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Topic: Organized crime

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	organized crime. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The era of the 1920s had taught organized crime leaders the value of strong political connections and the disadvantages of internecine warfare, but it was not until the 1930s that Lucky Luciano (with Mafia connections) and Louis Lepke Buchalter created a tight interstate criminal organization called the Syndicate.
		With the trial and the conviction of Luciano, the smashing of Murder, Inc., and the execution of Buchalter, organized crime in the United States appeared to be ended.
		The inadequacy and inability of local law-enforcement agencies to cope with organized crime was underscored by the Knapp Commission, which uncovered relations between New York City police and organized crime.
	www.bartleby.com /65/or/orgcrim.html (819 words)

	Organized Crime Paper
		In his book entitled Organized Crime, Howard Abadinsky defines organized crime as being "nonideological, hierarchical, limited or exclusive in membership, perpetuitous, organized through specialization or division of labour, monopolistic and governed by rules and regulations."1 Comparing these attributes with those of a theoretical monopoly, it is possible to see how similar the organizations are.
		Although they all examine organized crime from different angles, the conclusions are remarkably similar, namely that law enforcement has confronted the problem inefficiently because it has tackled the individuals of the crime syndicate rather than the entity.
		In reference to organized crime, using the example of cocaine, a barrier to entry could be ownership of a scarce resource, such as having access to regions with climates suitable to growing the coca leaves on the large scale that is needed to derive cocaine powder from.
	www.wellesley.edu /Economics/econ325/hmidura.html (4204 words)

	Organized Crime in Russia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Because the traditional West Coast Mafia crime families are so weak and poorly organized, Russian gangsters from the East Coast have settled in California to escape their onerous street tax obligations imposed upon them by the five families of New York.
		Armenian organized crime groups are active in the communities of Hollywood and Glendale, home of the largest Armenian community outside the Republic of Armenia.
		Organized crime in the Western democracies is still mainly about satisfying public demand for illegal products and services like drugs, gambling, usurious loans, and prostitution.
	www.search-international.com /Articles/crime/russiacrime.htm (3661 words)

	Stategic Priority: Organized Crime
		In terms of economic-related crimes, it is estimated that organized crime costs Canadians $5 billion every year; that’s $600 a year for a family of four.
		With organized crime becoming more transnational, international laws and partnerships must keep pace with the progress made in the creation of domestic policies and laws.
		Organized crime can be reduced by the coordinated efforts of municipal, provincial, federal and international police, and by all levels of government, by the community and by industry.
	www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca /organizedcrime/index_e.htm (630 words)

	Based on survey background research conducted by:
		Crime cartels are focusing on a greater diversity of commodities.
		Organized crime was traditionally defined as "familial" crime syndicates like La Cosa Nostra or "the Mafia." Over the past decade, largely as a result of drug trafficking, definitions have broadened to include South American and Asian crime groups like the Medellin and Cali Cartels and the Triads, Tongs, and Yakuza.
		The officials surveyed agreed that organized crime is increasing and changing its focus toward an enterprise model in terms of structure, membership, and commodities.
	www.cj.msu.edu /~outreach/security/orgcrime.html (1287 words)

	NIJ - International Center - U.N Activities - Russian Organized Crime in the United States (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Russian organized crime (ROC) is an umbrella phrase that captures a variety of crime groups and criminal activities.
		Russian organized crime uses financial institutions such as the BONY to launder criminal money, and also assists Russian businesses and individuals tomove their own assets out of Russia so as to evade Russian law enforcement and tax officials.
		In the area of international organized crime the Department has worked to consult and coordinate more closely with other agencies, including the Departments of State and Treasury and the intelligence community, to assess the threat posed by particular organized crime groups and develop long-term strategies to combat those groups.
	www.ojp.usdoj.gov /nij/international/russian.html (2121 words)

	Federal Bureau of Investigation - Investigative Programs - Organized Crime
		The terms Organized Crime and Criminal Enterprise are similar and often used synonymously.
		The FBI defines organized crime as any group having some manner of a formalized structure and whose primary objective is to obtain money through illegal activities.
		Such groups maintain their position through the use of actual or threatened violence, corrupt public officials, graft, or extortion, and generally have a significant impact on the people in their locales, region, or the country as a whole.
	www.fbi.gov /hq/cid/orgcrime/glossary.htm (329 words)

	Organized Crime: Background and Definitions
		These factors have contributed to the rise of better organized criminal groups that are internationally based, and have access to vast financial resources and a network of other organized crime groups.
		Those that participate in organized crime are considered to be involved for the purpose of engaging in criminal activities on a sustained basis.
		In general, the criminal organizations that are of the greatest concern have grown into substantial enterprises, often with transnational connections that involve a large number of "employees" that can range from several hundred to several thousand.
	www.american.edu /projects/mandala/TED/hpages/crime/text2.htm (614 words)

	SEC Testimony: Organized Crime on Wall Street (R. Walker)
		While any unlawful activity by organized crime on Wall Street is cause for concern, the Commission believes such activity to be limited and not a threat to the overall integrity of our nation's securities markets.
		The most notable case brought during the 1980's that named defendants having alleged links to organized crime was a joint action by the SEC and the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of New Jersey on October 2, 1986.
		Organized crime often either infiltrates or otherwise employs the assistance of "boiler room" operations to commit manipulations.
	www.sec.gov /news/testimony/ts142000.htm (5727 words)

	Federal Bureau of Investigation - Investigative Programs - Organized Crime
		Organized crime, in the U.S. and around the world, is a critical concern of the law enforcement community.
		Organized criminal enterprises have been quick to take advantage of the opportunities created by these changes to satisfy their greed and lust for power.
		The Organized Crime Section at FBI Headquarters, in conjunction with field office Executive Management, is responsible for the overall coordination and support of all organized crime investigations.
	www.fbi.gov /hq/cid/orgcrime/ocshome.htm (663 words)

	GLOBAL ORGANIZED CRIME
		While Global Organized Crime has become increasingly more involved in the transfer of arms, encouraged in part by conflicts in the Balkans and former Soviet Union which proved to be profitable for the Russian and Italian mafia, the smuggling of nuclear materials seems to be currently isolated to select incidents and mostly to amateurs.
		The global networks of organized crime groups interacting with other criminal groups, terrorists and corrupt officials, are not easily observed using the technical methods that were successfully employed for national security concerns during the Cold War.
		In the case of Russia, many law enforcement officials accept bribes from organized crime and detectives are sometimes forced to not report to their superiors for fear that the suspects will be warned of raids and arrests.
	www.fas.org /irp/eprint/snyder/globalcrime.htm (6745 words)

	Criminal Justice Resources Resources: Organized Crime
		Examines the scope of Asian organized crime and terrorist activity in Canada and the extent of cooperation and possible overlap between criminal and terrorist activity in that country.
		A professional organization of law enforcement personnel responsible for the investigation of Asian organized crime and gangs.
		Assesses the activities of organized crime groups, terrorist groups, and narcotics traffickers in general in the Tri-Border Area of Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay, focusing mainly on the period since 1999.
	www.lib.msu.edu /harris23/crimjust/orgcrime.htm (6630 words)

	UNODC - Crime Prevention and Criminal Justice - Organized Crime
		Transnational organized crime is considered as one of the major threats to human security, impeding the social, economic, political and cultural development of societies worldwide.
		Moreover, the Unit develops and runs specific technical assistance projects to support specialized organized crime units in a number of countries where the problems of organized crime are particularly severe or have the potential to become more serious.
		In cases involving organized crime, the importance of safeguarding witnesses in order that they have the confidence and ability to give evidence is often crucial to becoming a successful prosecution.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/en/organized_crime.html (1230 words)

	Organized Crime Research
		Organized Crime in the U.S. Organized Crime in Germany
		Some 50 academic and journalistic books on organized crime and related topics, addressing different events, persons and structures in various countries, are reviewed from an organized crime researcher's perspective.
		Papers on various aspects of organized crime (conceptual history, trust and organized crime, use of models in the analysis of organized crime, assessing organized crime, cigarette smuggling, etc.) can be downloaded from the Publications Page.
	www.organized-crime.de (424 words)

	Organized Crime
		Organized crime includes doing business through threat, extortion, smuggling of illegal drugs, sex, gambling, loan-sharking, and pornography, etc. They resemble businesses with corporate structures but use force, intimidation, or threat in their dealings.
		The coast-to-coast syndicate that ruled crime for most of the 20th century was an overarching, ruthless, and extremely deadly corporation.
		Vehicle Crime -- Illicit trafficking of vehicles is a form of organized crime which generates large profits for the perpetrators (estimated at 19 Billion USD which disappears into a parallel economy) and a feeling of insecurity that affects the public particularly due to the increased used of violence.
	www.karisable.com /crmob.htm (6245 words)

	RUSSIAN ORGANIZED CRIME
		Russian Organized Crime groups are involved in a wide variety of crimes, including drug trafficking to and within the United States.
		In addition, organized crime groups in Russia have been implicated in the corruption of current and former Russian government officials, a problem that is certainly not unique to Russia but that appears to be a serious problem there.
		Russian organized crime groups provide corrupt businessmen and government officials with protection, muscle, assassination teams and lines of communication to other groups of criminals, government officials and businessmen.
	russianlaw.org /ROC.htm (834 words)

	ORGANIZED CRIME REGISTRY - mafia,yakuza,triad - news,sites and films
		Drugs are illegal and organized crime long ago moved to supply the lucrative market.
		Sex probably rates higher than whiskey in desirability, and so organized crime moved into illegal prostitution.
		Yamaguchi Gumi is Japan's largest organized crime group, based in Kansai in the western part of the country.
	members.tripod.com /~orgcrime (66 words)

	The International Convention against Transnational Organized Cri
		The Convention represents a major step forward in the fight against transnational organized crime and signifies the recognition of UN Member States that this is a serious and growing problem that can only be solved through close international cooperation.
		The Convention deals with the fight against organized crime in general and some of the major activities in which transnational organized crime is commonly involved, such as money laundering, corruption and the obstruction of investigations or prosecutions.
		To supplement the Convention, two Protocols also tackle specific areas of transnational organized crime that are of particular concern to UN Member States.
	www.unodc.org /unodc/en/crime_cicp_convention.html (1130 words)

	Organized Crime
		As his profits from loan sharking and auto insurance fraud were piling up in Las Vegas, crime families in Los Angeles and Buffalo asserted their claim.
		was a little-known partner of organized crime heavyweights such as Frank Costello and Arnold Rothstein.
		Allan May illuminates Kastel in a way that gives you a feel for the ever-changing face of organized crime.
	www.crimemagazine.com /organized.htm (3007 words)

	Rick Porrello's - AmericanMafia.com - The Organized Crime and Mafia Super Site
		Present day organized crime (OC) is quite different from that of the past.
		Like all secret societies, the camorra is a closed sect, an organization of criminals that acts in the shadows.
		If you believe you are the victim of organized crime, some of the agencies that may be able to help you are local law enforcement agency, state attorney general's office, the F.B.I. or U.S. Attorney's office.
	www.americanmafia.com (300 words)

	Open Directory - Society: Crime: Organized Crime
		Alternatives.com: Organized Crime - Collection of documents, essays and speeches relating to crime, categorized by region and type.
		American Organized Crime - Collection of articles on organized crime and the Mafia in the USA, focused on gangsters in New York and Chicago before and during the Prohibition.
		Organized Crime Research - Articles, abstracts, book reviews and links with a focus on criminal organizations in the U.S. and in Germany.
	dmoz.org /Society/Crime/Organized_Crime (576 words)

	AMERICAN ORGANIZED CRIME (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		American Organized Crime is a collection of articles on organized crime and the Mafia in the USA.
		Ultimately, I hope to cover organized crime from the earliest gangs right up to the present day, but with such a large subject it is easier to concentrate on one period at a time.
		For now, all my work is focused on the years before and during the Prohibition.
	www.mobsters.8m.com (118 words)

	Amazon.com: Organized Crime: Books: Howard Abadinsky (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In addition to presenting information on traditional organized crime groups in the United States, particularly New York and Chicago, Abadinsky covers organized crime groups on the international stage, including Chinese, Columbian, Italian, Jamaican, Japanese, Mexican, Nigerian, Russian, as well as outlaw motorcycle clubs with chapters throughout the world.
		If you (the reader, the researcher) is interested in Organized Crime, I strongly recommend this book (Howard Abadinsky's Organized Crime, 6th Ed.) This book is the only detailed book I have come across in studying Organized Crime.
		In this revised edition of the classic text on organized crime Abadinsky provides a comprehensive overview of organized crime groups, traditions, operations and the impact on American society.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0534551580?v=glance (1110 words)

	Feds square off with organized cyber crime
		Christopher Painter, deputy director of the Justice Department's computer crime section, spoke almost nostalgically of the days when hackers acted "primarily out of intellectual curiosity." Today, he says, cyber outlaws and serious fraud artists are increasingly working in concert, or are one and the same.
		Ronald Plesco, counsel to the National Cyber-Forensics and Training Alliance, a computer forensics organization established by the FBI and private industry, agreed, and pointed to the trend in recent years of spammers building networks of compromised computers to launder their fraudulent e-mail offerings.
		He reads the future of cyber crime and investigation in the joint Secret Service and Justice Department "Operation Firewall" crackdown on Internet fraud rings last October, in which 19 men were indicted for allegedly trafficking in stolen identity information and documents, and stolen credit and debit card numbers.
	www.securityfocus.com /news/10525?ref=rss (570 words)

	Organized Crime & Political Corruption by John Flood & Jim McGough (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		City of Chicago Corruption in Hired Truck scandal and Clean-up scandal and HDO and organized crime City of Chicago Heroin Ring, Second Superseding Indictment in Family Secrets Flood testimony on mobster Frank Schweihs Published court documents for mob case.
		The purpose of this site is to educate the public on the activities of organized crime and organized crime figures.
		We provide excellent background on the politics and mob activities in the notorious West Suburban community of Cicero and the influence of Chicagoland organized crime in labor unions, i.e.
	www.ipsn.org (945 words)

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