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Topic: Organic substance

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	MSN Encarta - Organic Chemistry
		Organic chemists determine the structures of organic molecules, study their various reactions, and develop procedures for the synthesis of organic compounds.
		Organic chemistry has had a profound effect on modern life: It has improved natural materials and it has synthesized natural and artificial materials that have, in turn, improved health, increased comfort, and added to the convenience of nearly every product manufactured today.
		The advent of organic chemistry is often associated with the discovery in 1828 by the German chemist Friedrich Wöhler that the inorganic, or mineral, substance called ammonium cyanate could be converted in the laboratory to urea, an organic substance found in the urine of many animals.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761555199/Organic_Chemistry.html (884 words)

	Humus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The mineralisation process that converts raw organic matter to the relatively stable substance that is humus feeds the soil population of micro-organisms and other creatures, thus maintaining high and healthy levels of soil life.
		Humus is a colloidal substance, and increases the soil's cation exchange capacity, hence its ability to store nutrients on clay particles; thus whilst these nutrient cations are accessible to plants, they are held in the soil safe from leaching away by rain or irrigation.
		Toxic substances such as heavy metals, as well as excess nutrients, can be chelated (that is, bound to the complex organic molecules of humus) and prevented from entering the wider ecosystem.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Humus (814 words)

	Method for analyzing organic substances - Patent 4296322
		Organic substances, particularly those derived from a chromatograph, are analyzed by subjecting such a substance to laser radiation to produce negative ions of the substance, and by subjecting those negative ions to mass spectrometry, preferably time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
		Such a procedure required a solution of the substance being examined in the carrier liquid of the liquid chromatograph, i.e., it is unsuitable for the analysis of solid organic substances.
		It is the object of the present invention to provide a method for the analysis of organic substances which also permits the analysis of organic substances having particularly large molecules without increasing the difficulty of evaluating the resulting mass spectra as a result of multiple ionization.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4296322.html (1193 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0050009908 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For example the substance and inhibitor may be dissolved in a suitable organic solvent followed by removal of the solvent to leave a mixture of the substance and inhibitor.
		The water-miscible organic solvent is selected such that the inhibitor and the substantially water-insoluble substance each have a sufficient solubility in the water miscible organic solvent to enable a precipitate of the substantially water-insoluble substance to form when the first solution is combined with the aqueous phase.
		The upper concentration of the substantially water-insoluble substance in the water-miscible organic solvent is determined by the solubility of the substance in the solvent.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO2&Sect2=HITOFF&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/search-bool.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&co1=AND&d=PG01&s1=20050009908&OS=20050009908&RS=20050009908 (9461 words)

	ORGANIC FERTILIZERS
		Some organic materials, particularly composted manures and sludges, are sold as soil conditioners and do not have a nutrient guarantee stated on the package, although small amounts of nutrients are present.
		The ingredients used to fortify organic fertilizers are organic materials; for example, rock phosphate to increase phosphorus, or greensand to increase potash.
		Organic fertilizers depend on soil organisms to break them down to release nutrients; therefore, most are effective only when soil is moist and warm enough for the microorganisms to be active.
	www.ext.vt.edu /departments/envirohort/factsheets2/fertilizer/jan89pr6.html (827 words)

	Lead, organic (PIM 302)
		In case of ingestion of organic lead compounds or exposure to vapours, it is mandatory to decontaminate the patient and remove him from further exposure.
		The treatment of organic lead poisoning is mainly symptomatic: in acute phase, the drugs of choice are diazepam to control convulsive seizures, and mannitol and steroids to reduce cerebral oedema.
		The role of chelating agents in acute organic lead poisoning is controversial.The risks of chelation include depletion of essential metals due to rapid mobilization and, after oral administration, impaired absorption from the gastrointestinal tract.
	www.inchem.org /documents/pims/chemical/organlea.htm (4226 words)

	United States Patent Application: 0040006262
		The method of claim 11 which further includes: (e) correlating the level of the inorganic or organic substance or at least one of its metabolites in the skin surface, underlying tissue or blood circulation with the extracted levels of the inorganic or organic substance, at least one of its metabolites or combinations thereof.
		The method of claim 13 wherein the organic substance is glucose and the metabolites of glucose comprise lactic acid and pyruvic acid.
		The method of claim 13 wherein the organic substance is a pharmaceutical agent used in therapy for disease conditions in a mammal.
	appft1.uspto.gov /netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PG01&p=1&u=/netahtml/PTO/srchnum.html&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1="20040006262".PGNR.&OS=DN/20040006262&RS=DN/20040006262 (10064 words)

	Humus -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Humus is often described as the 'life-force' of the (The part of the earth's surface consisting of humus and disintegrated rock) soil.
		The mineralisation process that converts raw organic matter to the relatively stable substance that is humus feeds the soil population of micro-organisms and other creatures thus maintaining high and healthy levels of (additional info and facts about soil life) soil life.
		It is a part of a constant process of change and organic cycling, thus must be constantly replenished- for when we are removing prunings and crops for the kitchen we are depriving nature's cycle of potential humus.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/h/hu/humus.htm (817 words)

	Organic Farming Compliance Handbook-FAQ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Organic food production is based on a system of farming that mimics natural ecosystems that balance pest and beneficial organism populations and maintain and replenish fertility of the soil.
		Organic farmers manage crop nutrients through a crop rotation that includes cover crops and the application of plant and animal organic matter, generally in the form of compost.
		Some natural substances, such as botanicals, and a few relatively non-toxic synthetic pesticides such as soap are permitted by the USDA National Organic Program Standards when used in conjunction with the farm plan and used according to the restrictions found on the National List.
	www.sarep.ucdavis.edu /organic/complianceguide/faq.htm (3187 words)

	American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse: Underdiagnosis of psychoactive-substance-induced organic mental disorders ...
		The first was to explore the frequency of psychoactive-substance-induced organic mental disorder diagnoses made under typical psychiatric emergency room conditions.
		Psychoactive substance-induced organic mental disorders (substance-induced disorders) were defined as per DSM III-R [11] as the various organic mental syndromes caused by the direct effect of various psychoactive substances on the nervous system.
		In order to increase the confidence that the control and study (standardized substance use questionnaire added) groups were comparable and did not possess preexisting differences, statistical tests for differences on the major demographic variables were performed.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0978/is_n3-4_v16/ai_9321246 (1210 words)

	Patent 6,120,787
		The core particles containing the active substance are subsequently coated by an air suspension technique which enables the creation of a shell of the polymer on the core particles without any substantial or detrimental exposure of the active substance to organic solvent.
		However, in connection with the air suspension technique it has been found that the problems with sensitive active substances and their exposures to organic solvents are eliminated, or essentially reduced, while preferably using a high flow rate of the air, or gas, sufficient to accomplish the desired result.
		In this connection it should be noted that an organic solvent can be utilized as the solvent for the polymer, as it has unexpectedly been found that by the new method according to the invention the active substance is not influenced to any substantial extent by the presence of such a solvent.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents/September2000/091900OG/6120787_Sustained091900.htm (1853 words)

	Organic phosphorus-phosphorus oxyacid compounds
		Flame retardant organic phosphorus-phosphorus oxyacid compounds аre produced by miхing and reacting a phosphorus haIide, phosphorus oxyacid and an organic compound.
		This organic phosphorus-phosphorus oxyacid соmроund might be reacted with a essential соmроund to create a flame retardant saIt of organic phosphorus-phosphorus oxyacid.
		The organic phosphorus-phosphorus oxyacid and/оr it's saIt might be miхed with оr useful оn a flammable organic substance to create it less flammable.
	www.patentalert.com /docs/000/z00054015.shtml (128 words)

	Consumers Union Comments on Docket No. TMD-94-00-2 National Organic Program
		However, we are concerned that many consumers of organic products may not consider this technology to be a natural or minimal form of processing and, hence, may not expect or want it to be used on organic foods.
		Consumers do not expect synthetic pesticides to be used in organic farming; indeed according to the Hartman survey, absence of pesticide use is the primary defining characteristic of organic farming for consumers.
		Growing consumer demand for organic food and the price premiums for such food create an incentive for fraudulent or misleading labeling which might imply the food is organic when it is not.
	www.consumersunion.org /food/orgny798.htm (4567 words)

	Publix Natural Foods Glossary
		Substances, such as beta-carotene and vitamins C and E, which block or inhibit oxidation within cells.
		An organic substance, usually of plant origin with a carbon, hydrogen and oxygen composition, which serves as a major energy source in the diet.
		Substances that are capable of inducing cancerous changes in cells and/or tissues.
	www.publix.com /wellness/greenwise/natural/Home.do (689 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A method of subjecting a textile to a bleaching action by contacting the textile with an aqueous medium containing an organic substance which forms a complex with a transition metal, whereby the complex catalyses bleaching of the textile by atmospheric oxygen and at least 10
		A method according to claim 1, wherein the organic substance is provided in the form of a free ligand that complexes with a transition metal, whereby the complex is formed in
		wherein the organic substance comprises a preformed complex of a ligand and a transition metal.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/48299.011108&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (1197 words)

	Subpart G - Administrative. U.S. National Standards on Organic Agricultural Production and Handling. [National Organic ...
		Of the six nonsynthetic substances in the proposed rule prohibited for use in crop production, four were based on NOSB recommendations (strychnine, tobacco dust, sodium fluoaluminate (mined), and ash from burning manure) and two were based on statutory provisions in the OFPA (arsenic and lead salts).
		Specific substances from these categories could be incorporated in existing categories that reflect their function, such as plant disease control or insecticide.
		Organic farms and handling operations must be made available for inspection under subpart E, Certification.
	www.nal.usda.gov /afsic/ofp/Pre205G.html (17335 words)

	Water Pollution
		-- A toxic substance is a chemical pollutant that is not a naturally occurring substance in aquatic ecosystems.
		Another example would be when a large animal, such as a deer, drowns in a flood and a large amount of organic material is added to the water as a result.
		These substances are particularly dangerous to life in rivers, streams and lakes, where toxic substances can build up over a period of time.
	mbgnet.mobot.org /fresh/pollute.htm (925 words)

	Search Results for compound - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The most common examples are organic substances in which a carbon atom is linked by a...
		Substances in which this group is attached to an oxygen...
		any of a class of substances in which the molecules contain at least one metal-to-carbon bond in which the carbon is part of an organic group.
	www.britannica.com /search?query=compound&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT (517 words)

	Solubility Properties of Organic Compounds Course Notes
		If the intermolecular forces between the molecules of one substance are roughly the same as the intermolecular forces between another substance, the two substances will probably dissolve in each other.
		We are using methylene chloride because our organic substances are either nonpolar or moderately polar and can be extracted from water.
		If a substance has a melting point range that is higher than expected you cannot say the substance is impure.
	homepages.ius.edu /DSPURLOC/c122/sol.htm (1606 words)

	Experiment #2 Liquid/Liquid Extraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For example, an organic acid such as benzoic acid is soluble in an organic solvent such as 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane.
		A non-acidic organic compound such as diphenyl will remain in the 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane phase and thus the benzoic acid is separated from the diphenyl.
		Organic bases: Any organic amine can be extracted from an organic solvent with a strong acid such as 1M hydrochloric acid.
	domin.dom.edu /faculty/jbfriesen/chem253lab/02.htm (1503 words)

	AllRefer.com - gum, colloidal plant substance (Organic Chemistry) - Encyclopedia
		In this classification, however, many substances that are not true gums are included, among them many resins, so-called gum resins, and such substances as frankincense, myrrh, labdanum, copal, amber, chicle, and rubber (gum elastic, India rubber).
		True gums are complex organic substances mostly obtained from plants, some of which are soluble in water and others of which, although insoluble in water, swell up by absorbing large quantities of it.
		In general, they contain in various proportions carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and such metals as calcium, magnesium, and potassium in the form of salts of various organic acids.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/G/gum.html (343 words)

	ChemTeam: Wohler on Urea
		Since I found that by the last named method of preparation no other product was formed and the lead oxide was separated in a pure form, I imagined that an organic substance might arise by the union of cyanic acid with ammonia, possibly a substance like a vegetable salifiable base.
		But it was indifferent to them, nitric acid excepted; this, when added to a concentrated solution of the substance, produced at once a precipitate of glistening sales.
		I refrain from the considerations which so naturally offer themselves as a consequence of these facts, e.g., with respect to the composition proportions of organic substances, and the similar elementary and quantitative composition of compounds of very different properties, as for example fulminic acid and cyanic acid, a liquid hydrocarbon and olefiant gas (ethylene).
	dbhs.wvusd.k12.ca.us /webdocs/Chem-History/Wohler-article.html (396 words)

	gem, ornamental mineral or organic substance. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		commonly, a mineral or organic substance, cut and polished and used as an ornament.
		Gems also are used as seals (items of assurance) and as talismans (good-luck charms).
		The organic gems are pearl, amber, coral, and jet; of these, pearl is usually counted as a precious stone.
	www.bartleby.com /65/ge/gem.html (932 words)

	Humic Acids For Soil naturally occurring organic substance Specials Nutrients \|\| LEONARDITE P - United States - Special ...
		LEONARDITE P is a naturally occurring organic substance consisting primarily of Humic Acids and low levels of minerals, gypsum and clays.
		The dosage of LEONARDITE P is directly related to the amount of organic matter in the soil.
		If the content of organic matter in the soil is larger than 2 apply 22.8 kg / hectare if it is less than 2 apply 45.36 kg / hectare.
	www.engormix.com /e_products6-19.htm (249 words)

	Forensicscience (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Qualitataive analysis simply deals with the identification of the substance under consideration where as a quantitative analysis of the substance should provide the actual percentage composition of the various compounds that make up the substance.
		Even though organic compounds are found in a variety of day to day susbstnces that we use, there is a "collection" of organic compounds, the use of which is regulated by the goverment.
		Given inside the square bracket following each of the controlled substances are the techniques employed by the forensic scinetists to establish the presence of these substances.
	www.wiu.edu /users/mftkv/CH442/OrganicAnalysis.html (2453 words)

	REGISTRY FILE
		The REGISTRY File is a chemical structure and dictionary database containing unique substance records that are produced as new substances are identified by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) Registry System.
		The organic substance records contain the critically reviewed and evaluated documents from the Beilstein Handbook of Organic Chemistry covering the chemical literature for the period 1779-1959.
		Substance records contain the critically reviewed and evaluated data from the GMELIN Handbook of Inorganic and Organometallic Chemistry issued in 1975 and before, covering the chemical literature for the period 1817 - 1970.
	www.indiana.edu /~cheminfo/workshop/strrxn.html (503 words)

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