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Topic: Organochlorine compound

	Flux, Entropy, and Cancer by Keith Duguay
		Carcinogenesis from organochlorine exposure is usually classified as either genotoxic (prone to inducing genetic mutation) or immunotoxic (toxins mimic thyroid and/or steroid hormones) [ibid.] Some of the known organochlorine compounds are non-volatile [ibid.; Koivusalo et al., 1995]; others are volatile and their environmental concentration has been positively correlated with mutagenicity [Cheh, 1980].
		The bioaccumulated concentration of a stable, non-excretable compound in a cell is the result of rates of movement of a limiting component of that compound from the environment, past all the particular membranes, and into the cell.
		This is because trihalomethane compounds are genotoxic, affecting DNA in the nucleus of the cell.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Aegean/2191/thesis.htm (5765 words)

	ORGANOCHLORINE COMPOUNDS IN A SEDIMENT CORE FROM THE CORALVILLE RESERVOIR, IOWA
		Organochlorine compounds were used extensively in the Iowa River watershed as insecticides during the 1960's and early 1970's (Sato and Schnoor, 1991).
		The purpose of this factsheet is to describe the concentrations of selected organochlorine compounds in sediment cores from the Coralville Reservoir and to relate the results to the depositional period of the sediments to indicate possible trends.
		A secondary purpose is to compare organochlorine compound concentrations in Coralville Reservoir sediments to concentrations in the Iowa River to evaluate whether compounds found in sediments are representative of those in the water.
	ia.water.usgs.gov /nawqa/factsheets/fs-129/fs-129.html (2263 words)

	Heptachlor (PDS)
		Cumulation of compound: Heptachlor accumulates in the fat of mammals mainly as the epoxide.
		Cumulation of effect: The chronic toxicity of heptachlor is due to the cumulation of the compound in the body.
		General">4.1.1 General Heptachlor is an organochlorine pesticide of moderate toxicity which penetrates the intact skin and is also absorbed by inhalation and from the gastrointestinal tract.
	www.inchem.org /documents/pds/pds/pest19_e.htm (3013 words)

	Organochlorine Compounds in a Brazilian Watershed with Sugarcane and Intense Sediment Redistribution -- Sparovek et al. ...
		Organochlorine Compounds in a Brazilian Watershed with Sugarcane and Intense Sediment Redistribution -- Sparovek et al.
		Organochlorine Compounds in a Brazilian Watershed with Sugarcane and Intense Sediment Redistribution
		Organochlorine compound concentrations in soils, colluviums, sediments, and organisms from the Ceveiro watershed (Brazil).
	jeq.scijournals.org /cgi/content/full/30/6/2006 (2424 words)

	Q&A: Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project - National Cancer Institute
		The organochlorine compounds studied were the pesticides DDT and its metabolite DDE, chlordane, dieldrin, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).
		The study focused on organochlorine compounds because smaller epidemiologic studies had suggested that the pesticide DDT, which is an organochlorine compound that has been banned in the United States since 1972, might be associated with increased risk for breast cancer.
		This hospital-based case-control study investigated breast cancer risk in relation to levels of organochlorine pesticide compounds in Nassau and Suffolk counties (Long Island) and Schoharie County, N.Y. The researchers found that increased risk for breast cancer did not appear to be associated with past exposure to organochlorine compounds.
	www.cancer.gov /cancertopics/factsheet/long-island-environment-qa (3376 words)

	No Link Between Organochlorines, Breast Cancer
		PAHs were examined because these compounds are known to cause breast cancer in rodents, and a few small human studies have suggested a possible association between these chemicals and increased risk of breast cancer.
		The study focused on organochlorine compounds because smaller studies had suggested that the pesticide DDT - an organochlorine compound that has been banned in the United States since 1972 - might be associated with increased risk for breast cancer.
		Meanwhile, Gammon and her colleagues are continuing to follow the women who participated in the current study to determine whether organochlorine compounds, PAHs and lifestyle factors influence the survival of Long Island women diagnosed with breast cancer.
	www.ens-newswire.com /ens/aug2002/2002-08-06-06.asp (1436 words)

	Breast Cancer Research \| Full text \| Estrogenic microenvironment generated by organochlorine residues in adipose ...
		Organochlorine compounds (OCCs), such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, are persistent lipophilic chemicals identified as endocrine disruptors, mainly with estrogenic effects.
		Organochlorines might induce the observed changes in PR expression either directly by binding ERs or indirectly by increasing sensitivity to endogenous estrogens, or affecting the amount and type of estrogen metabolites with estrogenic properties.
		Regarding the organochlorine body burden and the prognosis of breast carcinoma patients, adverse effects have been suggested by Demers and colleagues [13], Hoyer and colleagues [14] and Muscat and colleagues [16].
	breast-cancer-research.com /content/8/4/R47 (5028 words)

	Environmental Genome Project Research Activities - Molecular Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer
		Associations of prostate cancer with potential carcinogenic exposures (organochlorine compounds, cadmium and zinc), a susceptibility factor (GSTM1 genotype) and other risk and/or protective factors (endogenous hormones, micronutrients, fatty acids) will be examined prospectively using a nested case-control study design.
		From the viewpoint of etiology, findings will aid in understanding the contribution of environmental organochlorine compound exposure, cadmium and zinc exposure to the development of prostate cancer and the potential inherited susceptibility to the effects of these compounds.
		From the viewpoint of prevention, the modifying effects of antioxidants and fatty acids on the association between organochlorine compounds and prostate cancer deserve particular attention since these are factors that are amenable to practical preventive measures.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /envgenom/abstract/r01-8030.htm (261 words)

	Hexachlorobenzene (PDS)
		An organochlorine compound, of low acute toxicity; however it is persistent and accumulates in body tissues.
		2.2.1 Absorption Toxicity with this compound is normally associated with ingestion in the diet, however inhalation of dust is possible, and though it is probably not absorbed through the intact skins to any extent, dermal and ocular irritation have been observed.
		5.3.1 Detection and assay of compound Detection and assay of hexachlorobenzene is not straightforward, as this compound is exceptionally non-polar and extraction by the normal method for organochlorine compounds is not successful.
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/hcb/pest26_e.htm (3092 words)

	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
		Because organochlorine compounds tend to be toxic, persistent, and/or bioaccumulative -- as are the many byproducts formed during their manufacture, use, and disposal -- they are not suitable for regulation based on "acceptable" discharge limits and pollution control technologies.
		Virtually all organochlorine compounds that have been studied, often a extremely low doses, exhibit at least one of a wide range of serious toxic effects that include endocrine dysfunction, developmental impairment, birth defects, reproductive dysfunction, infertility, immunosuppression, and cancer.
		Organochlorines are also the primary culprit in stratospheric ozone depletion, which is responsible for increased human skin cancer, cataracts and immune suppression, as well as for major effects on aquatic and terrestrial food chains (APHA, 1993).
	archive.greenpeace.org /toxics/reports/dtk/dtk.html (19029 words)

	Organochlorine Compounds from a Terrestrial Higher Plant: Structures and Origin of Chlorinated Orcinol Derivatives from ...
		If environmental organochlorine compounds were absorbed or adsorbed from the soil in which they were grown, these compounds would have distributed more evenly throughout the bulb tissues.
		Formation of these organochlorine compounds in the bulbs would depend on many factors: production of hydrogen peroxide, induction of CPO, ample supply of chloride ions from the soil surrounding the lily plant, methylation of phenolic hydroxyl groups of induced chlorinated compounds, and microbial interaction to initiate a series of reactions in the host plant.
		It was found that the organochlorine compounds in lily bulbs from different fields showed considerable variations in their concentration levels.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/jtextd?jnprdf/asap/html/np980062r.html (5950 words)

	Environmental Genome Project Research Activities - Environmental Factors and Breast Cancer Risk in Marykland
		The objective of this proposal is to examine the influence of exogenous carcinogenic exposures (organochlorine compounds), a potential susceptibility factor (Glutathione S Transferase (GSTM1 genotype), and protective factors (antioxidants) on the risk of breast cancer.
		From the viewpoint of etiology, findings will aid in understanding the contribution of environmental organochlorine compound exposure to the development of breast cancer and the potential inherited susceptibility to the effects of these compounds.
		From the viewpoint of prevention, the modifying effects of antioxidants on the association between organochlorine compounds and breast cancer deserve particular attention since these are factors that are amenable to practical preventive measures.
	www.niehs.nih.gov /envgenom/abstract/ca-62988.htm (235 words)

	Prevalence of K-ras mutations
		Whereas organochlorine compounds are ubiquitous throughout the planet and have a wide range of physiologic effects, no clinical or public health inferences are warranted until our findings are replicated in new studies.
		The possibility that organochlorine compounds play a role in the pathogenesis of EPC through modulation of K-ras effects could have significant implications for research on the carcinogenic process of this and other malignancies where alterations in ras genes are frequent.
		These compounds are ubiquitous throughout the planet, poorly excreted due to their lipophilic properties, and stored in many human tissues [2-9].
	www.icnet.uk /axp/mphh/biomed/porta.html (1811 words)

	Research Summaries - Dallinga et al.
		As well, organochlorine compound levels were established in the semen.
		Similarly, organochlorine compound levels were measured in blood samples and GSTMI and GSTTI genotypes were established using a PCR-based assay.
		The seminal organochlorine levels of the 65 volunteers showed a significant relationship between individual and combined PCB metabolite levels and sperm morphology (r2=0.15, p=0.02).
	www.emcom.ca /summaries/dallinga.shtml (622 words)

	Nurses Leadership Council
		Even though some of these persistent organochlorine compounds were banned from use in the United States in the 1970s, or have been subject to substantial reductions in emissions, measurable amounts may be found in women's breast milk today.
		Scientific studies of the potential effects of persistent organochlorine compounds in human milk on the growth and development of infants and on lactation duration in women should continue.
		Surveillance studies should be conducted on the levels of persistent organochlorine compounds in human milk in the United States by geographic region, race, ethnicity, and socio-economic and demographic features for the purpose of assessing trends in the U.S. and obtaining information on potentially disproportionately exposed populations.
	www.nursesleadership.org /nurses_to_nurses/report2.html (5810 words)

	EPA - Endocrine \| 62986-03 Organochlorine Compounds and Risk of Breast Cancer
		Many organochlorine compounds are known animal carcinogens, suspected human carcinogens, have tumorpromotion activity, possess estrogenic activity, and may compromise immune function.
		Against this background, a case-control study of organochlorine compound exposure and risk of breast cancer inConnecticut is proposed.
		The concentration of organochlorine compounds in breast adipose tissue will be analyzedby gas chromatography and compared between the cases and controls.
	www.epa.gov /edrlupvx/inventory/NCI-016.html (332 words)

	Dienochlor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Symptoms of acute dienochlor exposure are similar to those of other organochlorine compounds and may include, stimulation of the central nervous system (tremors, convulsions, agitation and nervousness), slowing of breathing, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea (1).
		The oral LD50 for a lower concentration of the compound (38% ranges from 5,100 mg/kg to 20,000 mg/kg in rats) is greater than 5,000 mg/kg in rabbits, and is 16,900 mg/kg in mice.
		When the compound was administered on the skin of the rats only a very small amount passed through the skin to the blood stream (2%) (4).
	pmep.cce.cornell.edu /profiles/extoxnet/dienochlor-glyphosate/dienochlor-ext.html (1120 words)

	ACSH > Health Issues >
		To support their claim that male virility is jeopardized by estrogenic compounds, they cited the work of Danish researchers Sharpe and Skakkebaek, who reported in a 1992 British Medical Journal a 50% decline in sperm count from 1938 to 1990 among men from industrialized countries.
		The organochlorine compounds bio-concentrate in fatty tissue, and serve as an unofficial marker of overall dietary fat intake.
		Another possibility is that elevated organochlorine levels may reflect a higher intake of specific foods containing high levels of the compounds in question — and it's actually the food itself that is playing an important role in the development of breast cancer.
	www.acsh.org /healthissues/newsID.794/healthissue_detail.asp (1592 words)

	Influence of Geographic Location in Modeling Blood Pesticide Levels in a Community Surrounding a U.S. Environmental ...
		We investigated the geographic distribution characteristics of organochlorine levels in approximately 1,374 blood samples collected in 1974 from residents of a community with a potential organochlorine source.
		All compounds were analyzed both unadjusted for lipid content and lipid-adjusted using the method of Phillips et al.
		Results suggest that residential location may be a potential exposure determinant of organochlorine levels in human blood as biomarkers of exposure to persistent organochlorine compounds in Washington County, Maryland.
	www.ehponline.org /members/2005/8154/8154.html (4826 words)

	Improving Organochlorine Biomarker Models for Cancer Research -- Wolff et al. 14 (9): 2224 -- Cancer Epidemiology ...
		Predicted organochlorine compound serum levels (multivariate adjusted) for highest and lowest quantiles of current BMI and BMI-gain by lactation history.
		compounds is a familiar one in the children's literature.
		consumption (as a surrogate for organochlorine compounds); covariates
	cebp.aacrjournals.org /cgi/content/full/14/9/2224 (7184 words)

	Lindane (PDS)
		An organochlorine pesticide of moderate mammalian toxicity which is degraded slowly in the environment and can accumulate in mammalian tissues.
		The compound is eliminated only in small amounts in the urine and faeces and is found in the milk.
		5.1.1 General information An organochlorine pesticide of moderate toxicity which may be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and to a lesser extent by inhalation and through the intact skin.
	www.inchem.org /documents/pds/pds/pest12_e.htm (2705 words)

	Aldrin (PDS)
		An organochlorine pesticide of high mammalian toxicity which accumulates in the tissues of man and animals.
		Cumulation of compound: Aldrin is stored as dieldrin in body tissues; its chronic toxicity is related to the level of dieldrin in the body; the level of dieldrin in adipose tissue is related to intake and reaches a plateau level if intake is steady.
		4.1.1 General Aldrin is an organochlorine pesticide of high mammalian toxicity which penetrates the intact skin; it may also be absorbed by inhalation and by the gastrointestinal tract.
	www.intox.org /databank/documents/chemical/aldrin/pest41_e.htm (2929 words)

	B1083 Insecticide Trials for Control of Tarnished Plant Bug on Cotton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		There is evidence that resistance of the pest to some compounds is less pronounced early in the season and is more pronounced late in the season after several insecticide applications have been made to the cotton crop (Snodgrass and Scott 1996; Holloway et.
		The organochlorine compound endosulfan averaged over 40% control; however, the standard error (SE) was broad, indicating that the compound was not consistently efficacious.
		Some compounds tested in Mississippi provided average control of more than 50%: acephate, dimethoate, malathion, dicrotophos, phosphamidon, monocrotophos (monocrotophos is no longer available for use on cotton), and profenofos.
	msucares.com /pubs/bulletins/b1083frames.htm (3640 words)

	Issue 1: Chlorine Ban
		Chloride ions or chlorine as the element is used in the manufacture of a wide variety of industrial compounds including 85 percent of all pharmaceuticals, 96 percent of all agricultural pesticides and herbicides, and a wide range of plastic type materials including PVC pipe.
		The organochlorine compounds are not readily degraded in the environment and persist many years.
		However through a process of biomagnification, the organochlorine compounds concentrate in the fats of fish as they move up the food chain.
	www.elmhurst.edu /~chm/onlcourse/chm110/issues/issue397.html (953 words)

	Pcb Exposure May Raise Lymphoma Risk
		The incidence of NHL has risen over the past several decades but the reasons for this are unclear, study investigators explain in the July issue of the journal Epidemiology.
		In a population-based, case-control study, they examined the association between NHL risk and exposure to organochlorine compounds using concentrations in carpet dust as an exposure indicator.
		The greatest effects were observed for one particular PCB compound (PCB 180), "for which NHL risk increased steadily as dust residues of the compound increased," Colt said in an interview with Reuters Health.
	www.omniomix.com /inthenews.php?id=40068 (316 words)

	EC Reports
		The egg was analyzed by the USFWS for organochlorine compounds and trace elements.
		Organochlorine compound concentrations in eggs were not highly elevated and did not exceed individual ecological effect benchmarks.
		Organochlorines were markedly higher in fish from the landfill collection site than the reference area.
	www.fws.gov /northeast/mainecontaminants/EC_Reports.htm (5215 words)

	Breast Cancer and Pesticide DDT, DDE
		Organochlorine compound levels in blood, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 11, 686-697.
		Unger, M., Kiær, H., Blichert-Toft, M., Olsen, J., and Clausen, J. Organochlorine compounds in human breast fat from deceased with and without breast cancer and in a biopsy material from newly diagnosed patients undergoing breast surgery.
		Mussalo-Rauhamaa, H., Pyysalo, H., and Antervo, K. Relation between the content of organochlorine compounds in Finnish human milk and characteristics of the mothers.
	envirocancer.cornell.edu /Bibliography/Pesticide/bib.ddt.cfm (7908 words)

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