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Topic: Organic Computing

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	Organic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Organic (model), forms, methods and patterns found in living systems, often used as a metaphor for non-living things.
		Organic disease, involving or affecting physiology or bodily organs.
		Organic (military), a military unit predominantly of one type (armour, infantry, artillery, etc.) may incorporate subunits of a different type, to improve combined arms capability e.g.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Organic (415 words)

	Biologically-inspired computing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Biologically-inspired computing (also bio-inspired computing) is a field of study that loosely knits together subfields related to the topics of connectionism, social behaviour and emergence.
		Bio-inspired computing and AI One way in which bio-inspired computing differs from artificial intelligence (AI) is in how it takes a more evolutionary approach to learning, as opposed to the what could be described as 'creationist' methods used in traditional AI.
		Bio-inspired computing, on the other hand, takes a more bottom-up, decentralised approach; bio-inspired techniques often involve the method of specifying a set of simple rules, a set of simple organisms which adhere to those rules, and a method of iteratively applying those rules.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Biologically-inspired_computing (506 words)

	Informatik 2006: Workshops
		Organic Computing has emerged recently as a challenging vision for future information processing systems.
		Organic Computing is based on the insight that we will soon be surrounded by large collections of autonomous systems, which are equipped with sensors and actuators, aware of their environment, communicating freely, and organizing themselves in order to perform the actions and services that seem to be required.
		Organic Computing has emerged as a challenging vision for future information processing systems.
	www.aifb.uni-karlsruhe.de /Forschungsgruppen/EffAlg/projekte/OCWS-GIJT06/index.htm (705 words)

	Organic Electronics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Organic compounds have been used for many years in computer components such as Integrated Circuits (ICs), but until recently, their use has been limited to providing protection for the inorganic semiconducting materials that are the heart of the IC.
		The doping of organic semiconductors is different from their inorganic counterparts in that organic compounds are oxidized to produce a scarcity of electrons (p-type) or reduced to an excess of electrons (n-type).
		There has been difficulty with developing n-type organic semiconductors that are air stable, because the oxidizing nature of the atmosphere tends to de-dope the electron rich n-type semiconductor, that is, atmospheric oxygen combines with the electrons in the semiconductor and reduces the doping level.
	www.bobhunkins.com /6332HPCA_OERDH.htm (1900 words)

	Breakthrough made on new era of computing (4/27/1998)
		The development takes computing a step away from the stable, binary world of silicon with its ones and zeros, toward the bizarre world of quantum physics, where reality sometimes seems to defy logic.
		Harris said he thinks a quantum computer would be useful for running exhaustive searches of databases and for finding prime numbers, which are used in code-breaking.
		In search of more powerful tools for code breaking or searching large databases, large computer companies such as IBM and Hewlett-Packard are already assembling teams of researchers in an effort to work on a generation of quantum computing systems which may come into their own sometime in the second decade of the next century.
	luciano.stanford.edu /nmrqc.html (1068 words)

	HIIT -Tommo Reti / Research Interests / Ubiquitous Computing- (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Organic computing investigates the design and implementation of self-managing systems that are selfconfiguring, self-optimizing, self-healing, self-protecting, context aware, and anticipatory.
		Computing to become invisible and a real help to our everyday tasks, we need not only ubiquitous computing, but proactive and context-aware computing, which could predict and anticipate what we need and provide it without difficult user-interface.
		The goal of ubiquitous computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless computing, voice recognition, Internet capability and artificial intelligence, is to create an environment where the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive and always available.
	www.hiit.fi /u/reti/interests/ubiquitous_computing.html (1122 words)

	Organic Computing
		Organic computing or autonomic computing respectively, tries to transfer principles of biological processes to information technology.
		Practical applications of our research on organic computing are visible with the Paderkickers, the Paderborn Robot Soccer Team and MEXI, a Robotic Head with Emotions.
		However, organic computing is not restricted to embedded systems or distributed networks.
	www.c-lab.de /en/operation-fields/computing/organic-computing (277 words)

	Gardening - Organic Gardening
		The simple answer is that organic gardeners don't use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides on their plants.
		Decaying plant wastes, such as grass clippings, fall leaves and vegetable scraps from your kitchen, are the building blocks of compost, the ideal organic matter for your garden soil.
		Plants adapted to your climate and conditions are better able to grow without a lot of attention or input; on the other hand, when you try to grow a plant that is not right for your site, you will probably have to boost its natural defenses to keep it healthy and productive.
	www.goldensurf.com /garden/organic_gardening.shtml (478 words)

	Fujitsu Computer Systems Large Enterprise Research and Devleopment R&D
		In today’s client-server computing paradigm, users are often limited to the performance and capabilities of their own PCs.
		Fujitsu, a leader in developing new servers, storage, and networks for organic computing, developed the first organic server prototype to seamlessly detect, analyze and optimize load balancing in real-time.
		Fujitsu developed organic storage is ideal for businesses which continually generate a large volume of data annually.
	www.computers.us.fujitsu.com /www/solutions.shtml?solutions/r&d (860 words)

	Soft Computing Home Page - Short Definition of Soft Computing
		Soft computing differs from conventional (hard) computing in that, unlike hard computing, it is tolerant of imprecision, uncertainty, partial truth, and approximation.
		The conceptual structure of soft computing suggests that students should be trained not just in fuzzy logic, neurocomputing, genetic programming, or probabilistic reasoning but in all of the associated methodologies, though not necessarily to the same degree.
		In many ways, soft computing represents a significant paradigm shift in the aims of computing - a shift which reflects the fact that the human mind, unlike present day computers, possesses a remarkable ability to store and process information which is pervasively imprecise, uncertain and lacking in categoricity.
	www.soft-computing.de /def.html (644 words)

	CNN.com - Is life the key to new tech? - Sep. 22, 2003
		But at present, DNA computers are little more than experimental toys, their power is on par with that of pocket calculators, and there is also no real life application in the market place.
		Scientists' caution that carbon-based or organic computers are unlikely to outdo their silicon-centered cousins, or microchips, anytime soon.
		Interfacing biology with silicon computers and getting neurons -- or nerve endings -- and cells to talk to chips maybe the most practical application, but at this stage the main stumbling block for bio-molecular computers is their production.
	www.cnn.com /2003/TECH/09/19/wow.tech.life.computing (779 words)

	[No title]
		Organic Computing aims to provide biologically inspired methods to deal with the growing complexity of software environments.
		While autonomic computing tries to solve these challenges in a top-down manner by mapping high level goals into low-level system behaviour, organic computing follows a bottom-up approach by creating an emergent behaviour to fulfil the high level goals of a system.
		Most of the organic and autonomic functionality affects several components of a Grid system, resulting in an intricate implementation which may eventually lead to reliability and code maintenance problems, contrary to the original aims of an organic system.
	ds.informatik.uni-marburg.de /de/research/project.php?name=omega (575 words)

	Research
		Organic Computing aims on technical systems which adapt dynamically to the current conditions of its environment.
		Organic Computing investigates the design and implementation of self-organizing systems that are self-configuring, self-optimizing, self-healing, self-protecting, self-describing, context aware, and anticipatory.
		Organic computing emphasizes on biological and organic-inspired systems and on the aspects of self-organization and emergence.
	www.informatik.uni-augsburg.de /en/chairs/sik/research (812 words)

	Organic Computing - DNA 'Motors' for Computer Processing Creates a Stir (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Yurke says the closing and opening of the V-ends of the DNA motor (also called a "tweezer" because of its V shape) are measured by the amount of light being given off - noting that more light means the V-end is open, and less means it's closed.
		Some scientists say that DNA, to be really effective for computing, would have to be used in test tubes because it works better in solution than as a solid material.
		Yurke and his colleagues believe that using DNA as a "scaffolding" with which to build better electronic computers might be the answer to these potential drawbacks.
	www.bell-labs.com /project/feature/archives/dna (755 words)

	Organic Computing Project Marching Pixels
		The goal of the project is to develop appropriate base technologies according to organic computing principles in order to meet the high requirements which are put by such a very sensible machine-human interaction.
		In such smart sensor systems a new organic computing paradigm is pursued which is denoted as marching pixels.
		Marching pixels are virtual organic units which are propagating in a pixel processor array, similar to virtual ants in ant algorithms, to carry out autonomously important pre-processing tasks, e.g.
	www2.informatik.uni-jena.de /oc/english.html (579 words)

	Organic Computing
		Once fully developed, Organic Computing will be a conceptual framework, indeed a branch of science, that will form the basis for understanding the organic structure of Life on its molecular, organismic, cognitive and societal levels, and for building an organically structured information technology.
		A system is called organic if all of its components and subsystems are well coordinated in a purposeful manner.
		Organic structures realize themselves as hierarchically nested processes, structured such as to be able to meet upcoming challenges by goal-oriented reactions.
	www.organic-computing.org /whatis/index.html (177 words)

	dataWarehouse.com \| Brought to you by DM Review
		For example, commercial computing stalwarts IBM, Intel, Hewlett-Packard (HP) and Sun recently announced they were forming the Globus Consortium to drive the technology into the mainstream for applications such as financial analysis, oil exploration and pharmaceutical testing.
		This new paradigm will enable heterogeneous computing resources of all kinds to be shared over networks and reallocated dynamically across applications, processes and users to a greater degree than ever before possible.
		If indeed grid computing and Web services begin to converge, then Web services will further the concept of "utility" computing; a wide variety of business applications, which depend upon "state" to complete complex tasks, will be able to be processed and accessed in a Web environment.
	www.datawarehouse.com /article/?articleid=5171 (1563 words)

	ComputerUser.com - Pursuits - There are challenges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		While the immediate future of computers is dominated by manufacturing processes that etch transistor circuitry of diminishing dimensions into layers of silicon, most engineers and scientists predict, within the next five to 10 years, limits to both the reduction in size of circuits and the speed of required data transfers.
		However, the hottest area of research for computing technology is focused on organic semiconductors, part of nanotechnology, which are organic only in the sense that they are based on carbon.
		It simply means that computer elements are made of carbon instead of silicon and operate on principles more familiar to biologists than electrical engineers.
	www.computeruser.com /articles/2012,3,6,1,1201,01.html (1564 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Oracle counting on grid computing
		Phillips said Oracle has been building on extensions of the grid computing concept for the last 10 years, devoting a "substantial" portion of its research and development (R&D) budget over the last four years on grid capabilities.
		Grid computing infrastructure pools large numbers of servers and storage into flexible resources for all enterprise computing needs and continually analyses demand for resources and adjusts supply accordingly.
		According to Phillips, the launch of Oracle's grid computing is timely as businesses face the pressure to standardise on low-cost high-density modular servers and storage based on technologies such as blade servers, Intel Itanium processors and Linux, and consolidation of clusters of servers and storage shared among one or more data centres.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=14067 (464 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Organic Computing is an endeavor to provide local individuals, small companies, and non-profits with web design, programming, and other computer based services.
		Organic Computing strives to use and promote progressive methods of computing such as open-source software and languages and energy efficiency with a local grassroots attitude.
		Organic Computing has a presence in San Diego, Los Angeles, and Central Oregon.
	www.organiccomputing.net (60 words)

	Complexity Philosophy as a Computing Paradigm
		In many cases it would be fair to say that conventional computing follows the paradigms common to conventional science, ideas that also form a strong part of our social and educational predispositions.
		The computational requirements needed to apply these features to programs are then outlined, followed by the problems that remain and some suggested approaches.
		There is probably more raw computational power in the organisms inhabiting a spoonful of soil than in all of the world's computers added together.
	www.calresco.org /lucas/compute.htm (8224 words)

	Molecular Computing, 17th International Conference on Architecture of Computing Systems - Organic and Pervasive ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		System design and management complexity increase to a level where a new paradigm may provide help: Organic computing (also known as autonomic computing) borrows from analogies between complex technical and biological systems.
		Organic computing investigates the design and implementation of self-managing systems that are self-configuring, self-optimizing, self-healing, self-protecting, context aware, and anticipatory.
		ARCS 2004 will emphasize the design, realization and analysis of the emerging organic and pervasive systems and their scientific, engineering, and commercial applications.
	www.uni-regensburg.de /Fakultaeten/nat_Fak_II/forschung/cuniberti/pages/event_events65.html (252 words)

	Higher Performance with Less CPUs
		The difference between parallel computing and reconfigurable computing is often blurred by projects labeled "reconfigurable," which, in fact are based on classical concurrency on a single chip.
		Major supercomputer vendors went to reconfigurable computing, where a highly welcome side effect of migration to FPGAs is the massive reduction of the electricity bill (by one order of magnitude) and of the equipment cost.
		A computational density by 4 OoM higher than an FPGA is obtained by using a rDPA (reconfigurable DataPath Array) with rDPUs instead of CPUs.
	www.hpcwire.com /hpc/708999.html (1840 words)

	Natural Genesis
		Computer and system architectures are becoming more animate in kind as they gain capabilities of adaptive self-organization.
		The international high energy physics community is assembling an interlinked computational grid to process and share vast data-sets.
		The future of optical, holographic, and quantum computers and worldwide communications presage an immense expansion of human mental abilities.
	www.naturalgenesis.net /default.taf?_page=5&_start=49&_function=bib&ID=19&_UserReference=C0A8C80446B6C6BFC65D79634664428DDDA1 (771 words)

	nV News Forums - The end: 5 years
		This makes it seem, to me, that organic computing could never attain as high a computing power/volume ratio as quantum computing (speaking purely from logic...I don't know about any existing research on organic computing).
		Because organic computing works at a much higher level, it stands to reason that it would require a much better understanding of atomic and molecular interactions than we now have.
		Biocomputing would be better (organic computing, from a technical perspective, would seem to mean carbon-based computing...carbon-based semiconductors certainly are possible, if unfeasible to build).
	www.nvnews.net /vbulletin/printthread.php?t=11851 (1289 words)

	Adaptive System Architectures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Embedded Systems, ubiquitous computing, and networked architectures are research areas in computer science where the features of organic computing become increasingly essential.
		Adaptive computing systems are a promising completion to classical computer architectures.
		Adaptive Computing Systems (ACS) offers the opportunity to adapt the whole architecture or parts of the architecture to the changing needs of applications or changing environments.
	csdl2.computer.org /persagen/DLAbsToc.jsp?resourcePath=/dl/proceedings/&toc=comp/proceedings/ipdps/2004/2132/04/2132toc.xml&DOI=10.1109/IPDPS.2004.1303130 (263 words)

	Organic battery to enable backups during power failures !
		NEC is working on a small organic radical battery for desktop PC, that can keep a computer running during power outages.
		The company said it is developing a high-power organic radical battery (ORB) in a size and weight of a typical cellphone battery (55 x 43 x 4 mm; 88 grams) and able to deliver a maximum power of 35 watts.
		NEC said that its technology is based on organic polymer and uses electrochemical reaction of the organic radical "2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinoxy-4-yl methacrylate."
	www.cdrinfo.com /forum/tm.asp?m=115966&mpage=1&key=& (407 words)

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