three Isoforms of Transforming Growth Factor ß in Rat Bone, and Reduction Is Prevented by Testosterone
		Rats underwent sham operation (sham) or orchiectomy and, a week later, were given either placebo or 100 mg testosterone in 60-day slow-release pellets implanted sc at the back of the neck.
	endo.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/139/2/546 (2587 words)

	Prostate Cancer Resources and Information \| OncoLink
		The goal of an orchiectomy is to shrink the prostate cancer and/or prevent future growth of the tumor by removing the source upon which it depends (testosterone).
		Orchiectomy is not reversible, and in some cases may require hospitalization.
		Nilandron is approved for use in combination with orchiectomy procedures in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (Stage D2).
	www.oncolink.upenn.edu /types/article.cfm?c=16&s=57&ss=449&id=5988 (1563 words)

	Orchiectomy For Transsexuals
		Whether or not orchiectomy will benefit you depends largely on how long it will be before you have your SRS surgery, or whether or not you will have it at all.
		Orchiectomy alone did halt further loss of my head hair, but my own hair loss had already progressed too far for androgen blockers to be of any significant benefit.
		Orchiectomy surgery should be done for personal comfort, not to pressure a doctor or therapist into providing hormones or other treatment.
	www.geocities.com /sherrylanina/OrchiectomyTrans.html (4646 words)

	Bilateral Orchiectomy Surgery - Bilateral Orchidectomy Surgery - Surgical Castration
		Orchiectomy, also known as Orchidectomy or Castration is a surgical procedure to remove one or both testicles in men.
		Orchiectomy is not a cure for prostate cancer however, it increases the rate of survival.
		Orchiectomy is an effective way to remove testicular tumor and may or may not need chemotherapy or radiation therapy after the operation.
	www.medsolution.com /surgery_urogen-orchiectomy.asp (1045 words)

	ACS :: Hormone (Androgen Deprivation) Therapy
		Orchiectomy: In this operation, the surgeon removes the testicles, where more than 90% of the androgens, mostly testosterone, are made.
		Possible side effects of orchiectomy are generally related to changing levels of hormones in the body.
		Even after orchiectomy or during treatment with LHRH analogs, a small amount of androgens is still made by the adrenal glands.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_4X_Androgen_Suppression_Hormone_Therapy_36.asp?sitearea= (1455 words)

	Relative Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Methods of Androgen Suppression in the Treatment of Advanced Prostatic ...
		An initial analysis was performed to determine whether the results of orchiectomy and diethylstilbestrol are comparable and thus whether it is valid to pool studies in which the control arms used either of these monotherapies.
		The meta-analysis found that the hazard ratio relative to orchiectomy was 1.2158 for nonsteroidal antiandrogens as a class (95 percent confidence interval 0.988 to 1.496), compared to 0.9835 for DES (95 percent confidence interval 0.764 to 1.267), and 1.1262 for LHRH agonists (95 percent confidence interval 0.915 to 1.386).
		Orchiectomy and DES are used infrequently in the United States, as regimens that are more expensive have grown in popularity.
	www.ahrq.gov /clinic/epcsums/prossumm.htm (3742 words)

	Orchiectomy Information on Healthline
		Surgical removal of a testicle is the usual treatment if a tumor is found within the gland itself, but an orchiectomy may also be performed to treat prostate cancer or cancer of the male breast, as testosterone causes these cancers to grow and metastasize (spread to other parts of the body).
		An orchiectomy is sometimes done to prevent cancer when an undescended testicle is found in a patient who is beyond the age of puberty.
		The operation is similar to a simple orchiectomy, with the exception that the glandular tissue is removed from the lining of each testicle rather than the entire gland being removed.
	www.healthline.com /galecontent/orchiectomy-1 (757 words)

	Treatment of Testicular Cancer: Stage, Orchiectomy, Radiation,
		If a tumor called a seminoma is found, treatment will probably be surgery to remove the testis (radical inguinal orchiectomy), followed by external-beam radiation to the lymph nodes in the abdomen.
		Radical inguinal orchiectomy and removal of some of the lymph nodes in the abdomen (lymph node dissection).
		Radical inguinal orchiectomy and removal of the lymph nodes in the abdomen (lymph node dissection).
	www.tc-cancer.com /treatment.html (727 words)

	The TCRC Orchiectomy Page
		There is no therapeutic reason to do this, but we have found that it may be useful to know this number at some point in the future.
		This is particularly important for people who have been diagnosed with "clinical stage I nonseminomatous germ cell cancer" as you may be eligible for surveillance depending on the specifics (and accuracy) of the report.
		In any event, the orchiectomy is a fairly simple but necessary operation in your initial stage of the TC experience.
	tcrc.acor.org /orch.html (1624 words)

	eMedicine - Orchiectomy, Radical : Article by Frank Papanikolaou, MD
		A radical orchiectomy is indicated in the management of a suspected testicular tumor.
		After treatment with radical orchiectomy and external-beam radiation therapy, the 5-year disease-free survival rate is 98% for stage I tumors and 92-94% for stage IIA tumors.
		Inguinal orchiectomy and high spermatic cord ligation remain the standard of care for diagnosis and initial management of testicular cancer.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic3063.htm (2527 words)

	Orchiectomy \| Prostate Cancer Information \| UPMC Cancer Centers
		Orchiectomy is the surgical removal of the testicles, which produce the majority of the body’s testosterone.
		Orchiectomy is a relatively simple surgery that is usually performed as an outpatient procedure.
		The primary risks of orchiectomy, infection and bleeding, are extremely rare occurrences.
	www.upmccancercenters.com /cancer/prostate/hormoneorchtherapy.html (741 words)

	Printed from www.familyUrology.org - a publication of the AFUD. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In a group of 54 men who underwent a one-side orchiectomy for a variety of reasons, including undescended testicles, cancer and trauma, the fraction of men with normal sperm counts and those with poor sperm, or no sperm in their semen, were no different among all causes.
		In a study of 200 men after orchiectomy and before further treatment for stage I or II testis tumors, Berthelsen and Skakkebaek observed a very low median sperm concentration of 7.5 million/mL.
		Carroll et al reported that of the patients in a three-year surveillance after orchiectomy, three out of four patients who had severe low sperm counts at the beginning of the study presented with normal semen parameters.
	www.familyurology.org /article.asp?DocID=176 (3990 words)

	Orchiectomy and Prostate Cancer
		Orchiectomy is also known as surgical castration or orchidectomy and entails the removal of a man’s testicles.
		Orchiectomy is a type or prostate cancer hormone therapy which is nonreversible.
		Historically, orchiectomy was the only type of hormone therapy available for the treatment of prostate cancer; hormone therapy, therefore was used only after every other treatment option has been exhausted.
	www.prostate-cancer.com /prostate-cancer-glossary/orchiectomy.html (130 words)

	Use of orchiectomy and testosterone replacement to explore meal number-to-meal size relationship in male rats -- Chai ...
		Use of orchiectomy and testosterone replacement to explore meal number-to-meal size relationship in male rats -- Chai et al.
		Table 1 summarizes changes in mean body weights after orchiectomy, sham operation, and after testosterone replacement therapy.
		Effect of orchiectomy and testosterone replacement therapy on 24-h feeding pattern (means ± SE) in orchiectomized rats (n = 8) and sham-operated controls (n = 7).
	ajpregu.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/276/5/R1366 (4455 words)

	Abstract - Testicular Cancer Therapies
		During an orchiectomy, which requires general anesthesia, the surgeon makes an incision in the groin area, pushes the testicle up, divides the testicle from its blood supply, and removes the testicle through the incision.
		An orchiectomy performed before cancer has spread outside of lymph nodes near the testicles has a 95 percent cure rate.
		Following an orchiectomy, the physician will instruct the patient to remain in bed for 24 hours and to wear scrotal support for 2 to 3 days.
	www.marinurology.com /handler.cfm?event=practice,template&cpid=11354 (713 words)

	USNews.com: Health: Prostate Cancer: Surgical castration
		Surgical removal of the testicles, known as bilateral orchiectomy, is the easiest and oldest way to interrupt the effect of testosterone on prostate cancer cells.
		In a variation of this procedure, called a subcapsular orchiectomy, only the contents of the testicles are removed.
		Because it is so effective, orchiectomy is the standard to which all other hormone therapies are compared.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/health/cancer/prostate/pros.treat.hormone.surg.htm (360 words)

	U-M CCC - Treatment of Advanced Systemic Disease First-line therapies (Site not responding. Last check: )
		These include the lack of compliance problems or the need to adjust dose to the patient's metabolic state, and the absence of the potentially fatal cardiovascular complications that are often seen with high-dose estrogen therapy.
		These agents spare the patient the psy-chological trauma of an orchiectomy and also are devoid of the cardiovascularside effects associated with estrogen treatment (Table 3).
		This can be accomplished bv orchiectomy or the use of depot injections of leuprolide (7.5 mg SC monthly) or goserelin (3.6 mg SC monthly).
	p53.cancer.med.umich.edu /prostcan/proadvancedfirst.htm (814 words)

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