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Topic: Glossary of order theory

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	NOVA \| The Elegant Universe \| Glossary \| PBS
		Newton's universal theory of gravity: theory of gravity declaring that the force of attraction between two bodies is proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
		String theory harmoniously unites quantum mechanics and general relativity, the previously known laws of the small and the large, that are otherwise incompatible.
		This glossary is part of a more extensive glossary that originally appeared in The Elegant Universe: Superstrings, Hidden Dimensions, and the Quest for the Ultimate Theory, by Brian Greene (Norton, 1999), with kind permission of the publisher.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/elegant/glossary.html (1697 words)

	Glossary of order theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Equivalently, an order isomorphism is a surjective order embedding.
		A partial order is a binary relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive.
		A strict order is a binary relation that is antisymmetric, transitive, and irreflexive.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Glossary_of_order_theory (2737 words)

	GLOSSARY
		In quantum theory for example it is well known that you may change the phase of the wave functions by an arbitrary amount without altering any the physical content or structure of the theory, provided that you change the all wave functions in the same way, everywhere in space.
		However when the string theories where discovered and found to only exist in 10 dimensions, this 11 dimensional theory was largely ignored (prior to string theory a 4 dimensional form of it was once heralded by Stephen Hawking as the fundamental theory of nature).
		Sting theories (there are five consistent string theories known) are quantum theories where the underlying object is a one dimensional string in spacetime (as opposed to particles in quantum field theories).
	www.mth.kcl.ac.uk /~lambert/glossary0.html (1689 words)

	Nonlinear Dynamics and Complex Systems Theory (Glossary) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		An order parameter is a scalar or vector parameter associated with a continuous phase transition that determines the physical nature of the transition.
		In the case of a fluid, for example, the order parameter is a scalar and is the difference in density between the liquid and vapor phases.
		It is also a universal theory in that it predicts that the global properties of complex systems are independent of the microscopic details of their structure, and is therefore consistent with the "the whole is greater than the sum of its parts" approach to complex systems.
	www.cna.org /isaac/Glossb.htm (8566 words)

	Olympus FluoView Resource Center: Glossary of Terms in Confocal Microscopy
		In order to maintain the same phase relationship over long distances, coherent light waves must be monochromatic (have the same wavelength).
		In order to incorporate the GFP (or any of its genetic derivatives) into a cell, the DNA sequence for the gene is ligated to the DNA encoding the protein of interest.
		In order to incorporate the RFP into a cell, the DNA sequence for the gene is ligated to the DNA encoding the protein of interest.
	www.olympusfluoview.com /theory/glossary.html (10049 words)

	California Courts: Self-Help Center: Glossary
		Depending on the court order, medical support can be that parent's only financial obligation, or the parent may also have to pay child support and/or spousal support.
		Order to Appear for Examination: A court order telling the judgment debtor to come to court on a specified date and time to answer questions about his or her property and sources of income. Also called a "debtor's examination."
		remanding order: An order to the sheriff to hold a defendant in custody until his or her next court appearance, or until bail is posted.
	www.courtinfo.ca.gov /selfhelp/glossary.htm (14844 words)

	Rupert Sheldrake Online
		Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection enabled this process to be thought of as blind and purposeless, and this interpretation is central to neo-Darwinism (q.v.), the dominant orthodoxy in modern biology.
		In biology, the mechanistic theory states that living organisms are nothing but inanimate machines or mechanical systems: all the phenomena of life can in principle be understood in terms of mechanical models and can ultimately be explained in terms of physics and chemistry.
		It differs from Darwin's theory in that it denies the possibility of Lamarckian inheritance (q.v.); heredity is explained in terms of genes passed on by Mendelian inheritance (q.v.).
	www.sheldrake.org /glossary (3464 words)

	Evolution: Glossary
		Mendelian inheritance is an atomistic theory because in it, inheritance is controlled by distinct genes.
		big bang theory: The theory that states that the universe began in a state of compression to infinite density, and that in one instant all matter and energy began expanding and have continued expanding ever since.
		Although now accepted as a plausible theory, both she and her theory were ridiculed by mainstream biologists for a number of years.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/evolution/library/glossary/index.html (13292 words)

	Glossary
		James Clerk Maxwell´s theory in 1864 suggested that light was such a wave, and today we know that such waves include all forms of light--also infra-red and ultra-violet, as well as radio waves, microwaves, x-rays and gamma rays.
		By the ionic theory, each molecule of such materials consists of molecular or atomic groupings charged with positive or negative electricity ("ions"), held together by their mutual electrical attraction.
		It is an important concept in the theories of energy transfer from the solar wind to the magnetosphere and of energy release in substorms.
	www-istp.gsfc.nasa.gov /Education/gloss.html (5877 words)

	Stroustrup: C++ Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		This is a glossary of C++ terms, organized alphabetically by concept.
		order of construction - a class object is constructed from the bottom up: first bases in declaration order, then members in declaration order, and finally the body of the constructor itself.
		order of destruction - a class object is destroyed in the reverse order of construction.
	www.research.att.com /~bs/glossary.html (9794 words)

	Graphs Glossary
		Can be an unordered listing of the ordered pairs, or a pair of ordered lists with the starting vertex in one list and the ending vertex in the corresponding position of the second list.
		The order of a graph is the number of vertices it has.
		A topological ordering of a digraph is a labelling of the vertices with consecutive integers so that every arc is directed from a smaller label to a larger label.
	www-math.cudenver.edu /~wcherowi/courses/m4408/glossary.htm (1926 words)

	Set Theory Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In set theory the word "interval" is often informally used to mean interval class, the latter of which is of greater generality.
		Note that an ordered set may be arranged in a non-temporal dimension, e.g., an alphabetical pitch order (e.g., A# B C# D).
		It has also been claimed that the interval order is maintained, but this is not so either since any transformation may occur with differing melodic contours and registrations; besides, all the set forms cannot and do not have the same interval order.
	solomonsmusic.net /setgloss.htm (3865 words)

	Synthetic Theory of Evolution: Glossary of Terms
		The Old Order Amish are a relatively closed group that shun most modern conveniences in their farming lifestyle.
		Physically, a gene is a sequence of DNA bases that specify the order of amino acids in a protein or, in some cases, a small RNA molecule referred to as a microRNA.
		This is essentially a combination of Darwin's concept of natural selection, Mendel's basic genetics, along with the facts and theories of population genetics and molecular biology.
	anthro.palomar.edu /synthetic/glossary.htm (4294 words)

	Order theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Order theory is a branch of mathematics that studies various kinds of binary relations that capture the intuitive notion of a mathematical ordering.
		These are graph drawings where the vertices are the elements of the poset and the ordering relation is indicated by both the edges and the relative positioning of the vertices.
		Directed complete partial orders (dcpos), that guarantee the existence of suprema of all directed subsets and that are studied in domain theory.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Order_theory (3938 words)

	Order Of Flats - Music Theory Lessons
		The order of flats is something we learn just to get an idea of how each scale is different from the others.
		The modes are always in the order that you learned them in previous lessons, but since this is the internet and things need to be a clear as possible I figured I try to make it clearer.
		Once you learn the order of flats, you should have a much better understanding of what makes each scale different, and why each one sounds the way it does.
	www.theorylessons.com /flats.html (548 words)

	Complexity, Artificial Life and Self-Organising Systems Glossary
		In this glossary each entry is an hypertext link that takes you to an introduction describing that concept in a wider context.
		This is a universal idea, generalised as 'general selection theory' to be the process of 'variation, selection, retention' underlying all systemic improvement over time (including 'trial and error' learning).
		The idea, from game theory, that agents combine in such a way that both lose or that the total change is a reduction in overall fitness, sometimes called dysergy or 'lose-lose'.
	www.calresco.org /glossary.htm (4452 words)

	Glossary A-H
		The most important thing to remember when using this (or any other) glossary is that just because some aspect of an organism is dignified by a sesquipedalian term, this by no mean signifies that it is "real".
		There will always be tensions in an essentially local glossary such as this when it comes to terms used to describe specific features of the sporophytic and gametophytic generations.
		Informative general morphological glossaries or other sources are Lawrence (1951), Esau (1965, 1977, the latter with a particularly useful glossary), Radford et al.
	www.mobot.org /MOBOT/Research/APweb/top/glossarya_h.html (6938 words)

	Encyclopaedia of Design Theory: Glossary
		In statistical design theory, a block design is binary if no treatment occurs more than once in a block (that is, a part of the treatment partition and a part of the block partition meet in at most one plot).
		The index of a subgroup H of a group G is the order of G divided by the order of H.
		The order of a Latin square is the number of its rows (or columns or symbols).
	designtheory.org /library/encyc/glossary (13994 words)

	Science and Religion Glossary
		For example, the laws and theories of the sciences are in principle reducable to the laws of physics and chemistry.
		This theory contends that all creatures are made for the benefit of humanity.
		The purpose of the material world is to serve the spiritual, and the goal of the this life is to prepare for the next.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /~grassie/StudentProjects/Glossary.html (4590 words)

	firstamendmentcenter.org: About
		The theory is that if people could freely copy anyone else's work without paying for it, there would be no incentive for the creation of new material.
		Facial challenge — A challenge that claims a law is inherently unconstitutional (unconstitutional on its face), as opposed to a law that is applied in a particular situation unconstitutionally.
		False light is a tort theory under which a claimant might sue for damage to reputation.
	www.firstamendmentcenter.org /about.aspx?item=glossary (3768 words)

	Glossary for ordination terms
		Fuzzy set theory would allow a plot to belong with 25% membership (for a relatively low elevation) or 75% (for a relatively high elevation).
		The application of fuzzy set theory to ecology was developed by Roberts (1986).
		Nowadays the team is used more generally and refers to an 'ordering' in any number of dimensions (preferably few) that approximates some pattern of response of the set of objects.
	www.okstate.edu /artsci/botany/ordinate/glossary.htm (8048 words)

	Tree of Life Glossary
		A taxon that is not part of the ingroup but that is included in a phylogenetic analysis in order to provide information about the root of the ingroup and to help differentiate between apomorphies and plesiomorphies in the ingroup.
		Procedure for the linear comparison of two or more molecular sequences in order to identify those positions that are likely to have a common evolutionary origin.
		Series of characters that are in the same order in the sequences are used as reference points, and hypothetical gaps may be inserted in order to make similar regions line up with one another.
	tolweb.org /tree/home.pages/glossary.html (6229 words)

	SSRIC/TRD: Glossary
		For example the operational definition for gender could be the choice selected by a person answering the question "What is your gender ___(1) female ____(2) male" or in secondary analysis the operational definition of crimes could be the number of crimes reported by official agencies (police, sheriff) of a county in their annual report.
		ordinal measurement: a level of measurement that is characterized by having a rank or order to the measurement of the variable attributes, mathematically this allows all functions of nominal measures plus ranking -- making greater than and less than comparisons.
		recode: classification of a variable's attributes into a smaller number of discrete categories for presentation or in order to test and observe the results of the new classification.
	www.csub.edu /ssric-trd/glossary.htm (3836 words)

	The Ethics Site. Abortion, Euthanasia, Death Penalty, Bioethics, Kant, Aristotle, relativism
		A philosophical theory which holds that moral judgments are simply expressions of positive or negative feelings.
		In ethics, believers in natural law hold (a) that there is a natural order to the human world, (b) that this natural order is good, and (c) that people therefore ought not to violate that order.
		In ethics, moral pluralism is the belief that different moral theories each capture part of truth of the moral life, but none of those theories has the entire answer.
	ethics.sandiego.edu /LMH/E2/Glossary.html (2134 words)

	FAO - Climate change
		This Glossary is based on the glossaries published in the IPCC Third Assessment Report (IPCC, 2001a,b,c); however, additional work has been undertaken on consistency and refinement of some of the terms.
		Climate projections are distinguished from climate predictions in order to emphasize that climate projections depend upon the emission/concentration/radiative forcing scenario used, which are based on assumptions, concerning, for example, future socio-economic and technological developments that may or may not be realized, and are therefore subject to substantial uncertainty.
		Projections are distinguished from “predictions” in order to emphasize that projections involve assumptions concerning, for example, future socio-economic and technological developments that may or may not be realized, and are therefore subject to substantial uncertainty.
	www.fao.org /clim/glossary.htm (10442 words)

	Holocaust Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		In Nazi racial theory, a person of pure German "blood." The term "non-Aryan" was used to designate Jews, part-Jews and others of supposedly inferior racial stock.
		In theory, such societies provide for equal sharing of all work, according to ability, and all benefits, according to need.
		Socialism: A theory or system of social organization that advocates the ownership and control of land, capital, industry, etc. by the community as a whole.
	fcit.coedu.usf.edu /holocaust/resource/glossary.htm (4877 words)

	Dramatica Theory Book
		Determining the appreciations that will be explored in a story, the perspectives from which they will be explored, and the order in which these explorations will occur within the world of a story is called Storyforming.
		This is independent of any Storytelling and instead deals with ordering the pieces common to all stories.
		Illustrating a storyform with the cultural signs and artistry that an author feels are appropriate to his story.
	www.dramatica.com /theory/d_dictionary/d_dictionary.htm (595 words)

	Mathematical Programming Glossary
		This is the level of inventory to order that minimizes the sum of holding and ordering costs.
		It arises in compatibility theory and degeneracy graphs.
		A penalty function in which the associated algorithm generates infeasible points, approaching feasibility in the limit towards a solution.
	glossary.computing.society.informs.org /second.php?page=E.html (1174 words)

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