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Topic: Ordinary referendum

	Referendum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A further perceived flaw of the referendum is that in some circumstances the democratic spirit of the referendum may be flouted by the repeated submission to the referendum of a proposal until it is eventually endorsed, perhaps due to a low turn-out or public fatigue with the issue.
		The 1980 Quebec referendum and 1995 Quebec referendum on the secession of Québec are notable cases.
		Referendums are rare and only once has a referendum proposal been put to the entire electorate of the UK; this was a referendum in 1975 on membership of the European Economic Community.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Referendum (3267 words)

	Referendum - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
		Although some advocates of direct democracy would have the referendum become the dominant institution of government, in practice, in modern times, the referendum exists solely as a complement to the system of representative democracy, in which most major decisions are taken by an elected legislature.
		For example two multiple choice referendums held in Sweden, in 1957 and 1980, offered voters a choice of three options, and in 1977 a referendum held in Australia to determine a new national anthem was held in which voters were presented with four choices.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /referendum.htm (2525 words)

	Referendums and Plebiscites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Referendums have been used in many countries; in Switzerland they are very common, see Switzerland, in some countries there may be on average one or two per year, and in most countries they are rare.
		The most common situation in which a referendum is seen to be appropriate is a major regime change; not only the reform of an existing constitution, but the adoption of a new constitution or, the biggest step of all, the decision of a people to declare independence.
		If a referendum were held to resolve the question of which should become the country's sole language, this would solve nothing, because the minority group would be unlikely to accept the majority vote in favour of the other language as a fair way of resolving the dispute.
	www.aceproject.org /main/english/es/esc01a.htm (1761 words)

	Encyclopedia: Amendments of the Constitution of Ireland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Oireachtas (parliament), then submitted to a A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal.
		referendum, and finally signed into law by the The President of Ireland (Irish: Uachtarán na hÉireann) is the head of state of the Republic of Ireland.
		bill known as the The ordinary referendum is a referendum in the Republic of Ireland in which the President may refer a bill directly to the electorate before it becomes law.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Amendments-of-the-Constitution-of-Ireland (12240 words)

	Read about Referendum at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Referendum and learn about Referendum here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Critics of the Borda count argue that it is particularly susceptible to tactical voting and to the tactical nomination of candidates, and that it may produce results that are opposed by a majority of voters.
		Constitution of Canada does not expressly require that amendments be approved by referendum some argue that, in light of the precedent set by the Charlottetown Accord referendum, this may have become an unwritten convention.
		The votes on referendums are always held on a Sunday, typically three or four times a year, and in most cases, the votes concern several referendums at the same time, often at different political levels (federal, cantonal, municipial).
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Referendum (2632 words)

	Encyclopedia: Referendum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A nation-wide consultative referendum (全國性公民投票) was held in the Republic of China (Taiwan) on March 20, 2004 to coincide with the 2004 presidential election.
		The Scotland referendum of 1997 was a pre-legislative referendum held in Scotland only, over whether there was support for the creation of an assembly for Scotland and whether there was support for an assembly with tax varying powers.
		The Spanish referendum on the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe was a referendum held on 20 February 2005, to ask whether Spain should ratify the proposed Constitution of the European Union.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Referendum (6884 words)

	Referendum - Biocrawler definition:Referendum - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some opposition to the referendum has arisen from its use by dictators such as Napoleon, Hitler and Mussolini who, it is argued, used the plebiscite to clothe oppressive policies in a veneer of legitimacy.
		Quebec in Canada is an example; a referendum in 1980 rejected "sovereignty-association" by a vote of 59-41 percent against; a second in 1995 rejected, by 51-49 percent, a mandate to allow the provincial government to negotiate sovereignty with an undefined relationship with Canada based on a common currency.
		In June 1948, a multiple-choice referendum was held in Newfoundland, with three choices: join Canada as a province, be restored as a dominion under the British crown, or continue with the commission administration in effect since 1934.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Referendum (3089 words)

	Ordinary referendum -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ordinary referendum is a referendum in the (additional info and facts about Republic of Ireland) Republic of Ireland in which the (The chief executive of a republic) President may refer a bill directly to the electorate before it becomes law.
		Like the (additional info and facts about constitutional referendum) constitutional referendum, which is a frequent occurrence in the Republic, the ordinary referendum is open to all adult Irish citizens.
		The Irish presidency is largely a ceremonial position but the (The act of forming something) constitution does grant certain discretionary powers to the President that may be invoked in unusual circumstances.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/or/ordinary_referendum.htm (445 words)

	Ordinary Income (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The ordinary is a prelate bishop responsible for the pastoral care of Roman Catholics serving in the armed forces of a nation.
		An ordinary (often a cross) can be ''facetted''.http://www.heraldica.org/shell/illustr.pl?105 The term ''embowed'' is almost invariably applied to the chevron; this means that the upper two lines defining the chevron are concave, and the bottom two lines follow in parallel.
		An ordinary ''rompu'' is "broken" in some way, though the form of the breaking may vary considerably and often must be further described to avoid confusion.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/138/ordinary-income.html (1487 words)

	Venice Commission - Commission de Venise
		These guidelines set out minimum rules for constitutional referendums and are designed to ensure that this instrument is used in accordance with the principles of democracy and the rule of law.
		Constitutional referendums are taken to refer to popular votes in which the question of revising a State’s Constitution is posed, irrespective of whether this requires voters to give an opinion on a specific proposal for constitutional change.
		If authorisation is required in order to gather signatures for popular initiatives and referendum petitions on public thoroughfares, such authorisation may be refused only in specific cases, on the basis of overriding public interest and in accordance with the principle of equality.
	www.venice.coe.int /docs/2001/CDL(2001)010-e.asp (1968 words)

	The Referendum in Ireland
		The referendum is conducted by reference to the same constituencies as for Dail elections and the returning officers for Dail elections are the local returning officers for the referendum.
		The polling stations are the same as for a Dail election and each elector is sent a polling information card indicating his or her number on the register of electors, the date of the poll and the place where he/she is entitled to vote.
		The Constitution also provides for a referendum on a proposal other than a proposal to amend the Constitution (referred to in law as an "ordinary referendum").
	www.clarelibrary.ie /eolas/cominfo/democracy/referendum_in_ireland.htm (1310 words)

	usnews.com: Opinion: Michael Barone: Blair reduced to ordinary political leader (4/23/04) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Blair effectively put the issue of whether a referendum should be held in the hands of his Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown.
		Conservatives had been loudly demanding a referendum, and now Labour can say—as it said in 1997 and 2001 about the euro—that a Labour government will not adopt the EU Constitution without a vote of the people.
		We are closer to what has been the ordinary situation since I started following British politics some 40 years ago, when Britons tell pollsters that they disapprove of the government in office and indicate a willingness to vote for the opposition.
	www.usnews.com /usnews/opinion/baroneweb/mb_040423.htm (999 words)

	REFERENDUM ACT, 1942 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		(5) At a constitutional referendum, the proposal which is the subject thereof shall be stated on the ballot paper in the same terms as nearly as may be as such proposal is stated in the bill containing such proposal passed or deemed to have been passed by both Houses of the Oireachtas.
		(6) At an ordinary referendum, the proposal which is the subject thereof shall be stated on the ballot paper in the same terms as nearly as may be as such proposal is stated in the writing under the hand and seal of the President sent by him to the Taoiseach.
		—(1) At the trial of a referendum petition, the court shall be entitled to require the referendum returning officer to produce and deliver to the court all or any of the documents in his possession relating to the referendum, including reports, packets, and documents sent to him by local returning officers.
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /1942_8.html (7314 words)

	Western Sahara - Sahara Occidental -
		A countryman of yours noted the gap between the expectations you generated and the meagre results you produced in the words of the Roman poet Horace: "The mountains were in labor and a mouse was brought forth."
		You must know too that the Referendum is a cause that is supported by fair-minded Americans, Conservative Republicans as well as Democrats, in your country.
		To paraphrase George Orwell, you must have to be a diplomat to justify postponing the Referendum.
	www.arso.org /cdl010502.htm (559 words)

	No. 1/1998: REFERENDUM ACT, 1998
		"referendum" means a constitutional referendum or an ordinary referendum.
		(2) The referendum returning officer shall, as soon as practicable after receipt of a notification under subsection (1), notify each local returning officer of the particulars so notified to him or her under subsection (1).
		(2) The Referendum Acts, 1992 and 1994 and this Act may be cited together as the Referendum Acts, 1992 to 1998, and shall be construed together as one.
	acts2.oireachtas.ie /zza1y1998.1.html (2581 words)

	Peter Suber, "Population Changes and Constitutional Amendments"
		Tolerating its risks is not a part of ordinary political trust of representatives or loyalty to the Constitution.
		A popular referendum and the present convention method of ratification (modified to bind delegates to campaign positions) would each cure the republican type of abuse.
		A popular referendum that transcended state boundaries, and a plan to weigh state votes by population, would each provide a remedy to the federalist type of abuse.
	www.earlham.edu /~peters/writing/acessay.htm (10461 words)

	[No title]
		Requests the United Nations in conjunction with the Organization of African Unity to provide a peace-keeping force to be stationed in Western Sahara to ensure peace and security during the organization and conduct of the referendum; "5.
		Requests the Implementation Committee to report to the twentieth ordinary session of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government on the result of the referendum with a view to enabling the Assembly at that session to reach a final decision on all aspects of the question of Western Sahara; "7.
		Requests the Secretary-General to take the necessary steps to ensure that the United Nations participates effectively in the organization and conduct of the referendum and to report to the General Assembly and the Security Council on this subject and on the measures requiring a decision by the Council; 3.
	www.wsahara.net /UN/ga/40-1983.txt (352 words)

	REFERENDUM ACT, 1942 SECTION 2
		the expression "constitutional referendum" means a referendum on a proposal for the amendment of the Constitution;
		the expression "ordinary referendum" means a referendum on a proposal other than a proposal for the amendment of the Constitution;
		the word "referendum", when used without qualification, includes both a constitutional referendum and an ordinary referendum;
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /ZZA8Y1942S2.html (142 words)

	REFERENDUM ACT, 1994 SECTION 12
		(b) the Government determine that a referendum for the purpose of ascertaining the will of the people on the proposal shall be taken,
		the Minister shall by order appoint the day (in this Act referred to as "the polling day") upon which and the period during which the poll at the referendum shall be taken.
		(3) Whenever the Government determine that an ordinary referendum shall be taken, the Government shall cause notice of the determination to be published in Iris Oifigiúil, and such publication shall be conclusive evidence of the determination.
	www.irishstatutebook.ie /ZZA12Y1994S12.html (205 words)

	Dar Al Hayat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was not a coup that saw him out of the palace.
		He was the victim of an ordinary referendum.
		From Baghdad, Saddam saw a man named Richard Nixon tripped by the Watergate scandal tapes.
	english.daralhayat.com /column/02-2004/Article-20040210-a02a6e40-c0a8-01ed-004e-5e7ac3b86c83/story.html (886 words)

	No. 8/1942: PART I PRELIMINARY AND GENERAL
		—This Act may be cited as the Referendum Act, 1942.
		—(1) As soon as may be after the passing of this Act and from time to time thereafter as occasion requires, the Minister shall appoint a fit and proper person to be the referendum returning officer for the purposes of this Act.
		Statement by registration officers of the number of Dáil electors.
	www.acts.ie /zza8y1942.2.html (379 words)

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