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Topic: Transmitter Orfordness

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	[No title]
		Finally, the observed linearity of clutter-related noise with transmitter power (Test 19) was an indication that nonlinear effects in the transmitter were not a significant source of clutter-related noise.
		The transmitter power reduction test 19 tended to rule out nonlinear effects in the transmitting antenna, such es arcing and corona, as the principal cause of clutter-related noise, but it was too limited in scope to be wholly conclusive.
		Transmitter Power Reduction Test [25] (U) {(S-NF)} Objective of the Transmitter Power Reduction Test which is relevant here was to determine whether the high power radiated by the transmitter was heating, and thus modifying, the ionosphere so as to cause the observed clutter related noise.
	www.anomalies.net /archive/europe/bentwaters.txt (17102 words)

	eiffel tower - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		This aerial was fed by transmitters which were in small housings on the Mars field and used for longwave transmission.
		Crystal Palace Transmitter, London, England - 222m transmission tower without observation deck, nicknamed London's Eiffel Tower.
		The Radio Tower Gliwice was nicknamed "Eiffel Tower of Upper Silesia" and the wood framework tower of the transmitter Ismaning, which was demolished in 1983 was called the "Bavarian Eiffel Tower".
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/eiffel-tower (1690 words)

	[1.0] The British Invention Of Radar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The transmitter towers were about 107 meters (350 feet) tall and spaced about 55 meters (180 feet) apart, with cables strung from one tower to the next to hang a "curtain" of horizontally positioned half-wave transmitter dipoles, transmitting horizontally polarized radio waves.
		The output stage of the transmitters used special tetrode "valves" (vacuum tubes) built by Metropolitan Vickers of the UK that were water cooled.
		The floodlight scheme wasted transmitter power, since only a small fraction of the transmitter beam, if "beam" was exactly the right word for it, would strike a target, much less be reflected back to the receiving antenna.
	www.vectorsite.net /ttwiz1.html (6217 words)

	Ditton Park.Home of Radio Research.1924-1979.History. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The transmitter was built around the Naval Type NT 47 valves and, after its return from Tromso, was taken over to Bawdsey when the Radar programme started.
		The first transmitter was based on a squegging valve oscillator, a simple self-quenching device derived from a time base circuit produced at Slough for use with the Cathode Ray Oscillograph.
		The sounder of the mid-'40s was not unlike the present Union Radio model, in which transmitter and receiver are kept in tune by electro-mechanical means, whilst the apparatus sweeps over the 20 Mc/s wide frequency span in about 5 minutes.
	www.wdc.rl.ac.uk /ditton_park_archive/histarticles.html (7832 words)

	Sir Robert Watson-Watt
		Ostensibly their purpose was to work on the ionosphere, but their very secret agenda was to start the development of radar or, as it was called in those days, RDF (Radio Direction Finding).
		By the end of 1935 the small team at Orfordness had demonstrated not only that an aircraft could be detected by radar at distances well beyond the range of sound locators but also that its position could be measured in three dimensions.
		The work at Orford had been so promising that in December 1935 the Treasury sanctioned a plan to build five radar stations covering the approaches to London, the most northerly being Bawdsey and the most southerly South Foreland.
	www.radarpages.co.uk /people/watson-watt/watson-watt4.htm (522 words)

	v7ndotcom elursrebmemv7ndotcoms elursrebmems
		Watson-Watt and his team obtained use of a BBC transmitter, and worked overnight to improvise a radio detection system, using the transmitter to send a radio signal and a receiver to pick up the radio echo.
		A complete backup transmitter unit was provided to ensure that the elursrebmem stayed in operation at all times.
		Building a "bistatic" elursrebmem with separate fixed transmitter and receiver was straightforv7ndotcom d, and in fact it was a common configuration for early elursrebmems, including Chain Home.
	www.toprankingcompany.com /british-invention-of-radar.htm (6049 words)

	The
		Work has started on a draft constitution, and we are also in the realms of trying to obtain a "lease" for the old transmitter block, from the owners of the Manor.
		Once we have obtained the lease, then we will have passed one of our major obstacles, as without the transmitter block, we would have to find an alternative site to build upon, which would be unfortunate given the historical and heritage value of that particular site.
		We then have to try and establish what we will have in respect of exhibits etc that are related to radar, and the work that has been done at Bawdsey, from the development days until its closure in the 90's, which still involved the use of radar.
	raf_bawdsey.tripod.com /brg.htm (3060 words)

	radio in planes? [Archive] - The Aerodrome Forum
		This was a morse transmitter so that that recce crews could pass target details to ground batteries.
		Transmitters and later Radio transceivers were used especially on two seater aircraft.
		A ground-to-air long range transmitter was set up at Aplefield (I think this should be Aperfield) Court, a mile south east of Biggin.
	www.theaerodrome.com /forum/archive/index.php/t-24481.html (1173 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Orford Ness: Information from Answers.com Orford Ness The 'pagodas' at Orford Ness Orford Ness, described by a BBC documentary as 'half wilderness, half military junkyard', is a shingle spit.
		Orford Ness - United Kingdom Nuclear Forces GlobalSecurity.org is the leading source for reliable WMD news and WMD information, directed by John Pike.
		Orfordness Lighthouse Orfordness Lighthouse, in Suffolk, is situated at the end of a 13 mile spit which runs parallel to the coast.
	dirorgvip37.orbyalme.org (311 words)

	Welsh Icons - Edward George Bowen
		Bowen's job was to assemble a transmitter, managing quickly to raise the pulse-power to over 100 kilowatts.
		The team at Orfordness was enlarged as a result and a new headquarters acquired, Bawdsey Manor, in March 1936.
		After working through the night, Bowen resurrected the old transmitter at Ordfordness for the following day's demonstration which allowed the Government and RAF to continue with the extension of the chain of coastal stations.
	welshicons.org.uk /html/edward_george_bowen.html (1578 words)

	Secret Assignment
		It was there, in 1935, that a handful of scientists, (the very first boffins in the world), headed by Watson-Watt, demonstrated to the Tizard Committee their ability to detect and measure the range of an aircraft up to a distance of 40 miles.
		The range of the aircraft could be obtained by measuring the time taken for each pulse to make the round trip from the transmitter to the aircraft and back.
		Joe, one of the original Orfordness group, was responsible for workshops and transportation at TRE throughout the war.
	www3.sympatico.ca /drrennie/chap2.html (5222 words)

	Suffolk Coverage Area Maps, Ipswich, AM Stereo
		The major transmitting station at Orfordness was once owned by the BBC as part of its transmitter network used for the BBC World Service.
		The BBC transmitter network was prviatised and sold off in 1997 to Merlin Communications International, subsequently re-organised and re-named VT Merlin when it was aquired by the Vosper Thornycroft Group p.l.c.
		In 2004 the 1296 kHz transmitter is contracted to transmit the programmes of Radio Nationaal of The Netherlands.
	www.arar93.dsl.pipex.com /mds975/txmaps/suffolk.html (990 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Orfordness to provide coverage to Europe, including on the frequency 648 kHz (which can be heard in the UK).
		Since the 1990s the World Service has also increasingly used satellite broadcasting as a means to deliver its signals to its overseas transmitters and to home dish owners in several countries.
		Shortwave transmissions directed to North America came to an end on July 1, 2001, but transmissions to other areas can be heard.
	www.brujula.net /english/wiki/BBC_World_Service.html (699 words)

	Ross Revenge - Transmitter Room - Other Ships, Other Transmitters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The largest of these was the 600kW "Aspidistra" transmitter at Crowborough in Sussex, then the largest MW broadcast transmitter in the world and codenamed for the Gracie Fields song "The Biggest Aspidistra in the World".
		A number of one kilowatt BTA-1E transmitters were bought by the BBC, and used to cover principal cities when all stations were aligned to the same channel as part of the "Group H" project to prevent enemy bomber direction finding.
		She sets sail as soon as the new transmitter arrives from the USA, which is installed as the ship crosses the North Sea back to her East Coast anchorage.
	www.rossrevenge.co.uk /tx/othertx.htm (1710 words)

	DX LISTENING DIGEST SEPTEMBER 2003 ARCHIVE
		A strong case is now to be made for a second transmitter to the NZ government as a consequence of this debacle.
		Here is his reply: ``I regret to inform that you did not hear our HF transmissions, for the reason that the transmitters are off-air, at present, with the purpose of improving the energy supply, and for the conversion of our permission, from experimental, to permanent.
		The only difference here is that the signal being transmitted through the air and interfering with the BPL transmission is a licensed radiator and according to FCC regulations the owner of the receiving device has the onus on them to shield their device or replace it with one that will not receive the interference.
	www.w4uvh.net /dxldtd3i.html (19271 words)

	1296/1395 AM - A Different Direction? - UKOnAir.com
		Under the new frequency plan introduced in November 1978, 1296 kHz was used by Orfordness.
		Daventry was used from 1950 to 1978 for the Third Programme/Radio 3, broadcast from a 150 kW transmitter on 647 kHz.
		In the 1950s, Daventry's 647 kHz transmitter carried a half hour of "Voice of America" in the afternoon.
	www.ukradio.com /forums/showthread.php?p=87588 (667 words)

	09-24-2003
		The NA200 was installed at VT Merlin's site on Orfordness, England and was commissioned prior to the World Radiocommunications Conference (WRC) in Geneva, Switzerland, and was on-the-air with a digital signal at 1296 kHz bearing 96 degrees towards Geneva, for the inaugural DRM broadcasts.
		The transmitter was configured for dual mode operation to allow for both DRM and conventional Medium Wave AM broadcasting.
		The transmitter's modular design made for ease of transport and installation at VT Merlin's remote Orfordness site.
	www.nautel.com /09-24-2003.aspx (298 words)

	Welcome to Bawdsey Radar Station. The Home of Radar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		On 26 February 1935, Watson-Watt and Arnold Wilkins successfully demonstrated their system using a BBC transmitter which managed to pick up a bomber being used as a test target.
		In May 1935 Watson-Watt, Wilkins and a small team of scientists moved to Orfordness to conduct a series of historic experiments over the sea that would lead to the world’s first working ‘RADAR’ system.
		It soon became apparent that Orfordness was inadequate for further research and Bawdsey Manor Estate was purchased for £24,000.
	www.bawdseyradargroup.co.uk /history.htm (623 words)

	MW Carrier Monitoring
		Steve Whitt noticed a problem with the audio on the BBC WS transmitter on 648 kHz from Orfordness, England.
		I ran a Spectrum Lab trace on this channel and there are clear heterodynes at plus/minus 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 600 Hz from the main carrier.
		This may be related to Orfordness radiating DRM on its other MW channel on 1296 kHz.
	www.dxradio.co.uk /mwoffsets/index.html (1574 words)

	[No title]
		At present, the outback is serviced primarily by the three HF transmitters at Alice Springs (4835), Tennant Creek (4910), and Katherine (5025), using 2 MHz at night, and 4 MHz during the day.
		Concerns have been expressed at the lack of effective coverage in some regions, particularly during evening hours, where the relatively low frequencies are subject to heavy fading, and impairment by static crashes from tropical thunderstorms at certain times of the year.
		This problem {was?} raised quite recently when the Alice Springs transmitter on 4835 failed to automatically switch to its 2 MHz allocation of 2310 for local evening broadcasts, creating severe adjacent channel disturbances to Radio Thailand (4830) and the Chinese stations at Fuzhou (4830) and Harbin (4840).
	www.angelfire.com /ok/worldofradio/dxld1090.txt (4909 words)

	FOIA documents on the AN/FPS-95 Cobra Mist OTH Radar, Part 2 of 4
		transmitter operating at full power during the test.
		The transmitter power reduction test 19 tended to rule out nonlinear effects in the transmitting antenna, such as arcing and corona, as the principal cause of clutter-related noise, but it was too limited in scope to be wholly conclusive.
		(U) {(S)} Numerous tests of the AN/FPS-95 transmitter showed it to have exceptional spectral purity and to be a negligible contributor to the overall level of clutter-related noise.
	www.cufon.org /cufon/cobramst2.htm (9649 words)

	AAS-Biographical memoirs-Brown
		On 26 February 1935 Watson-Watt had demonstrated that reflections from a Heyford bomber flying through the beam of the BBC transmitter at Daventry could be detected as he had suggested in his memoranda to the Tizard Committee in January and February of that year.
		The main work at Orfordness ended in 1937 and for a short time Hanbury was involved in the first operational CH installation at Dunkirk in Kent.
		This required a transmitter of sufficient power at a short wavelength and was made possible by the recent arrival of the Western Electric 316A (the 'door knob') valve.
	www.science.org.au /academy/memoirs/brown.htm (12857 words)

	Cobra Mist - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Cobra Mist was the codename for an Anglo-American experimental over-the-horizon radar station at Orford Ness, Suffolk, England.
		The project was plagued by noise problems that could not be identified, and the project was shut down in 1973.
		Cobra Mist was based on the Naval Research Laboratory's experimental MADRE radar, which was able to reliably detect aircraft at ranges up to 2,000 nautical miles from its base in Chesapeake Bay.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cobra_Mist (1041 words)

	[No title]
		Transmitter location is 50 degrees 54 minutes north, 113 degrees 52 minutes west (Mark Coady, June 27, ODXA via DXLD) ** CHILE.
		I found the closedown a bit of a surprise as Anderson had indicated plans to increase transmitter power from 0.9 to 3 kW, and was going to put on an FM transmitter on 88.5 MHz, presumably for the benefit of his Pulaski County followers, among whom he seems to be something of a hero.
		It operates from a farm 35 km southwest of Lusaka using a 100-kW Continental shortwave transmitter.
	www.angelfire.com /ok/worldofradio/dxld1088.txt (6119 words)

	Top 20 Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		This aerial was fed by long-wave transmitters which were in small housings on the Champ de Mars.
		Crystal Palace Transmitter, London, England - 222 m TV tower without observation deck, nicknamed London's Eiffel Tower.
		Transmitter Brookmans Park - two 60.96 metre high lattice towers, insulated against ground
	encyc.connectonline.com /index.php/Eiffel_Tower (2791 words)

	page11 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		Orfordness is not all about the atomic era.
		Since then it has seen many secret projects and here are some more remains.
		This building was the radar transmitter building, for the first experimental radar.
	www.century20war.co.uk /page33.html (111 words)

	Media Network Weblog
		However, I don't believe that was the government's intention, and in any case they'll probably be up against strong competition.
		One option that definitely seems off the agenda is hiring the British mediumwave transmitter at Orfordness on 1296 kHz, as Radio Nationaal did last year.
		We're awaiting confirmation, but it's almost certain that this transmitter will be doing regular daytime DRM transmissions of BBC World Service starting next week.
	radio.weblogs.com /0121781/2003/06/18.html (959 words)

	BBC World Service - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-22)
		The World Service uses a mediumwave transmitter at Orfordness to provide coverage to Europe, including on the frequency 648 kHz (which can be heard in the south-east of England).
		Shortwave transmitters are located in the United Kingdom (at Rampisham, Woofferton and Skelton), Antigua, Ascension Island, Canada, the United States, Singapore, Cyprus, and other locations.
		Because shortwave transmissions were not meeting BBC quality standards, transmissions directed to North America, where the Internet had rendered shortwave radio nearly archaic, came to an end on July 1 2001.
	88.208.194.172 /wiki/index.php/BBC_World_Service (1101 words)

	The IEE Watson Watt Lecture - The IET
		This was almost immediately followed by a demonstration in which Watson Watt used the BBC Empire shortwave transmitter at Daventry to detect a Heyford bomber passing overhead.
		Having proven the principle, Watson Watt sent a team to Orfordness to start working on a dedicated radar system and by June 1935 they had developed a simple pulsed radar system that could see a Scapa flying boat at 27km.
		Pulsed radar was born and the exploitation of BBC transmitters was forgotten, as the dedicated pulsed transmitter offered the immediate benefit of measuring the range of the aircraft.
	www.iee.org /Events/watsonwatt.cfm?PrintVersion=true (700 words)

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