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Topic: Order of Calatrava

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	Order of Calatrava - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Papal bull confirming the Order of Calatrava as a Militia is given by Pope Alexander III on September 26, 1164.
		However, the Order of Calatrava owes its origin not to any deliberately prepared plan, but to fortuitous circumstances, the recital of which would seem to be mere romance if the teller, Rodrigo of Toledo, did not add that he himself had known in his youth the hero of the story.
		Calatrava was subject not to Cîteaux, but to Morimond in Burgundy, the mother-house of Fitero, from which Calatrava had sprung.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Order_of_Calatrava (2779 words)

	Encyclopedia: Order of Calatrava
		The Order of Cistercians (OCist) (Latin Cistercenses), otherwise Gimey or White Monks (from the colour of the habit, over which is worn a fl scapular or apron) are a Catholic order of monks.
		Unfortunately, like the other military orders, the knights of Alcántara were inevitably drawn into the civil wars between the Kings of Aragón, Castille, León and Navarre, despite the fact that they were in breach of their vows only to take up arms against the infidel.
		The order was defeated by the Almohades at Alarcos in 1195 and then took the name of the new stronghold of Salvatierra which was lost to the Moslems in 1209.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Order-of-Calatrava (4590 words)

	Order of Montjoie - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The period of the Crusades, when so many Christians were in danger of falling into the hands of infidels, witnessed the rise of religious orders and Christian military orders who vowed to do this work, which they regarded as pious.
		In the thirteenth century there is mention of an order of Montjoie, founded for this purpose in Spain, but its existence was brief, as it was established in 1180 and united in 1221 with the Order of Calatrava.
		The headquarter of the order was situated in MONTJOIE castle on a hill near Jerusalem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Order_of_Montjoie (266 words)

	Military Order of Calatrava
		Calatrava is the Arabic name of a castle recovered from the Moslems, in 1147, by the King of Castile, Alfonso VII, called el Emperador.
		Consequently, the Abbot of Morimond possessed the right of visiting the houses and of reforming the statutes of Calatrava, while the highest ecclesiastical dignity of the order, that of grand prior, could be held only by a monk of Morimond.
		In 1628 the Order of Calatrava was declared to be inaccessible not only to tradesmen, but even to sons of tradesment.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/c/calatrava,military_order_of.html (2719 words)

	Caballero de la orden de Calatrava (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Order of Calatrava was, doubtless, the order of knighthood who contributed to the Reconquest more, being always at the forefront of any battle fought against the Muslims; From the defense of the city of Calatrava in 1158 to the reconquest of Granada in the Spanish Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand V and Isabella age.
		The king of castilia Alfonso VII "the Emperor" freed the Town of Calatrava and gave the main mosque to the archbishop of Toledo, in order to devoted it to church, and he entrusted the defense of the town to the Templar knights in 1150.
		Once the Order was set up, the spine of its military forces was made up by numerous knights who used to follow the customs of the Cister, combining the fatigue of the soldier with the abstinence of the hermit, the fervent prayers with the brave drive of the fighting.
	www.lilliputmodel.com /articulos/rafael_lopez/caballero_calatrava/caballero_calatrava_ing.htm (1703 words)

	Military order - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A military order is a Christian order of knighthood that is founded for crusading, i.e.
		Joseph von Hammer in 1818 compared the Christian military orders, in particular the Templars, with certain Islamic models such as the shiite sect of Assassins.
		1173 Order of Montjoie - Castilian, absorbed by Order of Calatrava 1221
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Military_order (584 words)

	The Military Ordert of Alcantara (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The precursor of the Order of Alcántara was a small religious-military fraternity formed, in either 1156 or 1176, by two brothers from Salamanca, Suero and Gómez Fernández.
		Too far from Calatrava, it was proposed that the Order of Saint Julian should be granted the town, with the Master of Saint Julian having a right to participate in the election of the Master of Calatrava to whom he would be subordinate.
		In 1411 the knights obtained permission from the anti-pope Benedict XIII to adopt an identical badge to that of the Order of Caltrava but in dark green; this has remained the badge of the Order; the cross may be suspended from a ribbon or sewn on the left breast.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/spanish/alcantar.htm (1173 words)

	SPANISH KNIGHTHOOD ORDERS
		The order participated at the Castilian civil wars of XIV & XV centuries, finally, after the catholic kings, the king was the master of the order.
		The order participated at the Castilian civil wars of XIV & XV centuries, finally, after the reign of Catholic Kings, the king was the master of the order.
		At 1317, the Pope Juan XXII aproved the statutes of the order.
	perso.wanadoo.es /ibg3/med/knight.html (586 words)

	math lessons - Order of Christ
		The Order of Christ was the heritage of the Templar Knights.
		In 1312, Templars order was suppressed by Pope Clement V, at the Council of Vienne, in 1312.
		In 1357, the order was moved to the town of Tomar, near Santerem, former seat of the Order of the Knights Templars in Portugal.
	www.mathdaily.com /lessons/Order_of_Christ (2164 words)

	The Military Order of Calatrava (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The slightly earlier Order of Calatrava (the town was originally called Oreto but renamed Calatrava by the Moors in the early seventh century), was the inspiration of Don Diego Velázquez, a Cistercian monk based at the Monastery of Fitero in Navarre.
		The Order had some sixteen priories and fifty-six commanderies and from 1540 their vows were modified to parallel those of the other Orders, permitting them to marry, while in 1652 a fourth vow was added to defend and sustain the doctrine of the Immaculate Conception (as in Santiago).
		The badge of the Order is a red Greek cross with the letter M (for Mary) in ornate script as fleurs de lys, making the four arms; it is either worn sewn on the left breast or is represented as a gold red enameled cross hung from a red ribbon around the neck.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/spanish/calatrav.htm (2594 words)

	MSN Encarta - Search Results - Calatrava Order of
		Calatrava, Order of, order founded by Sancho III of Spain in 1158.
		The order is represented by a red fleur-de-lis cross.
		Order, in taxonomy (the biological classification of plants and animals), the classificatory group which is below kingdom, phylum, and class, and...
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Calatrava_Order_of.html (106 words)

	THE INTERIOR LIFE OF THE MILITARY RELIGIOUS ORDERS
		The earliest Orders were those of the Temple and the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (later known as the Knights of Rhodes, and still later as the Knights of Malta).
		Today I want to examine the intentions of the Orders and the essential aspects of their life as revealed in their primitive statutes, that is, the earliest texts of the twelfth century and the first years of the thirteenth.
		In Portugal the Order of Avis was dominant, though Santiago was close behind; in the kingdom of León defense of the frontier was shared principally by Santiago and Alcántara.
	www.hmml.org /centers/malta/publications/lecture2.html (6608 words)

	[No title]
		Order of Trinitarians The redemption of captives has always been regarded in the Church as a work of mercy, as is abundantly testified by many lives of saints who devoted themselves to this task.
		Towards the end of the twelfth century the order had 250 houses throughout Christendom, where its benevolent work was manifested by the return of liberated captives.
		There were also confraternities of the Holy Trinity, chiefly in the towns where the order had no convent; these consisted of lay tertiaries who wore the scapular of the order, were associated with its spiritual favours, and devoted a portion of their income to its work.
	www.ewtn.com /library/PRIESTS/15045D.TXT (1437 words)

	CRUSADES AND MILITARY ORDERS
		O’CALLAGHAN, J. “‘Difiniciones’ of the Order of Calatrava Enacted by Abbot William II of Morimond, April 2, 1468.” TR 14 (1958): 231–68.
		O’CALLAGHAN, J. “The Earliest ‘Difiniciones’ of the Order of Calatrava, 1304–1383.” TR 17 (1961): 255–84.
		FOREY, A. “The Military Orders in the Crusading Proposals of the Late Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries.” TR 36 (1980): 317–46.
	www.fordham.edu /traditio/indxsubj/08-CMO.html (290 words)

	The Military Order of Montesa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The new Order received the approval of Pope John XXII on 10 June 1317, when it was given the Cistercian rule.
		On 22 July 1319 the Master of Calatrava was given the right to visit the Order and regulate disputes, as the first knights to form the new Order had been a group of volunteers from the Order of Calatrava.
		The first Master was Guillermo d'Eril and the Order had a total of fifteen Masters, whose military importance was insufficient to bring them into conflict with the Crown and who were not perceived as the same kind of threat as those of the other three Orders.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/spanish/montesa.htm (605 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Calatrava, Military Order of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		At first it was composed of lay brothers of the monastery of Fitero and subject to Morimond, in Burgundy.
		By the aid of foreign Crusaders Calatrava was reconquered in 1212.
		The canonical bond with Morimond was then relaxed and the order became secularized by release from vows of poverty and chastity.
	www.catholic-forum.com /saints/ncd01560.htm (211 words)

	Orders, Decorations and Medals - Medals by Country - Medals of Spain
		It was combined with the Order of Montesa in 1317, and these two, later, with the Order of Calatrava.
		Attached to the Order is The Merito Agricola Medal (1942) and is worn suspended from the ribbon of the Order.
		The Silver Cross of Merit is attached to the Order and is suspended from the ribbon of the Order.
	www.geocities.com /athens/4795/Spain1.htm (4526 words)

	selling Portugese militaria, badges, medals and insignia. XIXc. WW1, WW2. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Order had gone through many changes and alterations over the centuries.
		This insignia was worn by knights of the order with collar on occasions when chain could not have been worn.
		This Order was established in 1808 by John, Prince Regent of Portugal (King of Brasil); in fact this was the revival of the old chivalric (i.e., non-religious, unusual for Portugal) Order of the Sword, founded by Alphonso V in the year 1459.
	www.antiquesandmilitaria.com /Portugal.html (556 words)

	Chapter 2: Penal Servitude in Early Modern Spain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Furthermore, the Fuggers were especially enjoined not to try to retain prisoners after the completion of their sentences, as was done on the galleys, but despite this prohibition, that is exactly what they did during the initial years of the grant.
		In the following year, the courts were ordered to sentence all those guilty of capital crimes and meriting the penalty of the galleys to Almadén, while lesser offenders were to be sent to the North African presidios.
		The town was recaptured from the Moslems by Alfonso VII of Castile in 1151 and was given to the Order of Calatrava, which exploited the mines.
	libro.uca.edu /pservitude/psems2.htm (5772 words)

	The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, Vol. II: Basilica - Chambers (calatrava_order_of)
		The general chapter of the Cistercians gave the order a rule under the oversight of the monastery of Morimund, and prescribed as dress a white scapulary (or white cloak) with a garland of red lilies.
		Calatrava was lost and the seat of the order was transferred to Salvatierra (Mons Salutis) in the Sierra Morena.
		In 1212 Calatrava was again occupied, but was abandoned for New Calatrava, eight miles farther south, in 1218, the Order of Alcantara undertaking the defense of Calatrava.
	www.ccel.org /ccel/schaff/encyc02.calatrava_order_of.html (394 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Military Order of Montesa
		This order was established in the Kingdom of Aragon to take the place of the Order of the Temple, of which it was in a certain sense the continuation.
		Although the Aragonese branch of the order was pronounced innocent at the famous trial of the Templars, Clement V's Bull of suppression was applied to them in spite of the protests of King James II (1312).
		It was affiliated to the Order of Calatrava, from which its first recruits were drawn, and it was maintained in dependence upon that order.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10534a.htm (272 words)

	Order of Calatrava -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The order was originated in 1158 when King Sancho III of Castile ceded the fortress of Calatrava to Raymond, abbot of the Cistercian monastery of Fitero, with instructions to defend it against the Moors.
		The order of knights and monks who defended the fort was formally recognized by the pope in 1164, and it became closely affiliated…
		The order of knights and monks who defended the fort was formally recognized by the pope in 1164, and it became closely...
	www.wip.britannica.com /eb/article-9018619 (591 words)

	The Order of Christ: Foundation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Order was granted the properties that had been the Templar's and its headquarters were established in the church of Santa Maria do Castelo in the town of Castro Marim.
		It was given the statutes and rule of life of the order of Calatrava.
		The order's first statutes, which date from 1321, set at 84 the minimum number of brothers, of whom 69 were to be armed and mounted knights.
	www.thornr.demon.co.uk /kchrist/found.html (419 words)

	Religious orders / Flags of saints (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
		The Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem is an organization with non-religious (men and women) and religious members; it has currently 21,000 knights all over the world, grouped in 54 Lieutenancies of Magistral Branches.
		The Ensign of the Lieutenancies of the Order is a standard of white silk, with a red staff, surmounted by the Military Trophy.
	flagspot.net /flags/rord.html (2036 words)

	Miracle Theatre Group Home Page
		It was due to his family's advice that Rodrigo Téllez Girón, the Maestre of Calatrava, had led the Order in the rebellion against Fernando and Isabel as well as the attack of Ciudad Real.
		In direct contrast to the disorder embodied in the Comendador and the folly of the Maestre are the wisdom and order which characterize Fernando and Isabel.
		On the larger scale, their ultimate victory in the civil war is a precursor to their eventual completion of the Reconquest and the order which it represents.
	www.milagro.org /History/Study-Guides/fuente-ovejuna-study.htm (3842 words)

	Knights Templar Discussion Forum :: View topic - Orders of St. JAmes of the Sword and Order of SAntiago
		Given that their symbol was a red cruciform sword (the cross espada), it is highly likely that the Order of St James of the Sword was the name used for them in their English property, as I can find no reference to any separate English Order of that name-but I may be wrong.
		The Order of Calatrava also permitted married knights, and seems to have regarded their wives as members of the Order.
		However, by the late 13th century the Spanish monarchy were having an increasing say in who could be elected to senior positions within the Order, and from the late 15th century on the Mastership of the Order became invested in the Crown.
	www.templarhistory.com /forum/viewtopic.php?p=8151&sid=692fd76602edb9463b72e3de40e850be (895 words)

	New Catholic Dictionary: Calatrava, Military Order of (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Two new orders, Alcantara in Leon, and Aviz in Portugal, were founded.
		The last independent grand master was Lopez de Padilla (1482-1487) who fought with distinction in the last Moorish War.
		Their property was confiscated by Charles III in 1775, and general secularization was finally accomplished in 1838.
	www.catholic-forum.com /Saints/ncd01560.htm (211 words)

	Loyal Legion, Military Order of the -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		Growing Polish nationalism was by necessity that of an oppressed nation and displayed the tendency of “all or...
		premier order of the French republic, created by Napoleon Bonaparte, then first consul, on May 19, 1802, as a general military and civil order of merit conferred without regard to birth or religion provided that anyone admitted swears to uphold liberty and equality.
		Although the Legion has often been represented in books and movies as a last choice for derelicts, criminals, unhappy lovers, and fallen noblemen, it is actually one of the best trained and most effective military units in the world.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9315563 (760 words)

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