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	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Military Orders
		military orders had their origin in the crusades, from which they retain the common badge of every order of knighthood -- the cross worn on the breast.
		in Portugal, and the Order of Montesa in Spain.
		An order of St. George of Alfama, in Aragon, approved in 1363 by Urban V, was merged in the Order of Montesa in 1399.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10304d.htm (1581 words)

	The Templars In Portugal \| The Knights Templar \| www.templarhistory.com
		Prince Henry of Portugal was born in 1394, the third son of King Joao I. At the age of twenty, Prince Henry, accepted by historians as a devoutly religious man, persuaded his father to embark on a Crusade against the Muslim port of Ceuta, on the northern coast of Africa.
		Manuel sought the Mastery of all three orders; Christ, Santiago and Avis and refused to allow Dom Jorge, the illegitimate son of Joao II to rule the Order of Christ after Manuel had taken the throne for himself.
		Despite this, in Portugal the Order of Christ continued to be strong and Manuel I did much to support it, aided by Pope Alexander VI, who issued a bull allowing knights of the order to marry.
	www.templarhistory.com /portugal.html (2810 words)

	Order of Canons Regular of the Holy Cross
		Eventually all canons regular in Portugal came to be united in the Order, which for centuries was a major center for liturgy, theology and the intellectual life in Portugal.
		It was due to the Marian spirituality of the Order that Portugal was the first nation to be consecrated to the Immaculate Conception in the 18th century.
		Connected with the Order ar various groups with the same spirituality: a congregation of sisters called the Sisters of the Holy Cross, diocesan associations of priests, and a lay organization for both men and women which is similar to a secular institute.
	www.opusangelorum.org /HistoryORC/Orderofcanonsregular.html (1244 words)

	The Order of Christ and the Papacy
		Nevertheless, the Pope's order to arrest the knights was never carried out in Portugal and by early 1310, King D. Diniz I signed a pact with his father-in-law, King D. Fernando IV of Castile, so as to protect the Templars' properties in their Kingdoms against any action which could hurt the interests of both Crowns.
		That is why, after the extinction of the Order of the Temple by Pope Clement V [2] (by the bull Ad providam, of May 2nd, 1312) the Temple's estates and properties were transferred to the Hospitallers, except those situated in the Kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Majorca and Portugal.
		Thus the Military Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ was founded in 1319 by King D. Dinis I, with the approval of Pope John XXII given by the Bull Ad ea ex quibus, on March 15th to succeed to the Order of the Temple within the kingdom of Portugal and of the Algarves.
	www.jvarnoso.com /orders/christ2.html (1686 words)

	The Military Order of Christ and its awards by the Papacy
		Nevertheless, the Pope's order to arrest the knights was never carried out in Portugal and by early 1310, King D. Diniz I signed a pact with his father-in-law, King D. Fernando IV of Castile, so as to protect the Templars properties in their Kingdoms against any action which could hurt the interests of both Crowns.
		That is why, after the extinction of the Order of the Temple in 1312 by Pope Clement V [2], the bull Ad providam, of May 2nd, 1312 - transferring the Temple's estates and properties to the Hospitallers - exempted those situated in the Kingdoms of Castile, Aragon, Maiorca and Portugal.
		Lopo Dias de Sousa the Order's administration and governorship was given to King D. João I's son, prince Henry, duke of Viseu and till 1551 the administration of the Order was never to leave the hands o f a member of the Royal Family.
	www.angelfire.com /ak/militaryorders/christ2.html (1527 words)

	History of Orders of Chivalry
		Orders of chivalry, like the Church in general, were recipients of many donations, often in the form of land (e.g., a lord would become a knight and give his possessions to his order).
		At this point, then, orders of chivalry are an association of individuals, typically members of the knightly class, committing themselves through solemn vows to obey the rules and statutes of a religious order and to engage as professional soldiers in a permanent religious war, but also in religious and charitable activities.
		The Order of Saint-Louis was a transparent allusion to Louis XIV disguised as a religious dedication, but Maria-Theresa was the first to be explicit; she was followed by Charles III, and in the 19th century by many sovereigns (queens in particular).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/orders/ordhist.htm (5189 words)

	The Order of Christ: Overview
		This page gives a quick overview of the history of the Order of Christ, a Portuguese Military Order originating with the Templars which became heavily involved with Prince Henry the Navigator and the Portuguese age of discovery.
		Soon after the success of the expedition against Ceuta, Henry was appointed Governor of the Order of Christ, beginning an association whereby the Order became involved in Henry's voyages of discovery around the coast of Africa.
		However, the religious vocation of the Order was faltering - in 1496 the brethren were dispensed from celibacy, and in 1505 from poverty.
	www.thornr.demon.co.uk /kchrist/overview.html (1069 words)

	Christ Knights’ Order (Portugal)
		Real flags of the order had this cross over a number of backgrounds, being most frequent white, green, and white/green gyronny — the later said to be the most “correct”.
		The Portugese Order of Knights of Christ, as I understand, originates from the Portugese priory of the Templars, which simply changed its name when the order was suppressed by Pope Clement, and everyone pretended not to notice that his “new” order just happened to have all the same members.
		Following the dissolution of the Order of the Templars on instigation of the King of France in 1312, King Dionysius of Portugal in 1319 used their possesions to found the Order of Christ, which also took over the order’s symbol.
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/pt_oxp.html (514 words)

	Knights Templar - Crystalinks
		Their success attracted the concern of many other orders and eventually that of the nobility and monarchs of Europe as well, who were at this time seeking to monopolize control of money and banking after a long chaotic period in which civil society, especially the Church and its lay orders, had dominated financial activities.
		At the same time the papal commission, appointed to examine the cause of the order, had entered upon its duties and gathered together the documents which were to be submitted to the pope, and to the general council called to decide as to the final fate of the order.
		In Portugal, however, and in Aragon the possessions were vested in two new orders, the Order of Christ in Portugal and the Order of Montesa in Aragon.
	www.crystalinks.com /templars1.html (4604 words)

	Accessible Portugal Magazine - Disabled Holidays
		Because of this official sanction, the order received massive donations of money, land, and noble-born sons from families across Europe, who were encouraged to donate support as their way of assisting with the fight in the Holy Land.
		Though the primary mission of the Order was a military one, only a small percentage of its members were actually at the front lines, while many others were involved in developing a financial infrastructure to support the warrior branch.
		The Order also innovated ways of generating letters of credit for pilgrims who were journeying to the Holy Land, which involved pilgrims depositing their valuables with the Order before setting off on the journey.
	www.accessibleportugal.com /en/Magazine_ficheiros/July/templar.html (1843 words)

	The Brazilian Order of Christ
		The Orders of Christ, Aviz and St. James were awarded in its Brazilian design from September 7, 1822 on.
		In 1843, under Emperor Dom Pedro II, the Orders of Christ, Aviz and of St. James were recognized in Brazil as National Orders having the Emperor as its Grandmaster.
		As all the other Brazilian order with the exception of the Order of the Southern Cross and the Order of Aviz the Order of Christ was cancelled March 22, 1890, by the interim government of the united states of Brazil.
	www.medalnet.net /brazil_christ.htm (319 words)

	THE ORDER OF OUR LADY OF THE CONCEPTION OF VILA VIÇOSA
		While a state of war continued between Portugal and Spain until the latter was finally defeated at the battle of Montes Claros in 1665, the Portuguese quickly succeeded in achieving international recognition and control of their colonial possessions.
		Unlike the Orders of Christ, of Saint Benedict of Aviz, and of Saint James of the Sword, which had been founded as Religious-Military Orders and later secularized, the Order of Vila Viçosa was closer in structure to the Order of the Tower and Sword.
		The Order was originally limited to twelve Grand Crosses, forty Commanders and one hundred Knights, with the provision for the award of extranumerary Grand Crosses.
	www.chivalricorders.org /orders/portugal/vilavic.htm (3453 words)

	THE TEMPLAR TRADITION YESTERDAY AND TODAY
		The Order of the Knights Templar was one of the manifestations of the Order of the Temple.
		They came to create an order which was both military and monastic and one of their first acts was to pronounce vows of chastity, poverty and obedience before Theocletus, the Patriach of Jerusalem.
		The Order of the Temple believed that it had carried out its mission to the best of its abilities and that there was no longer any need to preserve the Templar Order in its traditional form.
	masonicworld.com /education/files/artjun02/TEMPTRAD.htm (4797 words)

	Mappa.Mundi Magazine - Locus - Prince Henry, The Navigator
		Henry was born in 1394, the third surviving son of King John of Portugal and a member of a large and diverse family of European royals.
		As a faithful Catholic he was alarmed about the rise of Islam, and as Grand Master of the Order of Christ, a military religious order that replaced the Knights Templar, Henry had the financial wherewithal to support expeditions to locate (and exploit) unconverted lands.
		The income from the Order of Christ was enough to bankroll the expeditions, and the expeditions themselves often proved profitable.
	mappa.mundi.net /locus/locus_011 (1280 words)

	ABWE - Portugal
		Building on the success of the past 20 years, the Portugal team has developed a new church planting strategy, called the "Portugal 4x4 Plan." The goal is to enlarge the base of first generation churches to 16 by the year 2016.
		The strategy of the "Portugal 4x4 Plan" is to place a team in each of four key locations in the greater Lisbon area.
		The time is ripe for servants of Christ to deliver to Portugal the message that changes hearts and lives for all eternity.
	www.abwe.org /serve/fields/Portugal.asp (762 words)

	Tomar UNESCO World Heritage Site Portugal
		In order to establish an easy cohabitation between the town and the convent of the Knights Templar, the castle was built in three distinct walled enclosures, surrounded by an extensive outer wall.
		At the time when the Knights of Christ were braving the seas of India, D. Manuel ordered the Templars' church to be expanded westwards, spreading beyond the castle limits and opening up the Charola to add on to it a magnificent nave which housed the choir and the sacristy, becoming known as the chapter house.
		This heralded the beginning of the modern period, in which the memory of the Order of Christ persisted under the form of an honorary Order, of which the President of the Portuguese Republic is considered the Grand Master.
	www.manorhouses.com /unesco/whtomar.html (989 words)

	selling Portugese militaria, badges, medals and insignia. XIXc. WW1, WW2. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Portugal - Order of the Tower and the Sword.
		This insignia was worn by knights of the order with collar on occasions when chain could not have been worn.
		This Order was established in 1808 by John, Prince Regent of Portugal (King of Brasil); in fact this was the revival of the old chivalric (i.e., non-religious, unusual for Portugal) Order of the Sword, founded by Alphonso V in the year 1459.
	www.antiquesandmilitaria.com /Portugal.html (716 words)

	Portugal > Travel > Costa Prata > Tomar > Portugal Info - Tomar
		The Order consisted of knights whose main purpose was to help the Portuguese in defeating the occupying Moors.
		The most important secret ceremonies of this Order took place in the "Charola", an octagonal chapel painted and carved in the Byzantine style and is the heart of the 12th Century Convento de Cristo much of which was built using the stone from Roman ruins.
		In this town is one of the oldest synagogues in Portugal that was built between 1430 and 1460.
	portugal-info.net /costaprata/tomar.htm (950 words)

	Christian T Shirt - The best Christian T Shirt selection is at Godly Garb & Games
		$10.00 applied to your order after check out.
		To order "RUSH" service click the button below.
		Remember, this is NOT necessary if you select a Premium FedEx or UPS Service - Rush is already included.
	www.christian-t-shirt.com (307 words)

	Essential World Architecture Images- architecture in the Da Vinci Code- The Knights Templar
		The Poor Fellow-Soldiers of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Latin: pauperes commilitones Christi Templique Solomonici), popularly known as the Knights Templar, was one of the most famous of the Christian military orders.
		The Order grew in membership and power throughout Europe, until it was charged with heresy and other crimes by the French Inquisition under the influence of the French King Philip IV (Philip the Fair) and was forcibly disbanded in the early 1300s.
		Each country had a Master of the Order for the Templars in that region, and all of them were subject to the Grand Master, appointed for life, who oversaw both the Order's military efforts in the East, and their financial holdings in the West.
	www.essential-architecture.com /DAVINCI/DV21.htm (6595 words)

	Portugal Holidays: Tomar in Portugal, Convent de Cristo
		In the history of Portugal the Knights of Christ played a great role, particularly at the expulsion of the Moors.
		The Order lost its property in 1834 and was dissolved 1910 with the end of the monarchy.
		The Charola, the centre of the convent, is the highlight of Convento da Ordem de Cristo.
	www.portugal-ferien.net /convent_de_cristo_engl.htm (296 words)

	Colonial Flags of Brazil
		That being the case, I could understand that the Order of Christ banner that was 180 years old at the time Brazil was colonized became the first flag in Brazil.
		The Order of Christ was the main financer and "pusher" of the Portuguese discoveries, the man behind them, Infante Dom Henrique [Prince Henry the Navigator] being a member of the order.
		With the Spanish occupation of Portugal, the Netherlands, traditional commercial partner of Portugal but enemy of Spain, and with interests in Brazilian sugar cane, occupied the provinces of Pernambuco, Paraíba, Ceará, Alagoas, and, in the year 1641, Maranhão.
	www.allstates-flag.com /fotw/flags/br-col.html (1742 words)

	Religious orders / Flags of saints
		The article says that when the Portuguese branch of the Templars turned into the Order of Christ, they kept their original symbols, so this symbol was the original symbol of the Order of Christ.
		This is a castillian reconquista order, whose cross (bleu, a cross fleury gueules, outlined in gold and hollow of the field) can be found on some portuguese family coats of arms.
		It is the current representative cross of the Supreme Military Order of the Temple of Jersusalem, alternately OSMTH (Ordo Supremus Militaris Templi Hierosolymitani).
	www.fotw.us /flags/rord.html (2467 words)

	Convento da Ordem de Cristo - Tomar, Portugal
		Built in 1160 along the most hotly contested Muslim-Christian border in Iberia, the Convento da Ordem de Cristo (Convent of the Order of Christ) in Tomar was built as a monastic fortress and a symbol of the Reconquest.
		In Portugal, however, its members, assets, and partly its vocation were transmitted to the Order of Christ, created in 1319 by King Dinis.
		In the Convent, Prince Henry ordered the construction of various cloisters and a Gothic nave was added to the round church.
	www.sacred-destinations.com /portugal/tomar-convento-de-cristo-templars.htm (1707 words)

	Portugal
		After he returned, apparently as a Templar, he saw combat action in the territory between Coimbra and Leiria, the then frontier with the Moorish lands, which was under the keep of the Order of the Temple since 1128 when it was granted by Dona Teresa.
		In about 1152, Afonso Henriques nominated him commander or master of the house which the Order had in Braga and which was the first headquarters of the Templars.
		Four years later in 1156, he had become Grand Master of the Order, with the mission of defending and promoting settlement of the region between Soure and the Tejo river frontier.
	members.tripod.com /~doru_gavril/port2.htm (394 words)

	Vasco da Gama
		He was the son of Estêvão da Gama - a knight commander of Cercal of the Order of St. James of the Sword and alcaide-mor of the village of Sines, which also belonged to the latter Order - and of his wife Isabel Sodré.
		Order of St. James, and later on, to that of the prince's son - Dom Diogo, duke of Viseu, having also fought in Castille and in the North Africa's military campaigns.
		[3]The Sodré's seem to have established themselves in Portugal accompanying the Earl of Cambridge in his campaigns in the Peninsula, in the reign of King D. Fernando I, in the second half of the XIV th century; cf.
	www.angelfire.com /ak/militaryorders/vascogama.html (864 words)

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