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Topic: Organised crime

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	EUROPOL, the European Police Office (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Organised crime groups in the EU are involved in all types of crime, especially drug trafficking, illegal immigration, trafficking in human beings, all sorts of commodity smuggling, fraud and other forms of financial crime.
		Organised crime seems to be increasing both quantitatively and qualitatively, spreading their criminal tentacles throughout the EU with links to areas outside the EU.
		Organised crime involvement in both types of crime is also growing because of the increased difficulties illegal immigrants face trying to enter the EU, the high profits involved and the relative mild sentences imposed upon the perpetrators if they are caught and sentenced.
	www.europol.eu.int /index.asp?page=EUOrganisedCrimeSitRep2002 (13239 words)

	ORGANISED CRIME - CAN WE UNIFY THE DEFINITION ? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The power of organised crime varies from country to country ant the forms of organised crime are different mostly because of the geographic, economic and social factors in individual countries.
		Because of non uniformed definitions of organised crime and inaccessibility of the data, due to the data protection legislation in various states, the data about the movement of organised crime in Europe could hardly be compared.
		One of the characteristics of organised crime in the 70's was that it was extremely nationally coloured.
	www.ncjrs.org /policing/org323.htm (2212 words)

	Organized crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Many organized crime operations have substantial legitimate businesses, such as licensed gambling, building construction, trash hauling, or dockloading enterprises, which operate in parallel with and provide cover for drug trafficking, money laundering, prostitution, extortion, hijacking, fraud, and insider trading, among many other possible criminal activities.
		Judicial and police officers, and legislators are especially targeted for control by organized crime via bribes, threats, or a combination.
		Furthermore, e-commerce was supposed to level the playing ground between small and large businesses, but the growth of online organized crime is leading to the opposite effect; large businesses are able to afford more bandwidth (to resist denial-of-service attacks) and superior security.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Organised_crime (752 words)

	MEASURING ORGANIZED CRIME IN WESTERN EUROPE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		As organised crime groups are not only active in Western Europe and the type of problems regarding the assessment of organised crime is not unique for Western European countries, a discussion on the experiences and results gathered so far could lead to conclusions that are beneficial both to Central, East and West European countries.
		The main goal of the annual report on the situation of organised crime in the EU was defined as the identification of the scale of and trends in international organised crime.
		It was furthermore decided to improve the mechanism for measuring organised crime each year, based upon the results of a comparative analysis of the national reports, the characteristics and the other aspects of the data collection procedures used by the member states.
	www.ncjrs.org /policing/mea313.htm (5075 words)

	The Danish EU Presidency - eu2002.dk - Democracy against organised crime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Widespread corruption, organised crime and illegal, parallel power structures are the greatest obstacles to the progress of the peace processes in the Western Balkans.
		Organised crime has negative implications not only for the countries in the region, but also for EU Member States, which are prime targets for organised criminal activities and structures.
		Organised crime deprives the communities in the Balkans of billions of euros in government revenue.
	www.eu2002.dk /news/news_read.asp?iInformationID=25031 (1110 words)

	ECPR Standing Group on Organised Crime - Home
		Organised crime, or more accurately transnational organised crime, is a dangerous phenomenon developing in today's world: Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas.
		Moreover, as organised crime starts to impinge on different aspects of the economy, civil society and politics, the so-called 'grey areas', such as political corruption and white collar crime tend to extend.
		This produces a paradoxical situation whereby organised crime groups, which are fundamentally authoritarian and antidemocratic, flourish and prosper in democracies.
	www.essex.ac.uk /ecpr/standinggroups/crime (583 words)

	Contours of organised crime
		Crimes such as homicide, rape and looting of property are normal on such occasions.
		It is this unfortunate situation that influences many citizens to believe that organised crime, instead of declining, will actually flourish in the days to come, unless there are radical reforms to the whole system.
		Organised trafficking in human beings, particularly of women and children, is a worldwide phenomenon.
	www.flonnet.com /fl1907/19071030.htm (1882 words)

	BBC News \| UK \| Life of Crime \| Organised crime: Global threat to the UK
		Organised crime, as portrayed in TV shows such as The Sopranos or films such as Lock, Stock & Two Smoking Barrels, is often shown as a glamorous, exciting business inhabited by old-style crooks or good-natured gangsters.
		Organised crime leads to despair for the many people affected by it on both sides of the law; from prostitutes, illegal immigrants and drug addicts, to the victims of burglary, car crime and muggings which are often carried out to fund drug habits.
		Mr Gaspar said: “When I first started organised criminality was very much a local dimension, for example the Krays, and they had difficulty when they started moving out of their geographical origins.
	news.bbc.co.uk /hi/english/static/in_depth/uk/2001/life_of_crime/crime.stm (1378 words)

	EUROPA - Justice and Home Affairs - Documentation Centre - Organised crime
		The Union's response to the challenge posed by organised crime is contained in the action plan endorsed by the Amsterdam European Council, which foresees an integrated approach at each step on the continuum from prevention to repression and prosecution.
		Council Resolution of 21 December 1998 on the prevention of organised crime with reference to the establishment of a comprehensive strategy for combating it.
		Europol is the European Law Enforcement Organisation which aims at improving the effectiveness and co-operation of the competent authorities in the Member States in preventing and combating terrorism, unlawful drugs trafficking and other serious forms of international organised crime.
	europa.eu.int /comm/justice_home/doc_centre/crime/doc_crime_intro_en.htm (2134 words)

	Organised Crime Programme
		Although organised criminal groups have been active in South Africa for many decades, it was only in 1991 that the South African authorities decided to address organised crime as a distinct phenomenon that required specific operational and legislative measures to combat it.
		In response, the South African State declared organised crime to be a priority crime and provided additional resources for the police to combat it.
		Through research, comment, facilitation, and interaction with all relevant role players, the Organised Crime and Corruption Programme of the ISS, and the organised crime projects that form part of it, aim to contribute to a better understanding of organised crime in Southern Africa and the development of more effective measures to combat it.
	www.iss.co.za /Res/CT/OrgCrime.html (433 words)

	Asian Organisd Crime in Australia - Discussion Paper
		But this report was a one-off exercise, and the chapter on organised crime was in a sense a by-product of the main purpose of the report.
		Organised crime is successful to some extent because of the fear that it engenders.
		By falsely claiming to be mafioso, triads, or the like, or by falsely claiming that such an organisation exists, ordinary criminals may be able to intimidate members of the public from reporting their activities to the police or appearing in court proceedings against them.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/australia/docs/ncaaoc1.html (1445 words)

	GN Online: Legal loopholes blamed for rise in organised crime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		It was organised under the directives and patronage of Major General Sheikh Saif bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Undersecretary of the ministry.
		Referring to UAE's efforts in combating the crime, the participants advised the officials of the Interior Ministry to conduct a comprehensive study, specifying the size and activities of organised crime in the country.
		They further suggested focus on creating a community which is capable of resisting organised crime by encouraging their participation in the war against organised crime.
	www.gulf-news.com /Articles/print.asp?ArticleID=71323 (490 words)

	EUROPA - Justice and Home Affairs - Freedom, Security and Justice - Organised crime
		Whereas the scourge of organised crime is not new, criminals have been taking advantage of fast moving technological advances such as the Internet, overall globalisation and, as far as the European Union is concerned, the freedom of circulation and establishment the single market entails.
		There is also scope for further developing specifically targeted investigative tools and judicial instruments to facilitate the prosecution of organised crime, while respecting privacy legislation and the rule of law.
		Dialogue with competent stakeholders in the fight against organised crime will be braodened through instruments such as the European Commission Forum on the Prevention of Organised Crime or the EU Crime Prevention Network.
	europa.eu.int /comm/justice_home/fsj/crime/fsj_crime_intro_en.htm (819 words)

	Namibia faces surge in organised crime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		THE face of crime in Namibia is changing - shifting from being typically violent crime by individuals to an upsurge in transnational organised crime.
		More sexually-related crime was also reported last year with just over a 1 000 cases of rape reported to Women and Child Protection Units countrywide, compared to 814 the previous year.
		Police officers said it was difficult to say whether crime in general was on the increase in Namibia or whether statistics reflected a greater willingness on the part of the public to report crime and could mean an especially fruitful year for Police in detecting more incidents.
	www.namibian.com.na /2004/august/national/0459797FA9.html (698 words)

	PM - Organised crime more 'Mr Middles' than 'Mr Bigs'
		It never suits politicians, and indeed the media, to talk about lower level players, but all of the evidence in Australia is that rather than one or two individuals running organised crime around Australia, that that model has never been the case in probably the last 30 or 40 years.
		What we've seen is a significant number of people, some of whom have natural alliances which may in fact come from their countries of origin, or the language they speak, but who don't necessarily only work within that particular parameter.
		So the so-called Italian crime that was very much in the news in the '80s, was shown to really be much more entrepreneurial and much less familial, and structured around tight family groups, than was first anticipated.
	www.abc.net.au /pm/content/2004/s1135432.htm (748 words)

	SA's dilemma of measuring organised crime : Mail & Guardian Online
		Measuring the contribution of organised crime to the country's general crime statistics is a near-impossible feat, said assistant commissioner Chris de Kock, head of the police's crime information analysis centre.
		While conceding that all the potential for growth in organised crime exists in South Africa, he disputed claims that up to half of cars stolen in South Africa are smuggled to neighbouring countries, saying the figure is probably closer to 5%.
		For a crime to qualify as "organised", it has to comply with several definitions -- including that it has to involve three or more people, amount to a serious offence and be committed over a prolonged period of time in pursuit of profit or power.
	www.mg.co.za /articlepage.aspx?area=/breaking_news/breaking_news__national/&articleid=235736 (614 words)

	Encyclopedia: Organised crime (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Furthermore, e-commerce was supposed to level the playing ground between small and large businesses, but the growth of online organized crime is leading to the opposite effect; large businesses are able to afford more bandwidth (in order to resist denial-of-service attacks) and superior security.
		Organized Crime Research (http://www.organized-crime.de/index.html) - Has extensive collection of definitions of organised crime, book reviews and links
		See Part Four Chapter 4 "Organized Crime" Attorney General's Commission on Pornography Final Report.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Organised-crime (592 words)

	Default
		The GRECO was conceived as a flexible and efficient follow-up mechanism, called to monitor, through a process of mutual evaluation and peer pressure, the observance of the Guiding Principles in the Fight against Corruption and the implementation of international legal instruments adopted in pursuance of the Programme of Action against Corruption.
		Organised by the Council of Europe and the Ministry of Justice of Portugal
		Corruption and organised crime in Europe are of great concern.
	www.coe.int /T/E/Legal_affairs/Legal_co-operation/Combating_economic_crime (617 words)

	AM - Crime conference addresses the changing world of organised crime
		HAMISH FITZSIMMONS: Changes in the nature of organised crime and the people involved in it mean law enforcement agencies also have to change their ways and forge stronger links with their international colleagues.
		JAY ALBANESE: There are changes in the nature of groups involved in organised crime, changes in the nature of the products they're involved with and changes in the illicit marketplace in terms of the various fl and grey markets around the world.
		JAY ALBANESE: Yes, well, with the decline of state-sponsored terrorism, terrorist groups increasingly are forced to support themselves, therefore organised crime groups in a large number of cases have in fact engaged in organised crime activity in order to raise necessary funds to fund their political objectives.
	www.abc.net.au /am/content/2004/s1253694.htm (394 words)

	Fight against organised crime
		The issue of organised crime has, since the 2004 Madrid bombings and the 2005 London attacks, taken a back seat to the overriding priority of the fight against terrorism. However, drugs and human trafficking are still policy priorities.
		Organised crime covers a range of criminal activities such as fraud, arms and drug trafficking, smuggling of radioactive and nuclear materials, trafficking in human beings, money laundering and financial crime.
		Key areas are fighting terrorism and organised crime through police and judicial co-operation, information sharing and border control. (See further Linksdossier).
	www.euractiv.com /Article?_lang=EN&tcmuri=tcm:29-117526-16&type=LinksDossier (1620 words)

	ORGANIZED CRIME REGISTRY - mafia,yakuza,triad - news,sites and films
		Drugs are illegal and organized crime long ago moved to supply the lucrative market.
		Sex probably rates higher than whiskey in desirability, and so organized crime moved into illegal prostitution.
		Yamaguchi Gumi is Japan's largest organized crime group, based in Kansai in the western part of the country.
	members.tripod.com /~orgcrime (66 words)

	Organised crime targets ALL IT staff - vnunet.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Organised syndicates are targeting IT staff to carry out online crimes, according to the National High Tech Crime Unit (NHTCU).
		Hynds also called for more staff to deal with the increase in computer crime around the country, and praised the level of international co-operation the NHTCU was receiving from police forces around the world.
		The NHTCU is also redesigning its website to become a single point of contact for businesses suffering from computer crime.
	www.vnunet.com /vnunet/news/2123403/organised-crime-targets-staff (533 words)

	Drugs policy in the Netherlands: Bringing up to date the plan of approach to organised crime
		These reports show that the investigation of criminal organisations by specialised teams is beginning to be successful.
		A separate unit has been created at the Public Prosecutions Department to coordinate the approach of the police and the judicial authorities to organised crime; it is headed by a chief public prosecutor specially freed from other duties.
		Partly as a result of the national and regional activities of the National Platform for the Control of Crime - a cooperative body involving industry, the professions and government, chaired by the Minister of Justice - people are significantly more alert to and able to resist creeping infiltration by criminal organisations.
	www.drugtext.org /library/reports/wvc/drugnota/0/s54.htm (362 words)

	Vietnamese Organised Crime in Australia
		Vietnamese crime groups are generally considered to be less organized but more violent than ethnic Chinese organized crime groups.
		Law enforcement agencies have significant difficulties in counteracting Vietnamese organised crime, due to a lack of Vietnamese police officers, consequent language barriers, and a common mistrust of police and other government agencies by migrants from Vietnam.
		By organising its own importations of heroin (typically impregnated in fabric, or carried by couriers returning from Vietnam), it was able to greatly reduce its reliance (and its overheads) on the Chinese criminals who supply the greater proportion of the market.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/australia/docs/ncaaoc3.html (3583 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| FBI-style unit 'will be ruthless'
		Tony Blair hinted the standard of proof in organised crime cases may need to be lowered so that it is easier for police to secure convictions.
		He added that it was his "impression" that sometimes "the system is struggling against a presumption that you treat these crimes like every other type of crime and that you build up cases beyond reasonable doubt".
		It will employ as many as 5,000 agents to fight the big business end of organised crime, which individual forces find difficult to tackle on their own.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/uk/3473441.stm (632 words)

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