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	Organic Chemistry - MSN Encarta
		Organic chemists determine the structures of organic molecules, study their various reactions, and develop procedures for the synthesis of organic compounds.
		Organic chemistry has had a profound effect on modern life: It has improved natural materials and it has synthesized natural and artificial materials that have, in turn, improved health, increased comfort, and added to the convenience of nearly every product manufactured today.
		The advent of organic chemistry is often associated with the discovery in 1828 by the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler that the inorganic, or mineral, substance called ammonium cyanate could be converted in the laboratory to urea, an organic substance found in the urine of many animals.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555199/Organic_Chemistry.html (888 words)

	MrSci.com: All Science, All the Time
		Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds that by definition contain carbon.
		Organic compounds tend to be much more soluble in organic solvents such as ether or alcohol, but the solubility in each solute depends upon the functional groups present and on the overall structure.
		Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds...
	www.mrsci.com /chemistry/organic.html (1042 words)

	organic
		Organic matter in soils is represented by plant debris or litter in various stages of decomposition through to humus and includes the living organisms in the soil.
		The dead organic matter of the soil is colonized by (micro)organisms, which derive energy for growth from the oxidative decomposition of complex organic molecules.
		They can be classified in heterotrophs, which require C in the form of organic molecules for growth, and the autotrophs, which can synthesize their cell substance from the C of CO, harnessing the energy of sunlight (in the case of photosynthetic bacteria and algae) or chemical energy from the oxidation of inorganic compounds (the chemoautotrophs).
	www.soils.wisc.edu /courses/SS325/organic.htm (4985 words)

	cen-chemjobs: Job Seeker - Organice Chemistry
		Organic chemistry is that branch of chemistry that deals with the structure, properties, and reactions of compounds that contain carbon.
		For example, nature may provide a molecule such as a complex antibiotic, an antitumor agent, or a replacement for a hormone such as insulin; organic chemists determine the structure of this newly discovered molecule and then modify it to enhance the desired activity and specificity of action, while decreasing undesired side effects.
		Organic chemists often say that in addition to making the work interesting, the challenge of finding a process or product that works in the midst of numerous ideas that do not pan out is often a learning experience.
	pubs.acs.org /chemjobs/jobseeker/articles/job_organic.html (2234 words)

	Organic chemistry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Organic chemistry is a specific discipline within the subject of chemistry.
		Organic chemistry received a boost when it was realized that these compounds could be treated in ways similar to inorganic compounds and could be manufactured by means other than 'vital force'.
		Common synthetic organic polymers are polyethylene or polythene, polypropylene, nylon, teflon or PTFE, polystyrene, polyesters, polymethylmethacrylate (commonly known as perspex or plexiglas) polyvinylchloride or PVC, and polyisobutylene important artificial or synthetic rubber also the polymerised butadiene, a rubber component.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Organic_chemistry (2764 words)

	Dummies::Recognizing the Roles of Organic Chemists (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Enzymes are very large organic molecules, and are the worker bees of cells, catalyzing (speeding up) all of the reactions in the cell.
		Physical organic chemists, in particular, study the underlying principles and behaviors of organic molecules.
		Physical organic chemists are also interested in spectroscopy and photochemistry, both of which study the interactions of light with molecules.
	www.dummies.com /WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-3244.html (1229 words)

	School of Chemical and Physical Sciences \| Victoria University of Wellington (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Organic chemistry is the study of carbon-based molecules.
		Physical organic chemistry is concerned with the "why’s" of carbon based molecules, synthetic organic chemistry is concerned with making carbon based molecules, and bio-organic chemistry is concerned with how molecules in biological systems behave.
		Second and third year courses in organic chemistry (CHEM 201 and CHEM 301) further explore the applications of organic reactivity and synthesis, how molecules are made in biological systems and how organic chemists determine structure.
	www.vuw.ac.nz /scps/school_posters/chem/organic_chem.aspx (539 words)

	Rajca Research Group at UNL
		Our research is in the area of Organic Chemistry with emphasis on the design, synthesis and study of molecules with novel molecular structure and chemical properties.
		This work is important to the understanding of organic magnetism and to the quest for organic magnets.
		A number of chiral organic molecules with interesting molecular structure and properties are being prepared in our research group.
	www.chem.unl.edu /rajca/rajcahome.html (325 words)

	Organic Molecules, Laboratory Notes for BIO 1003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		In general, the larger molecules in each class are formed by joining one or more building block molecules together in a dehydration synthesis reaction during which a molecule of water is formed for each building block added.
		Large molecules are broken down into the smaller building block molecules by a reverse reaction called hydrolysis during which water is added.
		At the center of the molecule is the alpha carbon which is bonded to four different groups: (1) an amino group (NH), (2) a carboxyl group (COOH), (3) a hydrogen atom and (4) the R group (also called the side chain).
	faculty.baruch.cuny.edu /jwahlert/bio1003/organic_background.html (1377 words)

	Organic Chemistry
		An organic molecule (hydrocarbon) is formed when carbon bonds to hydrogen.
		Basic organic chemistry can be thought of as a molecular Erector Set, if you know the number of carbon atoms and the type of bonds in a molecule, you can build the molecular structure.
		Methane, for example, is released by decaying organic matter and is the main compound in natural gas.
	web.jjay.cuny.edu /~acarpi/NSC/10-organic.htm (934 words)

	Artemis Project: Organic Molecules on the Moon
		The questions of organic molecules and life on the moon might keep the Artemis Society's Lunar Science Technical Committee debating for years.
		Organic molecules are a necessary but not sufficient indicator of life as we know it.
		Organic molecules can be created by non-living chemical processes.
	www.asi.org /adb/m/08/organic-molecules.html (422 words)

	Space molecules point to organic origins - 09 January 2004 - New Scientist
		Two hydrocarbon molecules called anthracene and pyrene occur in a nebula called the Red Rectangle, 1000 light years from Earth, according to results presented at the American Astronomical Society meeting in Atlanta, Georgia.
		The two molecules contain 24 and 26 atoms respectively, making them about twice the size of the previous record holder, a molecular chain of 13 atoms.
		Organic molecules like these must have rained down on the early Earth, and may have helped life to begin.
	www.newscientist.com /article.ns?id=dn4552 (451 words)

	Oldest complex organic molecules found in ancient fossils
		Though the organic molecules could be classified as pigments, nobody can be sure that they functioned as pigments inside these ancient animals, the geologists emphasized.
		Because the molecules appear to be a little different for each species of crinoid, scientists can now use the pigments as biomarkers to map relationships on the creatures' family tree.
		"Crinoid skeleton is very porous, and we think that when inorganic molecules filled in the spaces of the skeleton during preservation, some of the organic molecules were trapped inside the fossil," she said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-10/osu-oco102306.php (773 words)

	Department of Chemistry at McMaster: Organic Research
		The organic chemistry subdiscipline at McMaster covers the five major areas or organic chemistry: synthetic, physical organic, bioorganic, polymer and photochemistry.
		Examples of this type of activity include the use of enzymes in organic synthesis and the development of organosilicon compounds as synthetic reagents.
		Physical Organic Chemistry is concerned with the structure of organic molecules, and with the mechanisms of chemical reactions.
	www.chemistry.mcmaster.ca /research/organic.html (853 words)

	NASA - Astrobiology - Latest News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Organic molecules are the raw materials of life.
		Identifying the sources of organics that formed the first life on Earth is one of astrobiology's primary objectives.
		There is growing evidence that organic molecules are present in space, and that organics may even form inside comets.
	astrobiology.arc.nasa.gov /news/expandnews.cfm?id=597 (1256 words)

	Stardust Finds Organic Molecules
		"The organic material analyzed with CIDA in the interstellar dust particles is another type of reactive molecules which we found in the dust of comet Halley 14 years ago" says Dr. Kissel.
		The largest molecules found in space so far are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) which reach masses of a few hundred mass units.
		Such three dimensional molecules can form links to their neighbours and reach a thermal stability necessary to survive the trip into the inner solar system with 300 to 350 Kelvin (70 to 180 degrees Fahrenheit).
	www.spacedaily.com /news/stardust-00c.html (681 words)

	ESA Science & Technology: ISO finds the precursors of the complex organic molecules in space
		A group of Spanish astronomers have detected for the first time outside the Solar System two molecules that could be the precursors for the formation of the more complex organic compounds.
		The study of the complex organic molecules in space, the so-called 'PAH' (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons), is rapidly advancing with ISO.
		Among them we quickly identified two new molecules, di- and tri-acetylene, which are present in the planets of the Solar System but had not been found before in the interstellar space.
	sci.esa.int /science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=12850 (700 words)

	ScienceDaily: Scientists Reinvent DNA As Template To Produce Organic Molecules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Researchers Find Synthetic Molecules That May Literally Be The Key To "Locking Away" Unwanted DNA (April 19, 2002) -- Research chemists have a found a class of synthetic molecules that could quite literally act as a key which could lock away sections of DNA into a closely wound coil preventing proteins from...
		Clay Material May Have Acted As 'Primordial Womb' For First Organic Molecules (November 12, 2005) -- Arizona State University geochemist Lynda Williams and her colleagues have discovered that clay minerals under conditions at the bottom of the ocean may have acted as incubators for the first organic...
		Organic chemistry -- Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds that by definition contain carbon.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/08/040820083639.htm (1897 words)

	Plastic Chips: New materials boost organic electronics: Science News Online, Aug. 30, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Components made from such organic materials could be flexible, as well as cheaper and easier to manufacture than their silicon counterparts.
		A rod-shaped organic molecule made of six thiophene units forms the basis for each type of material.
		The closer the molecules are to each other, the faster a charge can hop from one molecule to another in either type of semiconductor.
	www.sciencenews.org /20030830/fob5.asp (609 words)

	SparkNotes: Structure of Alkanes: Introduction to Organic Molecules
		As the term "organic" implies, organic chemistry had its origins in the study of natural compounds extracted from living organisms.
		The task of organic chemists is two-fold: to study organic molecules from a theoretical perspective and to learn new strategies for the synthesis and application of complex molecules in these industries.
		The simplest organic molecules are hydrocarbons, compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
	www.sparknotes.com /chemistry/organic2/alkanes/section1.html (624 words)

	Rajca Research Group at UNL: Very High-Spin Organic Molecules and Polymers
		Design and synthesis of high-spin organic molecules and polymers are among important aspects in the development of novel magnetic materials, particularly organic magnets.
		The molecular designs are aimed at π-conjugated organic molecules with half-filled topologically degenerated or nearly degenerated non-bonding molecular orbitals (NBMOs).
		This molecule has an overall shape of a prolate ellipsoid with diameter of 4 and 2 nm, as determined by Monte Carlo conformational search and SANS (Small Angle Neutron Scattering) experiments.
	www.chem.unl.edu /rajca/highspin.html (742 words)

	Interstellar Molecules-Evolutionary cycle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Molecules have been observed in astronomical environments as diverse as comets in the solar system and galaxies at the highest redshifts.
		Carbon chains are unsaturated organic linear molecules not seen on Earth because of their instability in our oxygen-containing atmosphere.
		Molecules responsible for origin of life, it seems, already started forming in the interstellar medium.
	www.shantanurastogi.homestead.com /files/ismol.html (542 words)

	BBC News \| SCI/TECH \| Organic molecules found in 'stardust'
		The first measurements of interstellar dust particles by Nasa's Stardust spacecraft suggest they are made of tar-like molecules that scientists believe could have played an important role in the origin of life on Earth.
		Only organic (carbon-based) molecules can reach these sizes, which are far larger than anything that has been found in space before.
		The biggest molecules previously found in space are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which reach a few hundred mass units.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/sci/tech/734780.stm (407 words)

	Organic Molecules 01 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A variation is the architecture of organic molecules can be seen in isomers - compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures and hence different properties.
		A polymer is a molecule formed by linking a large number of small molecules of the same type (monomers) into long chains or networks.
		One of the characteristics of life is the presence of organic molecules.
	kilby.sac.on.ca /faculty/dgalajda/oacbiology/organic_molecules_01.htm (2415 words)

	ODU Biology 108N: Organic Molecules - Functional Groups
		Most of the organic molecules you have been introduced to at this point have consisted of only carbon and hydrogen.
		These molecules are not very reactive and are nonpolar (do not dissolve in water).
		These distinctive properties of organic molecules depends not only the hydrocarbons but also molecular components attached to the carbon skeletons.
	www.lions.odu.edu /~knesius/miniunits/alpha/alpha07.htm (587 words)

	Organic compound - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen; therefore, carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and elementary carbon are not organic (see below for more on the definition controversy for this word).
		The study of organic compounds is termed organic chemistry, and since it is a vast collection of chemicals (over half of all known chemical compounds), systems have been devised to classify organic compounds.
		Generally speaking, organic compounds are often defined as those compounds which have carbon-hydrogen bonds, and inorganic compounds, those without.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Organic_molecules (563 words)

	Organic molecules hitchhiking on comets could have sowed the seeds for life on Earth
		The severity of the laboratory impact was akin to that of an oblique collision between the rocky surface of Earth and a comet coming in at an angle of less than 25 degrees from the horizon.
		One well-known model for the beginnings of life on Earth posits that terrestrial life sprang from complex molecules such as amino acids and sugars produced by electrical discharges in a primeval atmosphere replete with gases such as methane, hydrogen, ammonia and water.
		Astronomers have detected many kinds of organic molecules in space, floating in clouds of gas or bound up in dust particles.
	science.nasa.gov /headlines/y2001/ast05apr_1.htm (1331 words)

	The Chemistry of Organic Molecules (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Organic molecules have carbon bonded to other atoms and determine structure and function of living things.
		Cells are 70-90% water; the degree organic molecules interact with water affects their function.
		Polysaccharides are chains of glucose molecules or modified glucose molecules (chitin).
	www.sirinet.net /~jgjohnso/apbio3.html (1599 words)

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