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Topic: Organochlorine

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	Organochlorine Insecticides and Breast Cancer
		The overall objective of this project is to understand the cellular mechanisms by which organochlorine pesticides act to cause cancer-like transformation of human breast cancer cells under laboratory (in vitro) conditions.
		This upward shift is consistent with the historical pattern of accumulation of organochlorine residues in the environment.
		The overall objective of this proposal was to understand cellular mechanisms by which organochlorine pesticides act to cause transformation in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) under laboratory conditions.
	www.headlice.org /lindane/health/toxicology/organochlorine_insecticides.htm (886 words)

	ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES
		DDT was the first that was used on a large scale in the U.S. The Second National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals measures metabolites, or chemicals created by the body's defenses acting on a parent compound, of DDT, such as DDE.
		Many organochlorine pesticides are extremely persistent in the environment and in people's bodies.
		Scorecard provides information for organochlorine pesticides as a class as well as for several of the individual chemicals.
	www.scorecard.org /about/txt/organochlorine_pesticides.html (129 words)

	USGS finds elevated levels of organochlorine pesticides in Aleutian bald eagles
		Elevated levels of organochlorine pesticides such as DDE have been associated with low reproduction of nesting bald eagles on remote islands in the seemingly pristine Aleutian Archipelago in Alaska, according to recent research published in the September issue of the journal Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry.
		Organochlorines are chemical compounds invented to kill agricultural insect pests.
		This means, wrote the researchers, that it is possible that these organochlorines are being transported to the Aleutian Archipelago via physical processes of atmospheric or oceanic currents, or possibly biologically in the fat layers of migratory seabirds that nest at the Aleutians by the tens of millions.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/1999-09/USGS-Ufel-290999.php (1141 words)

	Index
		Organochlorines are a diverse group of compounds that have numerous applications in both industry and agriculture.
		Organochlorines bioaccumulate, meaning their concentrations in organisms increase over time relative to their concentration in the environment, and then biomagnify, meaning their concentrations increase as they move from a lower level of the food web to a higher one, in water ecosystems.
		It is these properties that make organochlorines potentially problematic for marine mammals- they not only ingest them while feeding on prey that have high organochlorine levels, but they also store the compounds in their blubber.
	www.biology.duke.edu /bio217/2002/pcb/index.html (824 words)

	Body Burden Case Study: Organochlorine Pesticides (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A: Organochlorine pesticides are insecticides composed primarily of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine.
		Organochlorines are some of the chemicals found most often in the hundreds of tests of human body tissue - blood, adipose tissue, breastmilk - that have been conducted around the world.
		Many organochlorines are known or suspected hormone disruptors, and recent studies show that extremely low levels of exposure in the womb can cause irreversible damage to the reproductive and immune systems of the developing fetus.
	www.chemicalbodyburden.org /cs_organochl.htm (1163 words)

	USGS Colorado Water Resources Publication - Distribution and Concentrations of Selected Organochlorine Pesticides and ...
		Organochlorine pesticides and PCB’s, all of which are organochlorine compounds, have been specifically targeted by standards and guidelines that exist to protect water quality for human and wildlife health.
		Organochlorine compounds are extremely persistent in the environment and have the unique property of concentrating in sediment and in the fatty tissue of aquatic life (Ware, 1989).
		Although the use of organochlorine compounds such as DDT, chlordane, and PCB’s was discontinued in the early 1970’s, all of these compounds were detected in whole-body-fish samples and, to a much lesser extent, in streambed-sediment samples collected in the UCOL study unit.
	pubs.usgs.gov /fs/fs167-97 (2394 words)

	Breast Cancer Research \| Full text \| Estrogenic microenvironment generated by organochlorine residues in adipose ...
		Organochlorine compounds (OCCs), such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, are persistent lipophilic chemicals identified as endocrine disruptors, mainly with estrogenic effects.
		Organochlorines might induce the observed changes in PR expression either directly by binding ERs or indirectly by increasing sensitivity to endogenous estrogens, or affecting the amount and type of estrogen metabolites with estrogenic properties.
		Regarding the organochlorine body burden and the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients, adverse effects have been suggested by Demers and colleagues [13], Hoyer and colleagues [14] and Muscat and colleagues [16].
	breast-cancer-research.com /content/8/4/R47 (5028 words)

	GEIA Global Emissions Inventory Activity (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Organochlorine pesticides are pesticides in which carbon and chlorine are combined.
		Organochlorine pesticides are an important part of persistent organic pollutants, and are chemically stable in nature.
		Organochlorine pesticide residues have been detected in air, water, soil, sediment, fish, and birds worldwide even more than one decade after the use of these pesticides was banned.
	www.geiacenter.org /reviews/organochlorides.html (1110 words)

	The Incineration-Chlorine Connection (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Commercial hazardous waste incinerators and cement kilns are the primary endpoint for organochlorine wastes generated by a broad range of industries, including everything from solvents and paints to manufacturing sludges and pesticide wastes.
		Organochlorines are now distributed worldwide, even in the most remote reaches of the planet -- the deep oceans, Antarctica, and the tissues of polar bears and Inuit people living near the Arctic Circle.
		As the IJC recommended, stopping further organochlorine pollution and its effects in the Great Lakes ecosystem ultimately means phasing out the industrial production and use of chlorine, rather than trying to control the thousands of products and byproducts emitted by the many industries that use it.
	www.things.org /~jym/greenpeace/incineration-cl-connection.html (1294 words)

	Our Stolen Future: Mothers organochlorine levels increase risk of testicular cancer in sons
		To eliminate confounding variables associated with age, each patient/mother pair was matched with a control/mother pair in which the control and the control's mother were close in age (within 5 years) to the patient and mother to whom they were matched, respectively.
		Hardell et al.'s central findings are that (1) mothers with higher organochlorine levels are significantly more likely to have given birth to sons who develop testicular cancer; and (2) in contrast, the sons themselves for the most part do not have elevated organochlorine levels compared to men without testicular cancer.
		While this result falls short of proving that developmental disruption by organochlorine contamination in the womb sets the stage for testicular cancer in adulthood, it strengthens the case significantly.
	www.ourstolenfuture.org /NewScience/reproduction/TDS/2003/2003-0115hardelletal.htm (958 words)

	The Health Effects of Pesticides
		The organochlorine pesticides (lindane,endosulfan,methoxychlor,dieldrin,dicofol) have been shown to cause estrogenic or androgenic effects on animals and to be reproductive toxins(68).
		Organochlorine pesticide residue heptachlor epoxide to be significantly associated with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma.
		Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides have been found to induce prenatal brain injury in animal studies and to result in functional deficits(89).
	www.flcv.com /pesticid.html (7656 words)

	Organochlorine contaminants
		As organochlorines accumulate in animal fat, people who consume high levels of fatty tissue of species at the top of food webs are at greater risk of accumulating organochlorines.
		For any individual species, variations in organochlorine contaminant levels from one location to another are attributable to factors such as dietary differences and a tendency for contaminant concentrations to increase from north to south.
		A study of Mackenzie Valley mink found a distinct trend of increasing organochlorine contaminant burdens with decreasing latitude: mean total PCB residues ranged from 5.32 ppb wet weight in the livers of Inuvik area mink to 27.67 ppb in mink from the Fort Smith area.
	www.ec.gc.ca /soer-ree/English/SOER/1996report/Doc/1-6-8-4-4-3-1.cfm (678 words)

	Reproductive / Developmental Effects of an Environmentally-Relevant Organochlorine Mixture
		There is concern that exposure to organochlorine chemicals at levels found in the environment may affect sexual development and fertility in the offspring of exposed animals, including humans.
		Several organochlorine compounds which are found as a complex mixture in northern aquatic food chains have been shown to interact with hormonal systems such as androgenic and oestrogenic systems.
		The organochlorine mixture that was used in these studies, while similar to that found in the Arctic marine food chain, is not representative of the mixture found in humans and laboratory animals following chronic exposure.
	www.hc-sc.gc.ca /sr-sr/finance/tsri-irst/proj/persist-org/tsri-245_e.html (1294 words)

	Research Page: Organochlorine Insecticides and Breast Cancer (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The overall objective of this project is to understand the cellular mechanisms by which organochlorine pesticides act to cause cancer-like transformation of human breast cancer cells under laboratory (in vitro) conditions.
		The role of environmental organochlorines in breast cancer is the subject of continuing debate and research.
		This upward shift is consistent with the historical pattern of accumulation of organochlorine residues in the environment.
	www.cbcrp.org /research/PageGrant.asp?grant_id=212 (888 words)

	organochlorine : Target Search Results
		We found 37 matches for "organochlorine" at Target
		BOOKS brought to you by Amazon.com: 37 matches for "organochlorine"
		Organochlorines and Bone: Effects of Organochlorines on Bone Tissue Morphology, Composition and Strength (Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations, 528)
	www.target.com /gp/search.html/?field-keywords=organochlorine (53 words)

	eMedicine - Toxicity, Toxaphene and Organochlorine : Article Excerpt by: Girish Sethuraman, MD
		Organochlorines persist in the environment long after their initial use.
		Despite a ban on sales, organochlorines still may be found in the US in storage; thus, exposure is still possible.
		It is estimated that the approximate minimum lethal dose for humans is in the range between 2 and 7 grams.
	www.emedicine.com /emerg/byname/toxicity-toxaphene-and-organochlorine.htm (575 words)

	Exposure to organochlorine compounds increases the risk of suffering colorectal cancer
		Those studies would benefit from the inclusion of additional organochlorines, which were not analysed this time, as well as by the inclusion of other compounds associated with cancer such as dioxins and furans.
		In spite of that, the organochlorines are persistent contaminants that remain in the environment for long periods of time due to slow degradation.
		Organochlorines are excreted from the body by the intestinal route, either by recently ingested compounds or by others released from the adipose tissue.
	www.news-medical.net /?id=8870 (953 words)

	Organochlorine Compounds in a Brazilian Watershed with Sugarcane and Intense Sediment Redistribution -- Sparovek et al. ...
		Organochlorine Compounds in a Brazilian Watershed with Sugarcane and Intense Sediment Redistribution -- Sparovek et al.
		Organochlorine Compounds in a Brazilian Watershed with Sugarcane and Intense Sediment Redistribution
		Organochlorine compound concentrations in soils, colluviums, sediments, and organisms from the Ceveiro watershed (Brazil).
	jeq.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/6/2006 (2424 words)

	Organochlorine (OC) residues in cattle (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Organochlorines (OC) are organic chemical compounds containing chlorine that have an insecticidal activity.
		The organochlorines are a problem because they persist in the environment, posing a potential risk of residue in grazing cattle, in both meat and milk products.
		Persistent organochlorine residues are likely to exist in areas where sugar cane, cotton, bananas, apples, pears or root crops are growing or have previously been grown.
	www2.dpi.qld.gov.au /health/3565.html (2812 words)

	Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Total Diet Samples from Aragón (Northeastern Spain)
		Samples of different meals of the average diet consumed in Aragon (northeastern Spain) were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography to determine residues of 21 organochlorine pesticides.
		The levels of these organochlorine compounds were well below the respective maximum residue limits set by current European regulations.
		The average level of contamination of the Aragonese diet was believed to be totally harmless and indicated a clear decrease of the presence of organochlorines in foods as reported in other developed countries.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/jafcau/1996/44/i09/abs/jf9507248.html (185 words)

	DNR - DDT And Other Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides
		When used according to the manufacturer's specifications, the organochlorine compounds are relatively safe but the objection to their use stems from the fact that they are not degraded by natural biological processes and become a permanent part of the environment.
		One of the major effects of organochlorine toxicity in wildlife (avian species) is the decline in eggshell thickness with a resultant decrease in reproductive success.
		The differential diagnosis for organochlorine toxicity is tetanus and strychnine poisoning.
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12150_12220-26633--,00.html (997 words)

	organochlorines
		Organochlorine compounds tend to be persistent in the environment.
		Organochlorine compounds were selected by NAWQA for assessment because these compounds are not metabolized rapidly and because they have high bioaccumulation and bioconcentration factors (Crawford and Luoma, 1993).
		The distribution of organochlorine compounds in streambed sediments and biota is, in part, a reflection of the historical applications of pesticides.
	pubs.usgs.gov /circ/circ1171/html/organo.htm (595 words)

	Breast Cancer - Naural Self-Defense Against Breast Cancer - Learning to Cope Successfully with Organochlorine Pollut
		Organochlorines are chemicals found in some herbicides and pesticides, in chlorine bleach and most chemical disinfectants, and many plastics, especially PVC (polyvinylchloride).
		Organochlorines are implicated in causing and promoting breast cancer because they mutate genes and they cause breast cells to become more receptive to a cancer-promoting chemical called estradiol.
		Organochlorines enter our bodies through our drinking water, by eating foods grown with certain agricultural chemicals, and through the plastic linings on canned or microwaveable foods.
	breast-cancer-infosite.com /naural-selfdefense-against-breast-cancer-learning-to-cope-successfully-with-organochlorine-pollut.php (2455 words)

	Environmental Health \| Full text \| Determinants of serum concentrations of organochlorine compounds in Swedish pregnant ...
		Serum/plasma concentrations of organochlorine compounds are often used in assessment of body burdens of the compounds among pregnant women, and of fetal exposure [5-8].
		The capacity of a regression model to explain the variation in serum organochlorine compound concentrations is both dependent on number of variables in the model and number of observations in the analysis.
		The observed decline in concentrations of organochlorine compound between 1996 and 1999 was probably mainly caused by the birth-cohort effect.
	www.ehjournal.net /content/6/1/2 (6545 words)

	An Environmentally Relevant Organochlorine Mixture Impairs Sperm Function and Embryo Development in the Porcine Model ...
		Effects of the organochlorine mixture added to the IVF medium of sperm and oocytes on the proportion of multicell embryos (open bars) and blastocysts (closed bars) subsequently formed, expressed as a percentage of penetrated oocytes.
		Effects of the organochlorine mixture added to the IVF medium of sperm and oocytes on the mean cell numbers of the derived expanded blastocysts.
		Effects of the organochlorine mixture added to the IVF medium of both sperm and oocytes pre-exposed during in vitro maturation on their subsequent fertilization parameters.
	www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/67/1/80 (5346 words)

	Elimination of Organochlorine Termiticides, Australia, June 1996
		One of the major advantages of using the organochlorine termiticides was their relatively low cost, seen both in a lower cost of initial treatment and also in the longer activity of the chemicals requiring infrequent retreatment.
		As part of a study on the use of organochlorine insecticides for termite control an estimate of the costs associated with a variety of termite control measures was made (Table 1).
		The organochlorine termiticides have long been recognised as a cause for environmental concern because of their persistent properties and tendency to bioaccumulate in wildlife.
	www.chem.unep.ch /pops/indxhtms/manexp17.html (4879 words)

	Organochlorines in Sediment and Fish
		Together, the organochlorine pesticides that were analyzed account for over 90 percent of the nation's historical use of organochlorine insecticides in agriculture, and a substantial portion of urban and suburban insecticide use through the 1980s.
		The purpose of this report is to report (1) the frequency of detection and (2) selected percentiles of the distribution of concentrations, for each organochlorine compound analyzed, as a function of land use in the basin.
		As shown in Tables 2-9, the reporting levels varied among the different organochlorine compounds measured (from 1 to 200 µg/kg in sediment, and from 5 to 200 µg/kg in tissue).
	ca.water.usgs.gov /pnsp/oc_doc.html (3462 words)

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