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Topic: Orders of magnitude temperature


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In the News (Thu 12 Nov 09)

  
  Order of magnitude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thus, an order of magnitude is an approximate position on a logarithmic scale.
For example, an order of magnitude estimate for a variable between about 3 billion and 30 billion (such as the human population of the Earth) is 10 billion.
This magnitude was determined by rounding the logarithm to the nearest integer.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Order_of_magnitude   (572 words)

  
 Orders of magnitude
Thus the order of magnitude of 400 is 2.
The order of magnitude of a number may also be defined as the exponent of the power of 10 when the number is represented using scientific notation.
For example, an accurate order of magnitude estimate for the human population of the Earth in the year 2000 is 10 billion.
www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Orders_of_magnitude.html   (469 words)

  
 Orders of magnitude
For example, two numbers are said to differ by "3 orders of magnitude" if one is 1000 times larger than other.
Orders of magnitude are quite easily and commonly described through the use of scientific notation and powers of ten.
SI units are used together with SI prefixes: these were devised with orders of magnitude in mind.
www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/1_/1_E_s.html   (260 words)

  
 Room Temperature Superconductivity   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
This inaugural workshop for the Institute for Theoretical sciences is aimed at bringing together leading many-body theorists with experts in electronic structure and materials synthesis, and facilitate the debate over the constraints on superfluid condensation at elevated temperatures.
It is known for many decades that pairing and superfluidity is a universal phenomenon that spans at least 10 orders of magnitude in temperature.
The debate is on whether there is a window in temperature and pressure around normal thermodynamic conditions in which superfluid condensation cannot occur.
www.nd.edu /~its/rts/scope.html   (147 words)

  
 [No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
According to the authors, the field and temperature dependences (the latter obeying the Curie law) suggest that this structure is associated with the intraionic 3d-4p transitions of localized Cu ions in the Cu-O chains.
The temperature dependence of the theory is investigated, and it is shown that a non-BCS temperature dependence of the peak in the Raman spectrum (nearly temperature-independent peak position) can be obtained for strong impurity scattering.
Studies of ordered oxygen structures in the basal plane of YBa2Cu3Oz are described in the M.S. thesis of R. McCormack (UC-Berkeley).
www.iitap.iastate.edu /htcu/files/92aug1em.txt   (9056 words)

  
 About Temperature
One of the first attempts to make a standard temperature scale occurred about AD 170, when Galen, in his medical writings, proposed a standard "neutral" temperature made up of equal quantities of boiling water and ice; on either side of this temperature were four degrees of heat and four degrees of cold, respectively.
Temperature is a measure of the energy of thermal motion and, at a temperature of zero, the energy reaches a minimum (quantum mechanically, the zero-point motion remains at 0 K).
Temperature becomes a quantity definable either in terms of macroscopic thermodynamic quantities such as heat and work, or, with equal validity and identical results, in terms of a quantity which characterized the energy distribution among the particles in a system.
eo.ucar.edu /skymath/tmp2.html   (4839 words)

  
 Comets, Ice, and Vacuum of Space
------------------------------------------------------------ The temperature of those comets with long lifetimes must have, for most of their lifetime, an average temperature such that the vapor pressure of water, on average, is so low that they do not sublime a significant amount of water vapor.
If the temperature drops to 190K, the vapor pressure of water is now down to 0.0002mm Hg -or a drop of 4 orders of magnitude.
The temperature of space varies from place to place, but in deep space with only the background radiation as heat source, the temperature is estimated to be around 5K, imagine what the water vapor pressure would be then.
www.newton.dep.anl.gov /askasci/ast99/ast99618.htm   (408 words)

  
 Absolute Magnitude: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
Ratio Scaling of Psychological Magnitude: In Honor of the Memory of S.S. Stevens
Astronomers also assign a star an absolute magnitude, which is the magnitude that a star would have...standard distance of 10 parsecs (32.6 light-years).
The luminosity, or absolute magnitude, increases upwards on the...can be used to determine the absolute magnitude, or luminosity, of the stars...
www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/absolute-magnitude.jsp?l=A&p=1   (1441 words)

  
 Symposium Program
The observed difference decreases with decreasing temperatures, indicating that it may be attributed to a systematic deviation in the ITS-90 from T due to the gas thermometric temperature measurement at 457 °C, which has been used as reference temperature for extrapolation of the ITS-90 to higher temperatures.
The temperature of a reference surface is determined (i) by extrapolation from thermometers inserted at different depths, or (ii) by measurement on the surface using a thermally compensated thermocouple.
The temperature is deduced from the measurement of the resonance frequencies, by using a physical model describing the relation between the speed of sound, the acoustic length of the cavity and the temperature.
www.cstl.nist.gov /div836/836.05/thermometry/symposium/program.htm   (12648 words)

  
 Magnitude   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
The brightest stars were given a magnitude of 1 and the dimmest stars a magnitude of 6.
A range of magnitude of 1 to 6 is actually quite a large variation.
Since a jump from magnitude 6 to magnitude 1 is an increase in brightness of 100 times, each step, represented by x must be multiplied (5 times) to go from a magnitude 6 to a magnitude 1, so:-
freespace.virgin.net /gareth.james/astro/alevel/magnitude.html   (580 words)

  
 Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Orders of magnitude   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
For extremely small numbers (in the sense of close to zero) neither method is suitable directly, but of course the generalized order of magnitude of the reciprocal can be considered.
Similar to the logarithmic scale one can have a double logarithmic and super-logarithmic scale.
On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude
www.hallencyclopedia.com /Orders_of_magnitude   (631 words)

  
 TFCBooks -- Tesla Site Glossary
An electric field has both magnitude and direction and can be represented by lines of force, or field lines, that start on positive charges and terminate on negative charges.
In order to radiate efficiently the helix must have sufficient pitch so the wave's E-field can rotate through 360° in the time it takes for the wave disturbance to travel one wavelength along the axis.
An electrical arc is one example of a thermal plasma, a familiar manifestation of which is a lightning bolt bridging the gap between a storm cloud and the earth.
www.tfcbooks.com /mainpage/glossary.htm   (12260 words)

  
 Symposium on the Nature of Science—Thomas Greytak   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
Bose-Einstein condensation is an adventure story, a quest spanning seventy years in time and eight orders of magnitude in temperature.
Tom Greytak is a professor of physics at MIT and the Associate Department Head for Education.
He is an experimental low temperature physicist who has worked on problems in superfluid helium-4 and superfluid helium-3.
ed.fnal.gov /symposium/greytak.html   (135 words)

  
 s41b in fm05
In order to understand the generating process of these earthquakes, we estimated a 3-D distribution of relative scattering coefficients in the source region by inversion of coda envelopes of aftershocks.
We propose the values of the strain tensor, and thus the magnitude of the strain, are equivalent after retro- or forward deformation, and consequently we are able to compare the modelling results with natural data, such as fracture data from boreholes.
In order to understand the subsurface configuration of the fault we acquired high-resolution, shallow-depth, seismic images of an active strand of the Calaveras Fault along a 156-m-long profile in Dunne Memorial Park, Hollister, California in July 2005.
www.agu.org /cgi-bin/SFgate/SFgate?&listenv=table&multiple=1&range=1&directget=1&application=fm05&database=/data/epubs/wais/indexes/fm05/fm05&maxhits=200&="S41B"   (10598 words)

  
 Orders of magnitude (temperature) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
everyday substances near liquid air's temperature with incipient Fermi-condensate populations result in spontaneose luminescence, loss or lack of hysteresis, inductive and capacitive electronic moments that readily adsorb or expel or float upon unlike substances:
1900 K, Space Shuttle Orbiter hull temperature in 8km/s dive
1 WK Planck temperature of micro fl holes
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(temperature)   (209 words)

  
 92AUG1EM.TXT.html.temp   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
The dc electrical conductivity initially increases by three orders of magnitude and then increases by an additional eight orders of magnitude upon further heat treatment after exposure, for an overall increase in conductivity by eleven orders of magnitude.
The temperature dependence, however, is nonmetallic and nonreversible.
(Wien) as a function of temperature and K doping between 320 K and 10 K. The authors found relationships among these spectra, the first-order rotational phase transition at 260 K, and the higher-order phase transition at 90 K. For the doped fullerenes a strict phase separation between C60, K3C60, and K6C60 was found.
www.iitap.iastate.edu /htcu/backissues/92AUG1EM.TXT.html   (10297 words)

  
 The effect of temperature   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
At these temperatures, the near-IR flux is on the Wien side of the Planck function, and hence shows the strongest dependence on temperature.
Clearly the drop in temperature from a mid-latitude site is not the only factor causing the reduction in background fluxes in the near- and mid-IR at the South Pole.
In the sub-mm the temperature drop has only a small influence on the level of the background, and is not responsible for the 50% drop in flux at Pole compared to a mid-latitude site.
www.atnf.csiro.au /pasa/17_3/hidas/paper/node3.html   (415 words)

  
 Getting Past Hockey Games
On land, sunlight, temperature, and con-comitant availability of water are the dominant controls of biological activity and thus of the rate of photosynthesis and respiration.
Temperature, because of its quasi anticorrelation with the NPP, is not a viable alternative either.
World Temperatures do not follow CO2 levels and indeed the warmest periods in the last 2,000 years were the Roman period and the Medieval period which were both warmer than present and had lower CO2 levels.
sharpgary.org /HockeyGameCalled.html   (3327 words)

  
 Wednesday afternoon, 8 November 1995, 14:00   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
The transport conserves particle number; conserves energy by dissipating electrostatic energy into heat; and conserves angular momentum by moving the plasma column back to the trap axis as the column radially expands.
The transport rate is measured over a wide range of plasma parameters, including 4 orders of magnitude in temperature.
The transport rate is proportional to the collisional temperature equilibration rate, which drops precipitously in the cry
flux.aps.org /meetings/BAPSDPP95/abs/S6IA01.html   (161 words)

  
 Orders of Magnitude
That is because they understand the orders of magnitude involved.
Mammals that regularly hibernate allow their temperature to fall to the ambient temperature, and the heart beats only occasionally.
When we consider these orders of magnitude of both space and time, we can see why scientists have no interest in putting people in space, have no interest in a Mars colony or a Moon colony, knowing that this is a dead end.
members.aol.com /Thales97/physics.htm   (1246 words)

  
 High Temperature Insulation - Information   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
Torpor is a pressure jet air is near the is as as 1.1 with napability and weight without bulk.
A moisture content allows properties to the high plateaus of winter s, often as as 10 The temperature rose from greatest temperature change ever of atmospheric high and low in temperature.
high temperature electrolysis its combustion temperature of 2927 welding temperature 3160 C requires gas pressure at concentrations.
www.freewebs.com /information24/high-temperature-insulation.html   (243 words)

  
 Astro-ph for busy people   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
Systematic variations in temperature and phase-balance (of cool versus warm neutral gas) are indicated as a function of both radius and z-height.
Average spectra of the M31/M33 filament suggest a kinetic temperature of 2x10^5 K for the parent ion population, consistent with significant shock-heating.
The branes are given finite thickness in order to regularize mild singularities in their vicinity, and we allow them to have an arbitrary equation of state.
www.camk.edu.pl /~gwar/astro-ph/2005.01.18.html   (9725 words)

  
 Structural Studies of MS2 Bacteriophage Virus Particle Disassembly by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Relaxation ...
The magnitude of the particle internal motion is on the nanosecond
For temperatures >30°C, the maximum order parameter is the one obtained at 30°C. The minimum order parameter is ‘0’, maximum disorder.
For temperatures <30°C, the minimum order parameter is the minimum obtained at 30°C. The maximum order parameter will be ‘1’, maximum order.
www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/84/6/3894   (3840 words)

  
 Orders of Magnitude
Now the density parameter of the Universe is estimated at 2e-26 kilograms per cubic meter: this is an energy (ee equals em see squared!) of 2e-9 joules per cubic meter.
Now the mean temperature of the Universe is well known: 2.73 kelvin; using Stephan Boltzman's constant, we see that a napier of information (that's 1.44 logons, but considering the approximations we are doing, we don't need to distinguish between napiers and logons) corresponds to an energy of 3.8e-23 joules.
Dividing the one by the other, we find a completely ad hoc value of 4e13 napiers per cubic meter (that's 7 terabytes per cubic meter of the near-void the Universe is made of).
www.madore.org /~david/misc/orders_mag.html   (1042 words)

  
 SPI Refrigerated Storage Recommendations   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
By way of example, if a reaction-prone chemical reagent, instead of being stored at 20° C is stored at 0° C, then that would represent two orders of magnitude temperature drop, or changes would now be occurring 100X more slowly.
When anything that has been refrigerated is taken out from the refrigerated area for use, it is important that it be allowed to warm up to room temperature, other wise there is the risk of moisture condensation in into the volume of the container, reducing the efficiency of some of the SPI-Chem products, for example.
Virtually all adhesive products, including SPI Supplies Brand Double Sided Conductive Carbon Adhesives (sheets, rolls, and tapes), one projects that they will not be used within 12 months of their receipt, then we would suggest refrigerated storage in order to preserve their excellent characteristics.
www.2spi.com /catalog/chem/labels/coldstore.html   (446 words)

  
 Orders of magnitude (time) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The pages linked in the right-hand column contain lists of times that are of the same order of magnitude (power of ten).
Rows in the table represent increasing powers of a thousand (3 orders of magnitude).
This page was last modified 13:37, 21 July 2006.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(time)   (162 words)

  
 Temperature Gauge - Information
narrow is 3 track gives a standard equipment to track G scale lists temperature s between of Category:Orders of magnitude TK 1 E of Category:Orders of magnitude temperature GK 1 E2 GK in the GK Temperature 1 E0 of TEMPERATURE Category:Orders of magnitude temperature gauge.
has dependedancy, which absolute and R with The formula describe temperature dependance of on This equation dimensional theory, the group of properties, relative bulb is the air determined by bulb reflects the point is the below which that The versatility bulb Common thermometers bulb Wet bulb temperature A hygrometer reading.
However transition refers to low the in the highest ever recorded temperature gauge.
www.freewebs.com /information24/temperature-gauge.html   (274 words)

  
 Applications of Thin Film Thermocouples for Surface Temperature Measurement
Thin film thermocouples provide a minimally intrusive means of measuring surface temperature in hostile, high temperature environments.
Thin films are many orders of magnitude thinner than wire, resulting in less disruption to the gas flow and thermal patterns that exist in the operating environment.
Some applications of thin film thermocouples are: temperature measurement of Space Shuttle Main Engine turbine blade materials, temperature measurement in gas turbine engine testing of advanced materials, and temperature and heat flux measurements in a diesel engine.
gltrs.grc.nasa.gov /cgi-bin/GLTRS/browse.pl?1994/TM-106714.html   (335 words)

  
 EXPLORIT SCIENCE CENTER: Orders of Magnitude: How fast? How far? ...
Sound travels a bit faster as the temperature of the air rises above 0 degrees Celsius but never travels anywhere near as fast as light.
But, not everyone knows (although most people do) that while the number one million is the same magnitude (size) around the world, the number one billion may not mean the same in the UK as it does in the US.
SI units are all in multiples of ten and there are seven fundamental standards: the meter (length), kilogram (mass), second (time), ampere (electric current), kelvin (temperature), candela (light intensity), and mole (amount of substance).
www.explorit.org /science/sizes.html   (3309 words)

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