
	Where results make sense

Topic: Orinocan Saltator

	Maintenance Energy Costs of Two Partially Folivorous Tropical Passerines
		We measured oxygen consumption (902) of six Grayish Saltators and four Orinocan Saltators in re- lation to ambient temperature (Ta) during the non- active phase with an open-flow Applied Electro- chemistry model S-3A analyzer as described in Weathers et al.
		The de- crease in T b between 34 and 13øC T a that we estimat- ed from the regression equations was 1.9øC in the Grayish Saltator (from 39.5 to 37.6øC) and 4.1øC in the Orinocan Saltator (from 39.1 to 35.0øC).
		However, the fact that saltators spend 77 to 80% of their time sitting, singing, and preening suggests that, under such a relaxed time budget, it is unlikely that they would be forced to forage or to spend con- siderable portions of time exposed to unfavorable ra- diative environments.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/Auk/v116n01/p0246-p0252.html (6523 words)

	Saltator - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Saltator is a genus of birds in the cardinal family Cardinalidae.
		The name "saltator'"is the English name for the group, and the English names of all except two species end in "Saltator".
		Vieillot applied it to this genus because of the heavy way the birds hop on the ground (Jobling and Fowling, 1992).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Saltator (116 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Environmental Correlates of Song Structure in Forest Grosbeaks and Saltators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		We compared the song structure of 19 species of forest grosbeaks and saltators based on the songs of 271 individuals recorded from Argentina to Canada, and analyzed their ecological correlates.
		However, in the case of saltators and forest grosbeaks, the patterns of variation found are consistent with the Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis.
		In conclusion, we found a clear pattern of association between the structure of the songs of forest grosbeaks and saltators and the habitat in which each species lives, and the kind of association found was consistent with predictions derived from the Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=397041 (4037 words)

	Classification of birds of South America Part 11
		Saltator nigriceps was formerly (e.g., Hellmayr 1938, Paynter 1970c, Fjeldså and Krabbe 1990) considered conspecific with S.
		They are parapatric allotaxa that are presumably sister species and form a superspecies (Sibley and Monroe 1990); evidence for treating them as separate species, as in most current classifications, is weak (Ridgely and Tudor 1989); they evidently differ in vocalizations (Ridgely and Greenfield 2001).
		Saltator striatipectus was formerly (e.g., Hellmayr 1938, Meyer de Schauensee 1970, Paynter 1970c) considered conspecific with S.
	www.museum.lsu.edu /~Remsen/SACCBaseline11.html (5779 words)

	Birds: Cardinalidae
		Saltator maximus (Statius Müller, 1776) - Buff-throated Saltator
		Saltator rufiventris d´Orbigny and Lafresnaye, 1837 - Rufous-bellied Saltator
		Saltator albicollis Vieillot, 1817 - Lesser Antillean Saltator
	www.phthiraptera.org /Birds/Passeriformes/Cardinalidae.html (92 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Environmental Correlates of Song Structure in Forest Grosbeaks and Saltators (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Here, we describe the song structure of saltators and forest grosbeaks in relation to their habitats.
		Songs of Saltator species of open and relatively dry habitats (S. atricollis, S. aurantiirostris, and S. orenocensls) had broader bandwidths and higher maximum frequencies than those of species of the group living in more closed habitats (S. atripennis, S. fuliginosus, S. grossus, S. similis, and Periporphyrus erythromelas).
		This species lives in mixed habitats and uses a relatively narrow-band song for long-range communication, but also has a wide-band duet song that is used when in close contact with the female.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/397041/environmental_correlates_of_song_structure_in_forest_grosbeaks_and_saltators/index.html?source=r_science (4076 words)

	FAVORITES FROM VENEZUELA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Darwin, with the help of a local taxi driver, found the Hotel Varyna in Barinas and we were soon off to our first Andean birding of the trip.
		Spot lighting near a rural house can bring on strange things but the attack albino turkey in full display inching closer in the early morning was completely unexpected though comical.
		A STREAKED SALTATOR was a new bird for the trip.
	www.birdtreks.com /highlites/ven.html (6378 words)

	[No title]
		Our first Orinoco Goose was spotted in the mist, and in the low scrub we had Riverside Tyrant.
		We started with a walk in the riverine forest along a dike where we had Orinoco Saltator.
		Afterwards, a boat took us into the vast system of lakes with beds of water hya\-cinths with bluish flowers, where fishing herons and resting raptors were seen at close range.
	www.doftravel.dk /reports/repven95.rtf (9091 words)

	InfoNatura Species Index: Family Cardinalidae
		CO, CR, EC, PA, PE, TT, VE Saltator rufiventris
		AR, BO, BR, CL, PE, PY, UY Saltator nigriceps
		BZ, CR, GT, HN, MX, NI, PA, SV Saltator fuliginosus
	www.natureserve.org /infonatura/speciesIndex/Family_Cardinalidae_100160_1.htm (993 words)

	COLUMBIA
		We’ll search xerophytic vegetation for some species that are shared only with the neighbouring sector of Venezuela.
		Orinocan Saltator, Caribbean Hornero, Bare-eyed Pigeon, Green-rumped Parrotlet, Scaled Dove and Brown-throated Parakeet fall into this category.
		The cactus-rich scrub further on is the best place to see a couple of Guajira’s special birds: Vermilion Cardinal and Chestnut Piculet.
	www.toucantours.co.uk /COLUMBIA/Columbia.htm (1503 words)

	ObservTours, Inc. Official Website
		We fly at the first opportunity the next morning to Puerto Ordaz far to the west and south of the Orinoco River.
		Our first birding will be here in Cachamay Park where dry forests and riverine forests abut and bring such species as Violaceous Jay, Orinocan Saltator, and Capped Heron in range.
		We may also encounter Gray Pileated-Finch, Blue-tailed Emerald, and Southern Beardless- Tyrannulet in this area before heading toward the town of Las Claritas.
	www.observtours.com /details.cfm?tripname=tepuis (826 words)

	Sunbird Tours
		Day 11: We’ll leave early and enjoy a picnic breakfast along a side road just north of town where we’ll look for Black-capped Donacobius and Orinocan Saltator.
		We’ll then drive north through the llanos stopping to look for any species that might have eluded us up to this point, and especially for Bare-eyed Pigeon.
		Driving north we’ll check roadside vegetation for Orinoco Saltators....
	www.sunbirdtours.co.uk /brochure_2003/s_america/venezuela/venezuela.html (1702 words)

	venezuela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Here, participants will have the opportunity to look for Spectacled Owl, Yellow-knobbed Curassow, Striped Owl, Black-and-white Owl, Little Nightjar and many small passerines including Yellow Tyrannulet, Pale-tipped Inezia, Lance-tailed Manakin, White-throated Spadebill and Slate-headed Tody-Flycatcher.
		Along the rivers, another habitat occurs, the Gallery Forest, where we will look for Pale-headed Jacamar, Orinocan Saltator, White-bearded Flycatcher, Red-billed Scythebill, Hooded and Guira tanagers, Trinidad Euphonia and many more species.
		In the wetlands, many waterbirds occur including the Jabiru Stork, whistling-ducks, tiger-herons, egrets and the beautiful Scarlet Ibis along the the amazing Sunbittern.
	www.born2bird.com /venezuela.htm (1791 words)

	WORLDTWITCH - Venezuela Birding Trip Report by Jon Hornbuckle, January - February 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Then a 2h 30m drive to the one-horse town of Bruzual.
		Late afternoon the road to San Vicente was very birdy, with many ibis and whistling-ducks, our first Pinnated Bittern, and Orinocan Saltator.
		The big bridge over Río Apure at Bruzual at dusk gave the amazing sight of 100s of Band-tailed Nighthawks flying up and down the river, with a few Skimmers.
	www.worldtwitch.com /venezuela_jh.htm (5522 words)

	Andean and Rainforest Expeditions - Peru, Rainforest, Ecotourism, Amazon, Chile, Patagonia
		The dry season is remarkable for its beautiful sunsets and the hundreds of Whistling-Ducks concentrated on the remaining pools.
		Birds includes Hoatzin, Rufescent Tiger-heron, Jabiru Stork, Scarlet Ibis,Tourpial, Sharp-tailed Ibis, Aplomado Falcon, Amazonian Black-Tyrant, Sunbittern, Dwarf Cuckoo, Whistling Heron, Scarlet Macaw, Capped Heron, Rusty-backed Spinetail, Boat-billed Heron, White-naped Xenopsaris, Orinoco Goose, River Tyrannulet, Orinocan Saltator, Yellow-knobbed Curassow, Agami Heron and possibly Zigzag Heron!
		MORNING HATO EL CEDRAL, MIDDAY DRIVE TO THE CITY OF BARINAS.
	www.andeanrain.com /bitin-birdingvenezuela.htm (1458 words)

	Anytime Tours (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Three days of excursions on this working cattle ranch should give us good looks at both birds and mammals.
		Target Species: Jabiru, seven species of Ibis, Capped Heron, Aplomado Falcon, Horned Screamer, Muscovy Duck, Yellow-knobbed Curassow, Hoatzin, Sunbittern, White-tailed Nightjar, owls, Scarlet Macaws, White-bearded Flycatcher, Black-capped Donacobius, Orinocan Saltator
		We will have an early morning departure for Caracas to connect with international flight
	www.anytimetours.co.uk /content.php?categoryId=103 (1034 words)

	TRIP REPORT/UPDATE
		Similarly, if the guide isn’t available you can still get them to take you to a good locale, such as the Caicare gallery forest and the road along its edge.
		We found a number of good birds there with minimal help from the guides, including Amazon Black Tyrant, Orinocan Saltator, Trinidad Euphonia, Chestnut-fronted Macaw, and many others.
		Most, if not all, of the driver/guides can locate many of the birds (especially the larger localized species such as Capped Heron) you especially will want to see and may not find without the assistance of a guide.
	maybank.tripod.com /SouthAmerica/Venezuela-02-2000.htm (8552 words)

	Trinidad & Tobago Birding -- Southern Caribbean and Orinoco River Cruise, January 1996
		Although the ambiance was one of concrete and asphalt, the close views of those species at 40X were breathtaking.
		In Cachamay Park along the Rio Caroni near the Intercontinental Hotel, the most interesting species we found included Cocoi ("White-necked") Heron, Ringed and Amazon Kingfishers, three species of woodcreepers (Olivaceous, Buff-throated, and Streak-headed), Cinnamon Flycatcher, Orinocan Saltator, and Saffron Finch.
		We also found a White-faced Monkey in a tree along the trail.
	www.birderbill.us /carib_96.htm (8587 words)

	Peru Travel and Tours to Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Lake Titicaca and more by Lost World Adventures
		FAM:FRINGILLIDAE SEMILLEROS, CANARIOS, CARDENALES - SALTATORS CARDINALS, FINCHES
		265- Saltator coerulescens - Guaimarero - Grayish Saltator
		266- Saltator orenocensis - Lechosero Pechiblanco - Orinocan Saltator
	www.lostworldadventures.com /specialinterest/birds/venezuela/llanos/cedralbirdlist.htm (2655 words)

	What's New on this Site?
		Knut Eisermann of Cayaya Birding has joined our
		Black-headed Saltator, Black-faced Grosbeak, Tody Motmot, Greenish Elaenia, and White-throated Thrush.
		Vaughan Ashby of Birdfinders has sent some new
	www.camacdonald.com /birding/WhatsNew2003Archive.htm (2848 words)

	ARASSARI TREK - WILDLIFE SAFARIS - BIRDWATCHING - LLANOS - Venezuela (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Early morning transfer to the “Reserva Forestal de Caimital” (3 thousand hectares of Gallery Rainforest, protected by the University of Los Andes) Full day birding.
		(Laughing Hawk, Russet-throated Puffbird White-bearded and Wire-tailed Manakin, Pale- headed Jacamar, Rufous-tailed Jacamar, Masked Ti-tyra, Black-crowned Tityra, Glaucous Tanager, Great Antshrike, Fasciated Ant-shrike, Violaceus Trogon, Blue-crowned Motmot, Squirrel Cuckoo, Little Cuckoo, Orange- chinned Parakeet, Red-throated Caracara, White-necked Jacobin, White-chinned Sapphire, Black- throated Mango, Manybanded Aracari, Red-billed Toucan, Citron-throated Toucan,Orinocan Saltator,...)
		(Orinoco Goose, Giant Snipe,Pinnated Bittern,Orinocan Saltator, Horned Screamer,Muscovy Duck, Brazilian Teal, White-faced and Black-bellied whistling Ducks, Buff-necked and Scarlet Ibises, Maguari Stork, Woodstork, Jabirú, Rufescent Tiger, Heron, Boatbilled, Capped, Black and Yellow Crowned Herons, Sungrebe, Sunbittern, Roseate Spoonbill, Green-winged and Chestnut-fronted Macaws, Hoatzins, Green, Belted, Ringed, Pigmy, Amazon and Green and rufous Kingfishers,..)
	www.arassari.com /3-birdllanos.html (335 words)

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