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Topic: Order of reaction

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	orders of reaction and rate equations
		In this case, the order of reaction with respect to both A and B is 1.
		This reaction is zero order with respect to A because the concentration of A doesn't affect the rate of the reaction.
		This reaction is first order with respect to A and zero order with respect to B, because the concentration of B doesn't affect the rate of the reaction.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /physical/basicrates/orders.html (1313 words)

	Simple rate equations
		Reactions in which the rate varies with concentration of a single species, and the change in concentration is exponential, so that a plot of ln(concentration) v.
		Reaction equation, stoichiometric coefficients, and order of reaction
		Reactions are described by reaction equations of the sort already discussed at length in earlier lectures.
	www.life.uiuc.edu /crofts/bioph354/lect18_sup.html (2290 words)

	N and O
		Orders of reaction deduced from the dependence of initial rates of reaction on concentration are called "orders of reaction with respect to concentration"; orders of reaction deduced from the dependence of the rate of reaction on time of reaction are called "orders of reaction with respect to time".
		The concept of order of reaction is also applicable to chemical rate processes occurring in systems for which concentration changes (and hence the rate of reaction) are not themselves measurable, provided it is possible to measure a chemical flux.
		The (overall) order of a reaction cannot be deduced from measurements of a "rate of appearance" or "rate of disappearance" at a single value of the concentration of a species whose concentration is constant (or effectively constant) during the course of the reaction.
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iupac/gtpoc/NO.html (2047 words)

	Introducing Chemical Kinetics - Rate Equations
		m is the order of reaction with respect to reactant A, and n with respect to reactant B. The overall order of reaction is the sum of the powers of the concentrations of the individual reactants in the rate equation, that is (m + n).
		A reaction that is first order with respect to a particular reactant has its rate doubled when the concentration of that reactant is doubled.
		Another method of determining the order of reaction with respect to a particular reactant is the initial rate method (as opposed to the continuous method).
	www.avogadro.co.uk /kinetics/rate_equation.htm (1794 words)

	Order of reaction - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Reaction orders can be determined only by experiment.
		In broken-order reactions the order is a non-integer typical of reactions with a complex reaction mechanism.
		Reaction kinetics, examples of important rate laws (lecture with audio).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Order_(chemistry) (649 words)

	Zero Order Reaction
		The order of reactions depends largely on how volatile substances involved are and in what concentration they exist in the chemical mix.
		A zero-order reaction, however, is independent of the concentration of the reactants.
		A reaction of this sort is generally found when a catalyst, surface, or other material required for the reaction is saturated by the reactants in this reaction.
	www.iscid.org /encyclopedia/Zero_Order_Reaction (216 words)

	Steve's place - Kinetics
		At constant temperature, the rate of reaction is proportional to the rate constant and the concentration of reactants.
		In a zeroeth order reaction, the rate of reaction is independent of the reactant concentrations.
		The reaction overall is termed second order, because it depends on the concentration of two reactants.
	www.steve.gb.com /science/kinetics.html (1016 words)

	Reaction Rates and Reaction Order (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In the above reaction, the stoichiometry is such that for 1 mole of B produced, 1 mole of A is consumed, therefore, the rate of change in B is equal and opposite to the rate of change of A:
		This reaction is termed a first order reaction because the rate depends on the first power of the concentration of A
		In order to measure the rate constant for a reaction, it is more convenient to have an equation which describes how the concentration of A changes as a function of time.
	wine1.sb.fsu.edu /kinetics/kinetics.htm (1308 words)

	First Order Rate Law
		A common way for a chemist to discover that a reaction follows first order kinetics is to plot the measured concentration versus the time on a semi-log plot.
		In first order reactions it is often useful to plot and fit a straight line to data.
		Reaction rate constants are usually temperature dependent; the rate of a reaction usually increases as the temperature rises.
	www.sci.wsu.edu /idea/ChemKinetics/first_order.htm (949 words)

	ChemLab - Chemistry 6 - Chemical Kinetics 1 - Chemistry
		One of the characteristic reactions of ketones is the substitution of a halogen for one of the hydrogens adjacent to the keto group.
		where k is the experimental rate constant for the overall reaction and a, b, and c are the orders of the reaction with respect to each of the three reactants.
		Similarly, you can determine the value of b, or the order of reaction with respect to cyclohexanone, by varying the initial concentration of cyclohexanone for constant concentrations of acid.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~chemlab/chem6/kinet1/full_text/chemistry.html (2416 words)

	Order and Molecularity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The rate of the overall reaction is the sum of the orders of all the reactants
		If there is only one reactant, then the order with respect to that reactant is equal to the order of the overall reaction.
		The overall reaction is third order, or higher order.
	library.thinkquest.org /C006669/data/Chem/kinetics/order.html (258 words)

	CHEMICAL KINETICS-RATE OF A CHEMICAL REACTION-VELOCITY OF REACTION-RATE CONSTANT-CHARACTERISTICS OF RATE CONSTANT-ORDER ...
		Thus velocity of reaction may be defined as the rate of reaction at a particular given moment i.e.
		It should be noted down that all the molecules shown in a chemical equation do not determine the value of order of reaction but only those molecules whose concentrations are changed are included in the determination the order of a reaction.
		The reaction in which two molecules undergo a chemical change is called second order reactions.
	www.citycollegiate.com /chemical_kineticsXIa.htm (421 words)

	General Chemistry Online: Glossary: Reaction rates
		The half life of a reaction is the time required for the amount of reactant to drop to one half its initial value.
		The order of a reaction is the sum of concentration exponents in the rate law for the reaction.
		A reaction with a rate law that is proportional to either the concentration of a reactant squared, or the product of concentrations of two reactants.
	antoine.frostburg.edu /chem/senese/101/kinetics/glossary.shtml (518 words)

	Enzyme Kinetics 1 to 3
		For an elementary reaction occurring in one direction the order of reaction is equal to the molecularity, but it describes the kinetics not the mechanism.
		The orders for the individual reactants, unity for E and unity for A, are known as partial orders and the sum of all the partial orders of a reaction is the overall order.
		The transient phase of an enzyme-catalysed reaction usually occupies a very brief period of time (usually a small fraction of a second), and special techniques must be used for investigating this phase of the reaction (Section 9).
	www.chem.qmul.ac.uk /iubmb/kinetics/ek1t3.html (3065 words)

	13.2
		The fact that the reaction is second order in NO means that the rate is proportional to the square of the concentration of NO. Doubling or tripling of [NO] causes the rate to increase four- or nine-fold, respectively.
		In this method the concentration of all but one reactant is fixed, and the rate of reaction is measured as a function of the concentration of the one reactant whose concentration is varied.
		To determine the order with respect to B, the concentration of A must be held constant and the concentration of B is varied in several experiments.
	www.mhhe.com /physsci/chemistry/chang7/ssg/chap13_2sg.html (935 words)

	Enzyme Concentration
		In order to study the effect of increasing the enzyme concentration upon the reaction rate, the substrate must be present in an excess amount; i.e., the reaction must be independent of the substrate concentration.
		These reactions are said to be "zero order" because the rates are independent of substrate concentration, and are equal to some constant k.
		B is a straight line representing a zero order reaction which permits accurate determination of enzyme activity for part or all of the reaction time.
	www.worthington-biochem.com /introBiochem/enzymeConc.html (546 words)

	First Order Reaction Analogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Radioactive decay is among the clearest of first order reactions.
		These reactions are characterized by a half-life -- a time interval during which half of the reactive entities present are expected to decay.
		During further 'shakes' of the box, the extents of forward and reverse reaction are identical.
	dwb.unl.edu /Chemistry/DoChem/DoChem112.html (529 words)

	orders of reaction and mechanisms
		A reaction mechanism describes the one or more steps involved in the reaction in a way which makes it clear exactly how the various bonds are broken and made.
		The reaction is first order with respect to the organic compound, and zero order with respect to the hydroxide ions.
		The reaction this time is first order with respect to both the organic compound and the hydroxide ions.
	www.chemguide.co.uk /physical/basicrates/ordermech.html (1381 words)

	Kinetics: The Reaction of Fe(CN)5DMSO3- with N-methylpyrazinium Cation
		Because by convention chemists treat reaction rate as a positive quantity, negative signs are placed in front of the concentration changes for the reactants, because reactants are used up as reaction proceeds and therefore experience negative concentration changes.
		As a result of the reaction stoichiometry, the changes in concentration of the three substances in a given time period are not the same, and unless we correct for this somehow, the rate will be different depending on which of the substances we choose to express it.
		The numbers m is called the order of the reaction for reactant A, and n is the order for reactant B. The total reaction order is m+n.
	www.wpi.edu /Academics/Depts/Chemistry/Courses/General/kinfecn.html (1427 words)

	SparkNotes: Reaction Rate Laws: Determining the Rate Law
		Additionally, the reaction mixture is destroyed for the purposes of kinetic experiments, so the chemist must make multiple trial runs and waste a large amount of reagents to observe the concentrations at multiple points in time.
		To calculate the order of the reaction for bromine, notice that experiments 1 and 2 hold the concentration of acetone constant while doubling the concentration of bromine.
		The kinetics data for this reaction will give a graph of ln [A] versus time that is linear, telling us that the reaction is first order in A. If the reaction happened to be second order in A, in the present example, then a graph of 1/[A] versus time would be linear.
	www.sparknotes.com /chemistry/kinetics/ratelaws/section2.rhtml (1705 words)

	Elements of Chemical Reaction Engineering, FAQs
		It is a function of concentration of species participating in the reaction and whether or not there is a catalyst.
		For irreversible reactions the rate law equation is simpler and so are the computations involved in reactor sizing.
		Only when Z changes during the course of the reaction; that is, Z could change if we were to start the reaction at very very high pressures and end at low pressures.
	www.engin.umich.edu /~cre/byconcept/faq3.htm (1098 words)

	Concentration and Chemical Reaction Rate
		Thus, this model seems to apply, however, the mechanism for the fission reaction is not discribed by the order of the fission material.
		If the reaction rate doubles as the concentration of the reactant A increase by a factor of 2, what is the order of the reaction with respect to A? Hint.
		For a reaction that is 2nd order with respect to A, you can keep concentrations of other reactants constant, and vary the concentration of A. You can measure the initial rate in the experiments, and then plot rate as a function of [A].
	www.science.uwaterloo.ca /~cchieh/cact/c123/coneffec.html (1308 words)

	Determining Reaction Order
		The units of the rate constant depend on the overall order of the reaction.
		So the reaction is Third Order in reagent C! To continue, we pick another pair of runs that have a change in the initial concetration of C and just one other reactant.
		The reaction is First Order in B! Now that we know the order of Reactants A and B, we can use another pair of experimental runs to determine the remaining unknown order.
	itl.chem.ufl.edu /2041_f00/lectures/lec_l.html (1045 words)

	Re: what is the order of reaction for hydrogen peroxide
		The order of the reaction is not determined by concentration; rather, it is how much of an effect the concentration of a species has on the reaction that determines the order.
		If the reaction depended only on the peroxide concentration, the rate equation would be r = k[H2O2] and the reaction would be first order.
		The reaction depends on both concentrations, though, and neither concentration term is raised to any power other than 1.
	www.madsci.org /posts/archives/oct98/904881510.Ch.r.html (216 words)

	Second Order Rate Law
		Second Order Reactions are characterized by the property that their rate is proportional to the product of two reactant concentrations (or the square of one concentration).
		In second order reactions it is often useful to plot and fit a straight line to data.
		Using the graph below verify that this is a second order reaction and calculate the rate constant.
	www.sci.wsu.edu /idea/ChemKinetics/second_order.htm (918 words)

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