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Topic: Origin of life

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	life, origin of
		At the beginning of the 17th century, the ultimate origin of life was considered primarily a theological issue.
		Lack of data rendered scientific speculation about the origin of life problematic, though the possibility of a gradual, chemical origin for life was aired in the latter part of the nineteenth century by Thomas Huxley, John Tyndall, and Belgium's Leo Errera.
		There were two fundamental problems: first, to explain how the giant polymers that are essential to life, especially proteins and nucleic acids were synthesized under natural conditions from their sub-units, and second, to understand the origin of cells.
	www.daviddarling.info /encyclopedia/L/lifeorigin.html (1632 words)

	HOS: Biology and the Origin of Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Life traveled in the form of spores that escaped from the atmosphere of a planet by random movement and then were driven through space by the pressure of light from the sun.
		Although life has continued on Earth for several billion years and human life has continued for a hundred thousand years, there is a profound sense in which we humans in the twentieth century, in an age of science, turning the next millennium, know for the first time who we are and where we are.
		The originating of life is not, of course, all at the original start-up; life originates over the millennia, as novel kinds of life arise in the turnovers of species.
	www.rit.edu /~flwstv/biology.html (19672 words)

	Origin of Life – Theories and G
		The original organism had mechanisms (ability to grow, reproduce, and evolve) which led to the evolution of the diverse life forms which now exist on Earth and as indicated above this evolution is documented in the genetic codes of organisms now alive as well as in fossil evidence.
		The origin of the primordial organism is therefore the biological equivalent of the “Big Bang Theory” in Astrophysics in which astrophysicists think the entire universe was once the size of a golf ball which then exploded to create the observed universe.
		Life might appear relatively rapidly on any planet that has appropriate conditions, at least in regions which were in a position to be seeded from the source – a sort of “universe as Petri dish” concept.
	www.azinet.com /originoflife.html (2663 words)

	Astrochemistry's Links (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		NSCORT: Exobiology--Origin of life research, a consortium among UCSD (departments of Chemistry and Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO)), The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI), and The Salk Institute.
		Origins of Life and Origins of Life--Lecture outlines for the origin and development of life on Earth.
		Genetech's forum on the origin of life--A discussion of origin of life topics (mostly for high school teachers) I moderate.
	web99.arc.nasa.gov /~astrochm/originlinks.html (826 words)

	Origin of life - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the physical sciences, abiogenesis, the question of the origin of life, is the study of the nature in which life on Earth is theorized to have evolved from non-life sometime between 3.9 to 3.5 billion years ago.
		Origin of life studies is a limited field of research despite its profound impact on biology and human understanding of the natural world.
		Martin, W. and Russell M.J. "On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells".
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Origin_of_life (4242 words)

	Origin of Life
		Life as we know it is a chemical system which needs both proteins and nucleic acids working closely together.
		Perhaps later life began to use proteins as the workers, and these gradually took over all the jobs of life, leaving the nucleic acids as mainly the information carriers.
		The origin of life, together with the origin of the macrocosmos, are the two great unanswered questions in this whole story.
	www.historyoftheuniverse.com /origlife.html (568 words)

	DNA, Design and the Origin of Life
		Since life is at its core a chemical code, the origin of life is the origin of a code.
		The discovery that life in its essence is information inscribed on DNA has greatly narrowed the question of life's origin.
		As regards the origin of life, our uniform experience is that it takes an intelligent agent to generate information, codes, messages.
	www.origins.org /articles/thaxton_dnadesign.html (5571 words)

	Origin Of Life
		For millennia, the Origin of Life was thought to be the result of Abiogenesis (also known as "Spontaneous Generation").
		Spontaneous Generation was thought to be the Origin of Life until the late 1850's.
		Spontaneous Generation was disproved as the Origin of Life in 1859.
	www.allaboutscience.org /origin-of-life.htm (553 words)

	Abiogenesis and the Origin of Life
		The Darwinian evolutionist believes that all life on earth has evolved from a single ancestor because the the spontaneous origin of a living cell is extremely improbable.
		Abiogenesis is a theory that attempts to explain the origin of life through random natural processes, and is taught as a regular component of evolutionary biology.
		The evidence to support a spontaneous origin of life is nonexistent, but like evolution itself is taught as absolute fact in biology classes.
	www.nwcreation.net /abiogenesis.html (1173 words)

	Mano Singham's Web Journal: The origin of life
		But "biologists have been finding that life can survive in much more hostile environments than thought possible -- such as microbes that live deep in rock or in searingly acidic water -- meaning that planets with more extreme environments might support life", lending support to the idea that life is likely to be found elsewhere.
		Those who seek to preserve a role for god are hoping that this effort fails, as their claim for the inexplicability of the origin of life is almost their last refuge, perhaps behind only consciousness and the mind.
		Life is thus the manifestation of the execution of the genetic program (nafs, the software).
	blog.case.edu /mxs24/2006/07/14/the_origin_of_life (1736 words)

	Origin Of Life
		When it comes to the origin of life, "evolutionary theory" is still the foundation of today's scientific worldview.
		That original life form then evolved into more complex life forms through a natural process of random mutations and natural selection.
		It was a tree-like graphic with a bunch of simple life forms at the bottom, and a series of more complex creatures towards the top.
	www.allaboutthejourney.org /origin-of-life.htm (433 words)

	Origin of Life references
		Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
		Peptides by activation of amino acids with CO on (Ni,Fe)S surfaces: implications for the origin of life.
		The origins of life: from the birth of life to the origins of language.
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/abioprob/modorlife.html (485 words)

	The Origin and Evolution of Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Life apparently requires a solar system having a planet with "suitable" conditions such as liquid water, nutrients, and sources of energy.
		This thread, which has been maintained by DNA molecules for much of its history, is shown weaving its way through the primitive oceans, gaining strength, and gradually acquiring the lineages of organisms whose descendants populate our modern biosphere.Plants and animals then moved onto the land, where more advanced forms, including humanity, ultimately arose.
		This Program's major areas of research address the chemistry of biologically important elements and compounds in interstellar space and in the solar system, the processes on the prebiotic Earth leading to the origin of life, the evidence in fossils and microorganisms regarding early evolution, and the search for life elsewhere in the cosmos.
	cmex-www.arc.nasa.gov /VikingCD/Puzzle/EvoLife.htm (269 words)

	Lecture 18 - Origin of life on Earth
		If we make the reasonable assumption that the last common ancestor of all presently living organisms must have had those characteristics which are now shared by the organisms which constitute the five living kingdoms, then a listing of the common characteristics of living species also describes the minimum characteristics of the last common ancestor.
		In private correspondence he suggested life could have arisen through chemistry "in some warm little pond, with all sorts of ammonia and phosphoric salts, light, heat, electricity, etc. present".
		Biologists and paleontologists have defined five basic questions that need to be answered when discussing the origin of life.
	www.utdallas.edu /~cirillo/nats/day18.htm (1286 words)

	THE ORIGIN OF LIFE
		Life originated as a result of chemical reactions occurring (largely) in the atmosphere followed by reactions in the primeval oceans and lakes.
		The theory of the origin of life was put forward by the Russian biochemist Alexandr Oparin in the 1920's.
		Panspermia is the theory that the earth was seeded with primitive life forms from other planets where life actually arose.
	www.science.siu.edu /microbiology/micr425/425Notes/14-OriginLife.html (2963 words)

	The Origin of Life
		In an inventive, original and detailed model, Günter Wächtershäuser, now a prominent name in the field, had suggested that the beginning of life was what has been termed a "flat life", an elaborate two-dimensional metabolism on mineral surfaces of deep-sea hydrothermal vents; this also addresses the "dilution problem" by concentrating all chemistry on the surface.
		Even though recent, exciting research has provided plausible scenarios for the origin of life and has answered many questions, it is clear that a lot of research remains to be done, since much of the origin-of-life scenarios is still hypothesis.
		Origin of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere
	www.talkorigins.org /faqs/abioprob/originoflife.html (7900 words)

	Origin of life, does evolution supply the answers?
		Biologists who believe in materialism are particularly concerned with: (a) proving a purely materialistic origin of life, and (b) proving that life can be created in the laboratory.
		The materialists say that life, since it's made up of atoms, molecules, and chemical reactions, is just simply chemistry and nothing else and that life originated by chance chemical reactions.
		Now, if life consists merely of chemistry, and nothing but chemistry, the best way to understand its real potentialities is to look at some of the chemical substances of life.
	www.christiananswers.net /q-eden/origin-of-life.html (2379 words)

	Origins of Life
		Life is tenacious, and it completely permeates the surface layer of the planet.
		We find life beneath the deepest ocean, on the highest mountain, in the driest desert and the coldest glacier, and deep down in the crustal rocks and sediments.
		Some suggest that perhaps life is endemic to the universe: note the presence of complex carbon compounds in interstellar space and on comets and meteors.
	www.resa.net /nasa/origins_life.htm (2600 words)

	oolife (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While the origin of life on earth is an obvious fact, given that we are here to pose the question, how life came to be is critical to any speculations regarding the probability of life on other worlds.
		This narrowing of the time "window" for the origin of life might appear to support the panspermia model, but the extreme conditions of open space make it unlikely that living cells could retain their viability for the long ages required for such particles to drift between solar systems.
		While multiple life origin events are a theoretical possibility, the universal nature of the DNA genetic code and the extreme specificity of living cells with respect to chemical isomers, suggests that all living cells today are probably descended from a single primordial cell type.
	taggart.glg.msu.edu /isb200/oolife.htm (3136 words)

	Origins of Life Links
		"Cosmic Ancestry is a new theory of evolution and the origin of life on Earth.
		It holds that life on Earth was seeded by bacterial spores from space, and that the genetic programs necessary for the evolution of life come from space.
		New theories concerning the origins of life such as cometary sources of organics, the possible role of marine hydrothermal systems on the chemistry of the primitive earth and the postulate of the RNA world have brought many new scientists to the field of origins of life.
	www.resa.net /nasa/links_origins_life.htm (3735 words)

	Origin of the Life Questions - Creation SuperLibrary
		As yet, Evolutionism has not produced a scientifically credible explanation for the origin of such immense complexities as DNA, the human brain, and many elements of the cosmos.
		A scientist examines Evolution's claim that life originated spontaneously.
		If you thought that an evolutionary origin of life had been proven, you need to read this definitive answer.
	www.christiananswers.net /creation/menu-life.html (436 words)

	SPACE.com -- The Origin of Life
		Since life is short, we must press onward with a rough-and-ready, generally appropriate criterion for life.
		Of all the predictions that we can make about life on other worlds, the surest seems to be that their life will be made of elements nearly the same as those used by life on Earth.
		If life on our planet consisted primarily of four extremely rare elements in the cosmos, such as niobium, bismuth, gallium, and plutonium, we would have an excellent reason to suspect we represent something special in the universe.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/life_origin_041130.html (966 words)

	Origin of Life: Instability of Building Blocks
		Evolutionary propaganda often understates the difficulty of a naturalistic origin of life.
		A good example is ribose, which is obviously essential for RNA, and hence for the RNA-world hypothesis of the origin of life.
		This is a major hurdle for hydrothermal theories of the origin of life.
	www.trueorigin.org /originoflife.asp (2583 words)

	Origins of Life on Earth
		And other scientists are trying to detect life in other solar systems, either by measuring life's effects on the atmospheres of distant planets or by measuring artificial radiation like radio signals that may be produced by advanced life.
		We know that life began at least 3.5 billion years ago, because that is the age of the oldest rocks with fossil evidence of life on earth.
		Currently, life is being sought on Mars where water may have once flowed on the surface and Europa where a subterranean sea of water may exist beneath its icy surface.
	www.lpl.arizona.edu /SIC/impact_cratering/origin_of_life (725 words)

	Origin of Life (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Dr. Delano is a Distinguished Teaching Professor at the University at Albany, State University of New York and an Associate Director of the New York Center for Studies on the Origins of Life.
		Origins of Life segments appear on several of WAMC's programs such as The Best of Our Knowledge, The Environment Show, 51% and The Health Show.
		New York Center for Studies on the Origins of Life, Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY 12180
	www.origins.rpi.edu (205 words)

	Hydrothermal origin of life? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Another problem is that the exclusive ‘left-handedness’ required for life is destroyed by heating, i.e.
		Levy, M and Miller, S.L., The stability of the RNA bases: Implications for the origin of life, Proc.
		Gish, D.T., Origin of life: The Fox thermal model of the origin of life, Impact 33, Institute for Creation Research, March 1976.
	www.answersingenesis.org /tj/v13/i2/origin.asp (1303 words)

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