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Topic: Oriental Jews

	Sephardim
		Jews were able to coexist peacefully with their neighbors; however, they were still treated as dhimmis, "People of the Book" (Jews and Christians) who are protected under Islamic law.
		Jews did not have complete autonomy and had to pay a special tax, the jizha, but were able to freely practice their religion.
		Jews wore the clothing style of their Moorish neighbors, although they were not allowed to wear silk or furs.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/Sephardim.html (1930 words)

	Judaism 101: Ashkenazic and Sephardic Jews
		Ashkenazic Jews are the Jews of France, Germany, and Eastern Europe and their descendants.
		Sephardic Jews are the Jews of Spain, Portugal, North Africa and the Middle East and their descendants.
		Sephardic Jews have a different pronunciation of a few Hebrew vowels and one Hebrew consonant, though most Ashkenazim are adopting Sephardic pronunciation now because it is the pronunciation used in Israel.
	www.jewfaq.org /ashkseph.htm (735 words)

	AllRefer.com - Israel - Oriental Jews \| Israeli Information Resource
		Most unacceptable to the Oriental Jews was the hypocrisy of Labor slogans that continued to espouse egalitarianism while Ashkenazim monopolized the political and economic reins of power.
		Oriental Jews, many of whom were forced to leave their homes in the Arab states, also supported tougher measures against Israeli Arabs and neighboring Arab states than the policies pursued by Labor.
		Their ill feelings were buttressed by the widely held perception that the establishment of an independent Palestinian entity would oblige Oriental Jews to accept the menial jobs performed by Arab laborers, as they had in the early years of the state.
	reference.allrefer.com /country-guide-study/israel/israel34.html (497 words)

	Israel - Oriental Jews
		Most unacceptable to the Oriental Jews was the hypocrisy of Labor slogans that continued to espouse egalitarianism while Ashkenazim monopolized the political and economic reins of power.
		Oriental Jews, many of whom were forced to leave their homes in the Arab states, also supported tougher measures against Israeli Arabs and neighboring Arab states than the policies pursued by Labor.
		Their ill feelings were buttressed by the widely held perception that the establishment of an independent Palestinian entity would oblige Oriental Jews to accept the menial jobs performed by Arab laborers, as they had in the early years of the state.
	www.countrystudies.us /israel/29.htm (375 words)

	Dixie DollSS :
		Shohat describes the Zionist project of turning the Oriental Jews into true Ashkenazi Israelis: By distinguishing the 'evil East' (the Moslem Arab) from the 'good' East (the Jewish Arab), Israel has taken it upon itself to 'cleanse' the Orientals of their Arab-ness and redeem them from the 'primal sin' of belonging to the Orient.
		The Jews at that peace conference, when they were cutting up Germany and parceling out Europe to all these nations who claimed a right to a certain part of European territory, said, “How about Palestine for us?” And they produced, for the first time to the knowledge of the Germans, this Balfour Declaration.
		The Jews of the world, the Zionists and their co-religionists everywhere, are determined that they are going to again use the United States to help them permanently retain Palestine as their foothold for their world government.
	www.freewebs.com /dixiedollss/jews.htm (6763 words)

	Oriental Zionism of Arab-born Jews, One thousand years before Theodore Herzl
		Alkalay and Sephardic Jews in general are given greater cognizance in a contemporary French study: "From the period of the'golden age' of Spain to the death of Alkalay...
		The Yemenite Jews seemed, to those who visited there, to be waiting, in what they also deemed was their necessarily miserable exile, for the return to the "Perfect World"[84] -- and, in costume, they rehearsed the celebration of their redemption on every Sabbath on which they were not forced to work.
		Had the Jews from Arab countries enjoyed the same manifold freedoms and opportunities that are the right of every citizen from many Western nations, it is uncertain whether the unprecedented virtual emptying of Jews from Arab countries would have been precipitated by the re-creation of the Jewish State.
	www.eretzyisroel.org /~peters/oriental.html (4911 words)

	FrontPage Magazine
		Jews with their wives and daughters are compelled to undertake work for any Government official at all times (even on the Sabbath and on sacred festivals) and to receive payment far below the market rate of wages.
		Jews are required to wear a special costume consisting of a fl skull cap and fl shoes.
		Jews 'are not allowed to drink from the public fountains in the Moorish quarter nor to take water therefrom' as the Jews are considered unclean.
	www.frontpagemag.com /Articles/ReadArticle.asp?ID=7802 (1136 words)

	UPNE - Orientalism and the Jews: Ivan Davidson Kalmar
		UPNE - Orientalism and the Jews: Ivan Davidson Kalmar
		Going beyond Said’s framework, in their introduction to the volume, Kalmar and Penslar argue that orientalism is based on the Christian West’s attempts to understand and manage its relations with both of its monotheistic Others—Muslims and Jews.
		According to the editors, Jews have almost always been present whenever occidentals talked about or imagined the East; and the Western image of the Muslim Orient has been formed and continues to be formed in inextricable conjunction with Western perceptions of the Jewish people.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~upne/1-58465-410-4.html (512 words)

	Ethnic Cleansing: Some Common Reactions, by Ran HaCohen
		Whereas Jews had been living in the Arab and Muslim world for more than a millennium, for better and for worse but under generally more favourable terms than under Christianity (and with nothing even slightly comparable to the atrocities of the Crusaders or the Holocaust), Israel’s ethnic cleansing coincided with the Jewish State’s birth.
		So oriental Jews were pushed out of Arab countries as a result of the conflict with Israel, and at the same time pulled by Israel, to consolidate its Jewish majority, and by Zionism, that regarded the Jewish state as the only proper place for Jews to live in.
		The analogy drawn between the Palestinian refugees of 1948 and the Jews from Arab countries is an especially repulsive example of this.
	www.antiwar.com /hacohen/h011303.html (1385 words)

	Yona Sabar
		6) "The Hebrew Elements in the Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Jews* of Zakho in Kurdistan," Leonenu, 38 (1974) pp.
		10) "The Hebrew Elements in the Neo-Aramaic Dialect of the Jews* of Azerbaijan," Leonenu, 39 (1975) pp.
		45) A Review-Article of: I. Avinery, The Aramaic Dialect of the Jews of Zakho, Jerusalem, 1988, JAOS Vol.
	www.nelc.ucla.edu /Faculty/Sabar.htm (2113 words)

	Jews
		The Jews are a people who trace their descent from the biblical Israelites and who are united by the religion called Judaism.
		Their assembly, the Sanhedrin, was reconvened at Jabneh, and its head was recognized by the Romans and given the title of patriarch; the Diaspora Jews accepted his authority and that of the Sanhedrin in matters of Jewish law.
		Jews had long been accustomed to living in neighborhoods of their own, for security and for ready access to a synagogue.
	www.mb-soft.com /believe/txo/jews.htm (4553 words)

	Jews in the Arab world
		Jews Indigenous to the Middle East and North Africa (Jimena)
		Islam and the Jews: The Pact of Umar
		Jew: There is no scientific definition: a Jew is whoever wishes to be a Jew and calls himself a Jew.
	www.al-bab.com /arab/background/jews.htm (857 words)

	Who are the Mizrahi (Oriental/Arab) Jews?
		Though only the Jews who immigrated from the countries surrounding the Mediterranean followed Sephardic rituals and practices, those who came from such countries as Yemen, Iraq, and India, with a history of different rituals and practices, often affiliated to the Sephardic chief rabbinate in order to receive public funds for their newly established synagogues.
		As for the government, it classifies those Jews born abroad (76 percent of the total population) in its annual Statistical Abstract of Israel according to the continent of origin: Europe-America-Oceania (meaning, for all practical purposes, Ashkenazim) and Asia, Africa (taken together, meaning Sephardim).
		In Israel, Middle Eastern and North African Jews were the majority of the Jewish population for decades, with numbers as high as 70 percent of the Jewish population, until the mass Russian immigration of the 1990s.
	www.israelipalestinianprocon.org /bin/procon/procon.cgi?database=5-G-Sub-Q07.db&command=viewone&op=t&id=6&rnd=128.23086741271527 (1058 words)

	Oriental @ iCookClub.com
		For example, Mizrahi Jews (native to the Middle East) are often referred to as Oriental Jews and the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies focuses on the Middle East, East Asia and Africa.
		Oriental is also used as an adjective akin to "eastern": for example, the Philippine island Mindoro is divided into two provinces whose titles include the words "oriental" and "occidental" respectively.
		Some people think the term "Oriental" is derogatory, largely because of its connection to imperial 19th century Europeans and Americans who are thought to have held a patronising attitude towards the region.
	reference.icookclub.com /oriental.html (570 words)

	History News Network
		There was an element of racism, or at least arrogance on the part of the Ashkenazi elite, in wanting to ‘raise’ the Oriental Jews to their level of civilisation.
		This prevalent attitude meant that Jews from Arab countries did not dwell on their Arab heritage, but strove to integrate themselves into their new society.
		This is the reason that many Oriental Jews vote for Right-wing parties that are nationalistic and xenophobic such as Herut and later Likud.
	www.hnn.us /roundup/entries/5182.html (717 words)

	The Rainbow Swastika - New Age Views on Jews & Judaism
		Bailey variously identifies the Jews as the 1st rootrace Lemurians, the 4th Aryan subrace who ruled the age of Aries, a race originating in the previous solar system, and a reincarnated species from the moon and other planets.
		Jews who want to live as Jews in a homeland of their own are morally wrong, and Jews who are content to live as Jews among the nations are "parasitic".
		Indeed, some of those in the forefront of helping to promote this disinformation are secular Jews themselves, whether from a desire to justify their own abandonment of orthodoxy, or from a sense of spiritual sibling rivalry, or an acceptance of the NA price for acceptance into their circles, or simply uncharacteristic gullibility.
	philologos.org /__eb-trs/naE.htm (5567 words)

	Green Left - Issues: The reality behind Israeli 'socialism'
		These Euro-American Jews (known in Israel as Ashkenazi Jews) were to become the elite of the new state.
		The term Oriental Jew is itself ideologically motivated, an attempt to disguise the fact that these Jews are culturally Arab, not European.
		Many of these Jews were forced to live in squalid camps for over a decade while their white Ashkenazi counterparts ran the state.
	www.greenleft.org.au /1997/263/17644 (914 words)

	Orientalism and the Jews
		A fascinating analysis of how Jews fit into scholarly debates about Orientalism.
		Going beyond Said’s framework, in their introduction to the volume, Kalmar and Penslar argue that orientalism is based on the Christian West’s attempts to understand and manage its relations with both of its monotheistic Others-Muslims and Jews.
		Bringing together essays by an array of international scholars in a wide range of disciplines, Orientalism and the Jews demonstrates that, since the Middle Ages, Jews have been seen in the Western world as both occidental and oriental.
	www.brandeis.edu /institutes/tauber/orientalismJews.html (377 words)

	Are Mountain Jews Descended from the Khazars?
		It is possible that the Mountain Jews are descendants of Persian-Jewish soldiers who were stationed in the Caucasus by the Sasanian kings in the fifth or sixth century to protect the area from the onslaughts of the Huns and other nomadic invaders from the east.
		Data that Jews arrived in Khazaria from "Armenia" demand that we understand that the "Armenia" of the 'Anonymous Cambridge' Letter represents not actually Armenia, but rather the territory of the large administrative unit which at the time of Arab domination was called Armenia.
		Outside of the territory of the Khazarian kaganate and outside of the historical zone of the migration of Mountain Jews, this name practically is nonexistent; two exceptions during the Middle Ages were in Jerusalem in the 10th century and in Byzantium in the 12th century.
	www.khazaria.com /mountainjews.html (3673 words)

	The Jews of Iraq by Naeim Giladi
		Although Jews, like other minorities in what became Iraq, experienced periods of oppression and discrimination depending on the rulers of the period, their general trajectory over two and one-half millennia was upward.
		Ben Gurion needed the "Oriental" Jews to farm the thousands of acres of land left by Palestinians who were driven out by Israeli forces in 1948.
		In the case of Iraq, both methods were used: uneducated Jews were told of a Messianic Israel in which the blind see, the lame walk, and onions grow as big as melons; educated Jews had bombs thrown at them.
	www.inminds.co.uk /jews-of-iraq.html (8149 words)

	Are Russian Jews Descended from the Khazars? Analyzing the Khazar Theory
		Among the Jews of the southwestern districts of the Lithuanian Duchy, annexed to the Kingdom of Poland toward the end of the 14th century, were descendants of Jews from oriental countries, including a few of Khazar stock.
		The presence of Jews is attested to by the so-called Jewish Gate in Kiev.
		While not exclusive to Jews, the CMH is found mostly in peoples from the north-eastern Mediterranean region (and, incidentally, among Palestinian Arabs), and its distribution supports the claim that Jews who have the CMH have an ancestral line from the Middle East.
	www.khazaria.com /khazar-diaspora.html (16900 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The few Arabic Jews welcomed the Europeans with open arms, impressed by their cash, energy and modern technology that launched the Zionist miracle of "making the desert bloom." But most of all they marveled at Ashkenazic boldness in dealing with ruling British authorities and hostile Arabs, a sharp contrast to their own submissiveness.
		These were joined by an equal number of homeless Jews who had survived the war by fighting in partisan units, hiding out in forests, mountains and caves, or living underground with "righteous gentiles" who kept them alive.
		Most of the Jews who tried to reach land were captured and imprisoned in Cyprus, while a few thousand at most managed to jump overboard and swim or be rowed ashore to join the growing Jewish resistance.
	www.lasthour.com /miracle_of_Israel.htm (3952 words)

	Oriental Statues Oriental Wood Carving Arts Oriental Sculptures Oriental Carvings
		Oriental Statue: we make wood statues, sandstone statues, Asian statues, terracotta statues, fiberglass statues, oriental statues, ancient statues and much more...
		Similar terms are the French-derived "Levant" and "Anatolia" from the Greek anatole, two further locations for the direction in which the sun rises.
		For example, Mizrahi Jews are often referred to as Oriental Jews, while the University of London's School of Oriental and African Studies focuses on Africa as well as the Middle East and East Asia.
	www.woodroyal.com /oriental-statues.htm (513 words)

	Jews in Russia the Countries of the Former Soviet Union Central and Eastern Europe
		Jews in Russia the Countries of the Former Soviet Union Central and Eastern Europe
		Jews in Russia, the Countries of the Former Soviet Union, Central and Eastern Europe
		The Joy and the Sorrow: the Jews of Ungvar-Uzhorod and Vicinity, 1492-1944.
	www.lib.uchicago.edu /e/su/slavic/jbib/jewbib99.html (1274 words)

	Roberta Strauss Feuerlicht: The Fate of the Jews
		For Feuerlicht's description of the aftermath of her publication of Fate of the Jews, please visit the Washington Report at The Fate of Author of "Fate".
		Yakim said that "Zionism created the conflict between the Jews from Arab countries and the Arab people." He repeated the allegation, which is not new, that Israeli agents were responsible for bombings in synagogues in Arab countries in order to stampede Jews into leaving.
		Jews in distress not only have no certain homeland, they cannot be assured of help from American Jewry unless Israel approves.
	www.ukar.org /feuerl01.shtml (7520 words)

	Anti-Semitism, Misinformation, And the Whitewashing Of The Palestinian Leadership
		Jews had been dhimmi people in the Middle East and North Africa for more than a thousand years. By way of contrast, Black people were enslaved in the Americas starting ‘only’ about 400 years ago.
		So the Oriental Jews didn’t simply migrate to Israel; they fled the countries where their ancestors had lived for a hundred generations or more.
		This jihad - this holy war - against the Jews, which has been waged non-stop by Arab leaders since the founders of the Zionist movement dared to challenge the dhimmi status of Jews in the Middle East, is not the responsibility of the Zionists or the state they founded.
	emperors-clothes.com /gilwhite/Israel.htm (10447 words)

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