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| | Studies in Medieval Spanish Frontier, Chapter 1, Salvus of Albelda and Frontier Monasticism in Tenth-Century Navarre |
 | | Alfonso II's establishment in 804 of the frontier cathedral town of Valpuesta was followed by the peopling farther south of Amaya in 860; of Burgos in 884; and, in 912, of Roa, Osma, Aza, Clunia and San Esteban de Gormaz, on or even across the Duero itself. |
| | Monastic colonization dates at least from 923, the year in which Ordoño II of Leon during his brief occupation of Nájera founded southeast of that town, on the river Alesón, the monastery of Santa Coloma. |
| | On the other hand, from the mid-seventh century on, in Galicia, there arose a powerful rival monastic tradition, the Gallegan, which undertook to limit episcopal control by monasticization of the episcopate ('episcopi sub regula') and which replaced the monarchical abbatiate by a quasi-feudal system of contractual relations between abbot-patronus and monks-dependents. |
| libro.uca.edu /frontier/bishko1.htm (14085 words) |
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