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Topic: Organizational ecology

	Organizational ecology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Organizational Ecology (also Organizational Demography and the Population Ecology of Organizations) is a theoretical and practical approach in the social sciences that is especially used in organizational studies.
		Organizational Ecology also predicts that the rates of founding and the rates of mortality are dependent on the number of organizations in the market.
		Organizational Ecology has over the years become one of the central fields in organizational studies, and is known for its empirical, quantitative character.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Organizational_ecology (480 words)

	History of ecology - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ecology is generally spoken of as a new science, having only become prominent in the second half of the 20th Century.
		By the 19th century, ecology blossomed due to new discoveries in chemistry by Lavoisier and de Saussure, notably the nitrogen cycle.
		Organizational ecology has been a prominent theory in accounting for diversities of organizations and their changing composition over time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_ecology (1778 words)

	Minority Student Organizations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Organizational density, which can be taken to be the number of organizations in a given population, is claimed to have an effect on both organizational founding rates and mortality rates.
		For this analysis, organizational density is taken to be simply the total number of organizations in a given category, and the rate of organizational founding is taken to be the number of organizations under a given name which exist in a given year that did not exist in the previous year.
		For this analysis, organizational mortality is taken to be the total number of mortalities in a given year, that is, the number of organizations which existed in the previous year which do not exist in the current year, divided by the size of the population.
	www.wjh.harvard.edu /~cwheat/ie.html (3110 words)

	Knowledge Management for Organizational White-Waters: An Ecological Framework
		This new world of business is characterized by "re-everything" involving continuous redefinition of organizational goals, purposes, and the tried and trusted 'ways in which things have been done.' The radical and discontinuous change of the new business environment overwhelms the traditional organizational response of predicting and reacting based on pre-programmed heuristics.
		In a knowledge ecology environment impacted by sudden and pervasive change, mode of survival is adaptation [or more accurately,'anticipation of surprise'] instead of optimization.
		In the knowledge ecology the basis for cooperation and survival is differentiation and similarity between the knowledge nodes.
	www.kmbook.com /ecology.htm (2543 words)

	ecology - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		ecology study of the relationships of organisms to their physical environment and to one another.
		The study of an individual organism or a single species is termed autecology; the study of groups of organisms is called synecology.
		On the Role of Microenvironmental Heterogeneity in the Ecology and Diversification of Neotropical Rain-Forest Palms (Arecaceae).
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-ecology.html (1059 words)

	community ecology of large Canadian companies, 1984-1991, The Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Organizational ecology explores processes that control organizational expansion and contraction, focusing on the interplay of environmental constraint and interdependence both within and between industries or populations of organizations.
		Organizational communities are functionally integrated systems of interacting populations; they are emergent entities that, over time, gain a degree of autonomy from the environment as members of the community come to exchange resources more with each other than directly with the environment (Astley, 1985).
		Organizational communities are formed as competition leads to the creation of new populations that fulfill complementary roles in which they are dependent on, but noncompetitive with, established populations (Astley, 1985; Carroll 1985; Hawley, 1950).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3638/is_199412/ai_n8731297 (1102 words)

	VIRTUAL TRANSFORMATION: WEB-BASED TECHNOLOGY AND PEDAGOGICAL CHANGE
		In the context of a model of organizational change, this paper examines how the application of web-based instructional technologies is unleashing forces that are disrupting established and institutionalized pedagogical practices, reconfiguring faculty and student roles and relations, and altering faculty skills and identity.
		As a pedagogical ecology, it draws on the sociological dictum that social behaviors are shaped and reinforced by structural factors.
		The power of this new ecology is evidenced by the large numbers of instructors (this one included) who report an "instructional epiphany" when teaching their first web-based course and who, as a further result, permanently revise their classroom teaching and learning practices in a student-centered active-learning direction.
	www.unf.edu /~djaffee/TSTECH2.htm (5397 words)

	A theory of the cultural evolution of the firm: the intra-organizational ecology of memes Organization Studies - Find ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		A theory of the cultural evolution of the firm: the intra-organizational ecology of memes
		Any serious theory of the firm has to be able to explain why we have the organizations we actually do have, with their persistent mix of functional, dysfunctional, and apparently indifferent elements.
		In the past decade, an important challenger to this economic theory of the firm has emerged: a knowledge-based view of the firm that is grounded in the fields of organization theory and strategy (Kogut and Zander 1992; Conner and Prahalad 1996; Grant 1996).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m4339/is_8_24/ai_111027980 (848 words)

	COBIT: A Tool To Manage Information Ecology
		Organizational structures and the roles that are formulated to utilize information infrastructure also are significantly important.
		By defining the expected interaction of software with that of the ecology, use-case diagrams generate a common understanding on the impact of the new system on the ecology before a system is developed.
		Senior management plays a key role in defining the information ecology of the organization, but it does not influence decisions on the type of hardware and software that is used in an organization.
	www.isaca.org /Template.cfm?Section=Home&CONTENTID=16256&TEMPLATE=/ContentManagement/ContentDisplay.cfm (2201 words)

	Robert Hanneman Teaching
		Long-term population ecology of economic organizations: A description and analysis of the population dynamics of establishments and organizations in the United State's dry salt industry from colonial times until 2000.
		size, organizational density, transport network embeddedness) may be identified, and some of the variations on the mixes or organizational communities commonly present in settlements may be identified.
		The basic theories of nested hierarchy can be tested across a much wider range of populations with the proposed data; the community ecologies of organizational populations can also be examined with a large (14 million organizations) database.
	faculty.ucr.edu /~hanneman/research.html (2416 words)

	FORMAL ORGANIZATION
		Organization make decisions with inconsistent goals due to : the decentralization of decision-making, the sequential attention to goals, and the adjustment of organization slack, which is the disparity between the resources available to the organization and the payments required to maintain the coalition.
		H and F propose a population ecology of organizations as an alternative to the dominant adaptation perspective.
		Organizational choice often involves a curious paradox where what is mundane to experience often becomes unexplained variance in the theories and what is standard in the interpretation of organizations often becomes irrelevant to experience (i.e., a disjunction between the theory and reality of organizations).
	ssr1.uchicago.edu /PRELIMS/Orgs/orgs1.html (10631 words)

	CBSM WORKSHOP WORKING GROPUS
		Organization theory, especially second generation organizational ecology, or institutional ecology, the nexus of organizational ecology and neoinstitutionalism, offers a unique perspective with which to address the issue of political contention in nontraditional contexts.
		Organizational diversity is important in itself in a society because organizations "constitute a repository of alternative solutions to the problem of producing sets of collective outcomes" (p.7).
		Blending social movement and organizations perspectives compensates for one of the main disadvantages of the latter which includes an overemphasis on prescribed politics as opposed to unconventional, transgressive or emergent forms of struggle over material and cultural resources (Rao, Morrill and Zald 2000).
	www.nd.edu /~dmyers/workshop/wg9archibald.html (702 words)

	A Model of Organizational Complexity
		This optimal area of structure/order can be considered an "affordable complexity", a state wherein the organization accepts a fair amount of "disorder", especially in rules and hierarchy, to free up resources and energy for the dynamic state required for creative response to changing conditions affecting the organization.
		Like any evolutionary process, though, the organizational ecology must be initiated with appropriate conditions, then allowed to progress and cycle into a state of optimal complexity.
		Organizational environments have also been characterized as more or less complex depending on how heterogeneous and dispersed resources are within them.
	redesignresearch.com /org-comp.htm (1828 words)

	IWSP Research
		Using the organizational ecology framework, the IWSP's current research examines the value of collocating business units, whether in a single high-rise tower, a multi-building urban "campus", or a suburban campus.
		Organizations face unprecedented pressures to respond quickly to unpredictable and rapid changes in virtually every aspect of their business: the economy, marketplace, technology and labor.
		And as if matters were not complicated enough, labor demographics have generated a conflicting set of employee expectations about the nature of work that organizations must consider as they shape their firms to meet this often bewildering onslaught of external and internal demands.
	iwsp.human.cornell.edu /research/default.html (1840 words)

	The Panda Syndrome: An Ecology of LIS Education
		Organizational ecology is concerned with how populations of organizations change as a result of niche changes, and the factors that allow some organizations to thrive and not others.
		Organizational ecologists differ in their estimates of the ability of individual actors to understand complex systems, foresee change, predict the effects of change strategies, and implement those strategies in a timely fashion (including convincing other organizational members).
		Organizational ecology describes population change as turnover among relatively inflexible organizations replaced by others better suited to the changing niche.
	faculty.washington.edu /sasutton/panda.htm (7728 words)

	Knowledge Ecology and Communities of Practice
		Knowledge ecology (KE) is a growing body of knowledge and practices focused on continuously improving the relationships, tools and methods for creating, integrating, sharing, using, and leveraging knowledge.
		If your organization's flexibility of response to the marketplace is a function of an open culture of collaboration, then growing a culture of communities of practice, supportive to sharing innovative work practices is an economic necessity.
		It was the one organized by Edna Pasher and Associates, in Herzliya.
	www.co-i-l.com /coil/knowledge-garden/kd/kecop.shtml (1702 words)

	Social Ecology
		"The Population Ecology of Organizations." AJS 82: 929-964.
		Figlio, K. "The Metaphor of Organization: an historiographical perspective on the bio-medical sciences of the early nineteenth century." History of Sci, 14:17-53.
		Topics: the current appeal of normative social ecology theories, the postmodern crisis in ethical legitimation, and the ecology movement.
	www.changesurfer.com /Acad/SocEco.html (1199 words)

	Chapter 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Organizational culture is often formalized in policies and procedures and lasts for the lifetime of the organization.
		Organizational culture involves all aspects of organizational activity, but is generally limited to the sharing of perceptions associated with that activity.
		In the terms used here, organizational development involves an assessment of an organization's culture, the degree to which it is accommodated to the ecology within which it's members must perform, and specification of any modifications that must be made in the culture to improve performance.
	www2.hawaii.edu /~fontaine/manbkweb03.html (8494 words)

	Prof. A. Ginsberg: "Publications" (Stern) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		This can be seen as a process in which organizations imitate the what appears to be the most successful strategy used by others in their own neighborhood (outcome based imitation).
		The model is simulated under a variety of conditions to explore the effects of the range of local interaction and of frequency-dependent selection on the emergence of collective competitive/cooperative strategy.
		The discussion focuses on the effect of spatial-extension on the evolutionary dynamics of organizational populations and on outcome-based and frequency-dependent learning and selection processes.
	pages.stern.nyu.edu /~aginsber/ecology.html (319 words)

	Notes: Toward a Knowledge Ecology for Organizational White-Waters
		One may ponder: "Are organizations of self-selected individuals with shared interests less real than the more formal, traditional organizations that we are familiar with?" Not necessarily if one observes the contrast between the traditional organizational forms and the more recent 'emergent' virtual communities on the index of knowledge sharing and creation of new knowledge.
		The recent era of downsizing and the redefinition of the employment contract between corporations and their denizens has reinforced the view that each employee is responsible for keeping ones knowledge bases and knowledge profiles current with market demands.
		Hence, if organizations look outside the box and change their frame of mind to the new insights - they are now 'inside the new box' if they don't look outside it.
	www.kmbook.com /econotes.htm (2941 words)

	Deep Ecology Organizational Consulting
		In my earlier work as an organizational consultant, I was involved primarily with coalitions, grassroots groups and other NGOs in the social change sector using mostly modified future search conferences (for "have-no-time" groups), visioning, strategic change (planning) and conflict resolution.
		Deep ecology is a philosophy of nature that stresses our interconnection with the Earth, the ecosphere, and all other living species with whom we co-exist.
		Ruth works with environmental and social change organizations and communities where the bonding and empowerment might synergistically merge with the shared organizational vision and goals to increase the harmony, cohesion and potency of the teamwork in which people are engaged.
	www.rainforestinfo.org.au /deep-eco/consult.htm (2481 words)

	Formalizing Organizational Ecology
		The target theory to be formalized is organizational ecology (OE).
		A population consists of organizations of a similar form.
		Adding a distinction between organizations under reorganization, and organizations in normal, reorganization-free conditions, has made the inertia fragment consistent.
	www.ccsom.uva.nl /replst/bk-bruggeman97.html (693 words)

	Technocapitalism-Experimental Firms
		The experimental firm is the organizational form most representative of technocapitalism.
		This new ecology is different from the one created by industrial capitalism.
		This complex mix of research talent distinguishes the experimental firm from the organizations that were typical of industrial capitalism.
	www.technocapitalism.com /applet/experimental_firm.htm (2470 words)

	The Ecology of Educational Accountability:
		Though information is more abundant, technology more advanced and more widely available and our understanding of organizational dynamics more highly evolved than it was a decade ago, the state of data and technology use in education, and our approaches to management in education seem to have changed very little.
		To some extent, this section is a bit of a random mix of examples and practice activities intended to familiarize you with the way in which data are and can be organized and analyzed in a spreadsheet.
		The CD and book are organized such that there is a practice data set and problem available to accompany each chapter of sections 2 through 5 and a section simulation at the end of sections 2 - 4.
	web.ku.edu /~bdbaker/adminprob/Ecology/SECTION1.HTM (7856 words)

	The Nagymaros Group on Organizational Ecology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The "Nagymaros Group on Organizational Ecology" is a loosely organized collection of researchers dedicated to advancing theory and research in organizational ecology.
		The group takes its name from a stimulating weekend spent in Nagymaros, Hungary in 1998 discussing theoretical and empirical issues in organizational ecology.
		Here we can find contact information, keep track of recent and forthcoming publications, exchange working papers, contribute to the project on organizational forms, and use the annotated bibliography.
	faculty-gsb.stanford.edu /nagymaros (118 words)

	Knowledge Ecology Fair 98 Presentation Abstracts
		Many extant conceptions of organizational knowledge management systems are constrained by their overly rational, static and acontextual views of knowledge.
		An organization is the ongoing evolution of a web of conversations through which it embodies its present and evolves its future.
		Leaders need to adapt a new leadership culture that allows for the emergence of an organizational environment in which all employees are creating and leveraging knowledge for the ongoing strategic renewal of the organization.
	www.co-i-l.com /kefair/abstract/all.htm (2770 words)

	Harvard University Press: Organizational Ecology by Michael T. Hannan
		It is at several points all exemplar of integrating formal theory with sophisticated empirical research...
		Borrowing heavily from the biological literature on population ecology, Harman and Freeman argue that macrosocial processes play a major role in determining organizational success or failure, more so than managerial action...
		In the business of academic research, one often hears exhortations for the value of programmatic, long-term, longitudinal research, yet such instantiations are rare.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/HANORG.html?show=reviews (230 words)

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