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Topic: Organic Semiconductors

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	Organic Semiconductors for Low-Cost Solar Cells
		Organic semiconductors that can be dissolved in common solvents and sprayed or printed onto substrates are very promising candidates for this application.
		The main difference between organic semiconductors and inorganic semiconductors as photovoltaic materials is that optical excitations of organic semiconductors create bound electron-hole pairs (called excitons) that are not effectively split by the electric field (Gregg, 2003).
		Excitons in organic semiconductors that are not split eventually recombine either radiatively or nonradiatively, thereby reducing the quantum efficiency of a solar cell.
	www.nae.edu /NAE/bridgecom.nsf/weblinks/MKEZ-6LULZ6?OpenDocument (2849 words)

	organic photovoltaics and LEDs
		Schematic of a junction between two organic semiconductors, an anthracene derivative containing free positive ions and a ruthenium, complex containing negative ions.
		Since organic semiconductors can be made in thin, flexible sheets, they could create displays on cloth or paper.
		Semiconductors -- organic or otherwise -- are materials that contain either an excess of free electrons (N-type) or "holes" (P-type).
	www.news.cornell.edu /stories/Sept06/ionicJunctions.ws.html (684 words)

	Organic electronics: Introduction
		They were first used in the packaging of semiconductor chips, where low-cost epoxy materials found applications as insulation for wiring in the fabrication of printed wiring boards and as encapsulants to provide support/protection and hence reliability for the chips [4, 5].
		However, organic systems offer a great deal of flexibility in their synthesis, and as chemists develop new materials and learn how to better order and process them, it is hoped that mobility will continue to improve, perhaps reaching the performance of polysilicon and expanding the applications of such materials for low-cost logic chips.
		By tailoring the size and composition of the inorganic core, and the length and chemical functionality of the organic capping layer, the electronic [27], optical, and magnetic [28] properties of these materials can be studied as a function of size, perhaps providing a fundamental understanding of the limits of scaling for storage and semiconductors.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/451/shaw.html (2589 words)

	IEEE Spectrum: The dawn of organic electronics
		Organic semiconductors have been the subjects of intense scientific investigation for the past 50 years.
		Organic materials' weak intermolecular bonds in the solid state give them properties of both semiconductors and insulators; so their study has deepened our fundamental understanding of the electronic and optical properties of solids.
		But, organic semiconductors attracted industrial interest when it was recognized that many of them are photoconductive under visible light.
	www.spectrum.ieee.org /oct05/1578 (676 words)

	Organic semiconductor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Semiconductors are compounds whose electrical conductivity is midway between that of typical metals and that of insulating compounds.
		This type of semiconductor is also obtained by pairing an electron donor molecule and an electron acceptor molecule and is called a charge transfer complex.
		Analogous rigid-backbone organic semiconductors are now-used as active elements in optoelectronic devices such as organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), organic solar cells, organic field effect transistors (OFET), electrochemical transistors and recently also in biosensing applications.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Organic_semiconductor (719 words)

	Organic thin-film transistors: A review of recent advances
		For a specific organic semiconductor that already has an entry in Table 1 and Figure 1 for a previous year, a new mobility value is entered only if it is higher than the value of the preceding entry.
		In organic semiconductors, both the properties of the individual molecules and the structural order of the molecules in the film determine the macroscopic properties of the material.
		Organic semiconductors such as pentacene, deposited by vacuum sublimation, remain the best performers because of their very well ordered structures, resulting from the use of this highly controllable deposition method.
	www.research.ibm.com /journal/rd/451/dimitrakopoulos.html (7315 words)

	Organic semiconductor outlook
		Most early applications of organic semiconductors require them to work in concert with conventional devices, tying their fortunes to those of the larger semiconductor industry.
		Organic semiconductors are likely to be constrained by these cycles as long as they used in combination with inorganic semiconductors.
		Organic photovoltaics are promising, but must achieve significant efficiency improvements in order to match the price/performance of amorphous silicon solar cells.
	www.thinfilmmfg.com /subscribers/article03/organic20Feb03.htm (1861 words)

	Students projects and WEB 2004.FC.3
		Organic semiconductors have come under intensive investigation in the last 10 years because of their novel physics and the unusual possibility of cheap fabrication of large area optoelectronic devices (light-emitting diodes, LEDs, photovoltaic diodes, PVDs, transistors) via technologically robust solution-process methodologies (spin-coating, ink-jet printing, etc).
		In solid state physics and more specifically in the area of organic semiconductors, this provides the unique opportunity for investigating, optically, mesoscopic phenomena which occur in homogeneous and heterogeneous structures (such as polymer blends).
		A possible way that we see to enhance the potential of organic semiconductors for fast and efficient information processing is to use the spin rather than charge degree of freedom as the physical realization of the information that is being transferred, stored or processed.
	www.cmmp.ucl.ac.uk /~fc/Organic_semiconductors.htm (3967 words)

	IEEE Spectrum: The dawn of organic electronics
		Organic semiconductors have been the subjects of intense scientific investigation for the past 50 years.
		Organic materials' weak intermolecular bonds in the solid state give them properties of both semiconductors and insulators; so their study has deepened our fundamental understanding of the electronic and optical properties of solids.
		But, organic semiconductors attracted industrial interest when it was recognized that many of them are photoconductive under visible light.
	spectrum.ieee.org /archive/1578 (650 words)

	Organic Semiconductors at Ohio U (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Another area of molecular electronics pursued is organic semiconductors, systems that exhibit conjugation and/or pi-to-pi interactions.
		For organic semiconductors, usually p-type behavior is observed, either due to easier hole injection or due to doping (e.g.
		To realize ambipolar behavior for organic thin films, we utilize a novel device geometry that allows for the observation of both hole and electron currents in pentacene OFETs, due to the symmetric electric fields at the contacts.
	www.phys.vt.edu /~soghomon/organicVS1.htm (355 words)

	EETimes.com - Organic polymers to precede nano semi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Organic LEDs are more flexible, cost less and, yet, are more colorful because they emit light rather than just filter a backlight, like LCDs.
		Organic chemists are beginning to synthesize all the common components on the molecular scale, but in a beaker.
		Organic semiconductors also hold the promise of making memories with an organic molecule as the switching element-switching either electrically or optically-so that very dense arrays can store bits on individual molecules.
	www.eetimes.com /story/OEG20030923S0055 (1419 words)

	Organic semiconductors make cheap, flexible photovoltaics and LEDs
		Schematic of a junction between two organic semiconductors, an anthracene derivative containing free positive ions and a ruthenium, complex containing negative ions.
		Since organic semiconductors can be made in thin, flexible sheets, they could create displays on cloth or paper.
		Semiconductors -- organic or otherwise -- are materials that contain either an excess of free electrons (N-type) or "holes" (P-type).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-09/cuns-osm090706.php (661 words)

	Organic semiconductors in a spin - Physics World - physicsworld.com
		Inorganic semiconductors such as silicon and gallium arsenide are essential for countless applications in everyday life, ranging from PCs to CD players.
		However, while they offer unrivalled computational speed, inorganic semiconductors are also rigid and brittle, which means that they are less suited to applications such as displays and flexible electronics.
		Organic semiconductors have many attractive features: they are easy to make, they can emit visible light, and there is tremendous scope for tailoring their properties to specific applications by changing their chemical structure.
	www.physicsweb.org /articles/world/15/12/4 (628 words)

	cintelliq - organic semiconductors: an industry overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Organic semiconductor technology has evolved to the point where not only is it now technically feasible to manufacture beautiful displays, as demonstrated by companies such as Cambridge Display Technology, Kodak, Philips and others, but it is now possible to build solar cells, electronic circuits, bio-sensors, memory and lighting.
		To understand how the organic semiconductor industry is structured it is best to think about it as existing as three distinct layers of varying complexity and integration.
		While the appetite for more investment in organic semiconductor technology will continue for many years to come it is reassuring for investors to know that exit routes do exist.
	www.cintelliq.com /res_overview.htm (1716 words)

	Inkjet printers start cranking out microchips \| CNET News.com
		The company has officially opened a factory in Linz, Austria, that produces organic semiconductors, which are chips made by spraying intricate patterns of specialized ink onto layers of foil and polymer.
		Organic semiconductors, however, won't function as memory chips in computers or as processors.
		Instead, organic semiconductors will be targeted at one-time-only applications such as water purity testers: insert a water drop and the chip will analyze the chemicals floating inside of the drop.
	news.com.com /2100-1006_3-6166429.html (661 words)

	Very Small Optoelectronic Modulator and Photodetector Devices Based on Organic Semiconductors (599)
		Organic semiconductors are increasingly drawing interest as a way not only to shrink, but to lower the cost of manufacturing microelectronic devices.
		Organic modulator and photodetector devices would enable board-level optical interconnects that could alleviate the ever-tightening electrical interconnection bottleneck and could provide greater computational power for military and commercial uses.
		Organic modulator and photodetector devices also could be used in nonintegrated optical transceivers and optical interconnects for low-cost optical communications, particularly for metro/regional and local optical networks.
	www.mdatechnology.net /techsearch.asp?articleid=599 (798 words)

	Organic Transistors Painted On Fabric - Technology News by TechWeb
		Additional uses of organic semiconductors would be for temperature control (to warm bodies in cold weather, and cool them in hot weather), for dynamic fabric porousness (to control sweating), for physiological monitoring (to monitor vital signs like blood pressure and glucose levels,) and environmental monitoring (to check for radiation exposure and biological agents.)
		The next step is to actually "weave" organic semiconductors onto fabric -- a development she believes can be reached in a year or so.
		Organic semiconductor technology utilizes solution processing, which, Lee says, is by definition very much cheaper than traditional semiconductor processes that require expensive equipment and clean rooms.
	www.techweb.com /wire/story/TWB20031215S0016 (517 words)

	Organic, Molecular and Nanostructured Electronics - Physics and Technology
		In describing organic photosensitive devices we will first introduce the concept of an exciton, the molecular or aggregate unit excitation that fundamentally governs the operation of all organic optoelectronic devices.
		Throughout the course, the themes which will permeate all device discussions are the microstructure of the semiconductor films, the physical origin of the relevant optical and electronic processes, uniqueness of the organic material set and its potential to change manufacturing paradigms in 21st century electronics.
		In his present research Bulovic studies physical properties of organic and inorganic nanostructured thin films, and their use in novel organic and hybrid optoelectronic devices.
	web.mit.edu /mitpep/pi/courses/organic_electronics.html (1158 words)

	RFID, OLED, Organic Semiconductors and Electronic Ink \| Organic Matter
		This is where Organic (in a chemical sense: containing carbon) Semiconductors come in.
		Until this discovery semiconductors were limited to rigid crystalline inorganic materials, which must be extremely pure, and require very precise processing under highly demanding conditions.
		Many different firms are heavily investing in research of organic semiconductor technology so that the most expensive part of RFID manufacturing, the copper and silicon semiconductor, could be replaced and a cheap RFID could be achieved.
	www.organicmatter.net /node/77 (956 words)

	Current Research Projects of the Novel Materials Lab @ BU
		Organic superconductors have been the subject of intense study due to the challenge they pose to our understanding of the physical properties of complex solids and due to technological interest in developing advanced carbon-based electronic devices.
		Wide band gap nitride semiconductors are the focus of intense scientific scrutiny due to their numerous potential applications in optoelectronic and high temperature devices.
		Organic semiconductors have been the subject of intense study due to technological interest in developing carbon-based electronic devices, and due to the challenge they pose to our understanding of the physical properties of complex solids.
	physics.bu.edu /~ksmith/esg.htg/Research.html (1012 words)

	Organic Semiconductors
		Semiconductors are also ubiquitous: they are the basis of electronics and optoelectronics, with countless applications in information technology, telecommunications, entertainment and medical equipment to name but a few.
		The OSC is also developping semiconducting dendrimers as a major new class of organic semiconductor.
		Organic semiconductors are poised to give us flat and even flexible electronics.
	www.st-andrews.ac.uk /~osc/org-semi.html (438 words)

	Organic Semiconductors Make Flexible Photovoltaics, LEDs
		ITHACA, N.Y., Sept. 12, 2006 -- A new type of organic semiconductor device which shows electroluminescence and acts as a photovoltaic cell could be used to create displays on cloth or paper, possibly leading to the making of T-shirts that light up or a beach umbrella that collects solar energy to power a portable TV.
		The device, created by researchers at Cornell University, is the first to use an "ionic junction," which the scientists said could lead to improved performance.
		When the two are joined, ions diffuse across the junction creating a difference in energy levels that facilitates rectification, electroluminescence and photovoltaic response.
	www.photonics.com /content/news/2006/September/12/84423.aspx (803 words)

	EETimes.com - The glitch may be in makeup of organic polymer molecules
		Instead of requiring pure crystalline silicon wafers as a substrate, organic semiconductors can make due with a preparatory polymer film sprayed on almost any surface-say the wall of your family room, or the side of a building.
		Instead of diffusion, defects and doping, with organic semiconductors all you have to do is mix up the chemicals slightly differently, to tailor the materials compared to the expense, time and specialized high-temperature equipment needed to process silicon as a semiconductor.
		If organic semiconductors can be formulated to make them more stable in harsh environments, such a "weather-proof" organic material would require no encapsulation.
	www.eetimes.com /story/OEG20030923S0056 (708 words)

	Plastic Chips: New materials boost organic electronics: Science News Online, Aug. 30, 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Components made from such organic materials could be flexible, as well as cheaper and easier to manufacture than their silicon counterparts.
		Now researchers at Northwestern University in Evanston, Ill., and Lucent Technologies in Murray Hill, N.J., have devised a new class of organic semiconductor materials that could hasten the arrival of what could be the electronics revolution's next big wave.
		A rod-shaped organic molecule made of six thiophene units forms the basis for each type of material.
	www.sciencenews.org /20030830/fob5.asp (609 words)

	Organic Semiconductors
		Organic semiconductors can be deposited on thin plastic films and so are flexible, durable, inexpensive, and can be used to a much vaster extent than inorganic semiconductors.
		It is possible that a computer using organic semiconductors can be placed on a piece of plastic which can be rolled up for easy storage.
		Unfortunately, organic semiconductors are limited by low carrier mobility, poor efficiency, large operating voltages and short device lifetimes.
	www.people.cornell.edu /pages/aaf26/orgsemis.html (166 words)

	Newswise Science News \| Organic Semiconductors Bring Foldable Computer Screens Closer
		Scientists have used proteins to manufacture new organic semiconductors -- called electronic peptides -- which could lead to lighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic devices within the next two years.
		The new semiconductors, called electronic peptides, could lead to lighter, cheaper and more flexible electronic devices within the next two years, the researchers say.
		The most popular application for semiconductors like the peptides is in flat screen displays, since these semiconductors use less energy than the materials in current computer monitors.
	www.newswise.com /articles/view/510768 (683 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Organics Semicoductors are based on the unusual properties of the carbon atom: Among other configurations, it can form the so-called sp
		The transport properties of such polymers are usually determined by defects in the 1D-chains or by hopping from chain to chain.
		Polymer organic semiconductors are usually deposited in wet processes, like spin-on or doctor blading.
	ppprs1.phy.tu-dresden.de /orgworld/contents/organics (398 words)

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