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Topic: Ornithine

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Citrulline

Ornithine decarboxylase

Sarcosine

Essential amino acid

Urea cycle

Amino acid

Acid

Hydroxyproline

Glycine

Nitrogen

Homocysteine

Nitric oxide synthase

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	Ornithine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Therefore, ornithine is a central part of the urea cycle, which allows for the disposal of excess nitrogen.
		Ornithine is not an amino acid coded for by DNA, and in that sense, is not involved in protein synthesis.
		Ornithine, via the action of ornithine decarboxylase (E.C. 4.1.1.17), is the starting point for the synthesis of polyamines such as putrescine.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ornithine (183 words)

	Ornithine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In order for an ornithine deficiency to occur, the body would also have to be deficient in arginine, since ornithine is formed when arginine is altered by the enzyme arginase.
		Ornithine is the precursor of amino acids citulline, glutamic acid, and proline.
		Ornithine supplements should never be given to children unless done so by a physician because of its effect on growth hormone.
	www.innvista.com /health/nutrition/amino/ornithin.htm (167 words)

	LifeLink’s Ornithine Ketoglutarate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) is a salt formed of two molecules of the amino acid ornithine, and one molecule of alpha-ketoglutarate.
		Ornithine itself has the ability to stimulate human growth hormone secretion; OKG can, in addition, shift the balance between the synthesis and breakdown of muscle protein toward synthesis — that is, it has anabolic effects.
		Ornithine is used for building muscle and improving athletic performance, for accelerating growth in children with growth hormone deficiencies, and for boosting immunity during periods of trauma or stress.
	www.lifelinknet.com /siteResources/ProductPages/Ornithine-Ketoglutarate.asp?noQty=true (94 words)

	Ornithine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ornithine can be made from arginine, and is the precursor of the amino acids glutamic acid, citrulline, and arginine and further to proline and hydroxyproline.
		With arginine, ornithine is useful in nitrogen (ammonia) metabolism.
		Ornithine is usually supplemented along with arginine, as they have similar actions.
	www.geocities.com /nutriflip/Supplements/Ornithine.html (707 words)

	GNC - HealthNotes - Ornithine
		Ornithine, an amino acid, is manufactured by the body when another amino acid, arginine, is metabolized during the production of urea (a constituent of urine).
		Animal research has suggested that ornithine, along with arginine, may promote muscle-building activity in the body by increasing levels of growth-promoting (anabolic) hormones such as insulin and growth hormone.
		Ornithine aspartate has been shown to be beneficial in people with brain abnormalities (hepatic encephalopathy) due to liver cirrhosis.
	www.gnc.com /health_notes/healthnotes.aspx?ContentID=2893009 (600 words)

	ChiroFind.com \| tell me about Ornithine
		Some studies have found that a combination of ornithine and arginine may promote muscle-building activity; other studies have reported increases in lean muscle mass and strength, but these studies have yet to be confirmed independently.
		Since ornithine is produced naturally, it is highly unlikely a deficiency would occur; however, pregnant women and people who have suffered severe trauma or malnutrition may become ornithine deficient.
		Effects of arginine and ornithine on strength, lean body mass and urinary hydroxyproline in adult males.
	www.chiroweb.com /find/tellmeabout/ornithine.html (419 words)

	MoonDragon's Health & Wellness: Nutrition - Amino Acids: Ornithine
		Ornithine is synthesized in the body from the amino acid arginine, when it is metabolized during urea production and is required by the body as it in turn serves as the precursor of citrulline, proline, and glutamic acid.
		Ornithine plays an important role in the urea cycle and is the precursor of the amino acids citrulline, glutamic acid, and proline.
		Ornithine is not directly incorporated into proteins and enzymes and does not have a codon in the genetic code.
	www.moondragon.org /health/nutritionbasics/aminoacids/ornithine.html (418 words)

	L-Ornithine
		Inasmuch as ornithine is metabolized to arginine, which also demonstrates some of these effects, it is possible that ornithine, when more thoroughly studied, might exhibit some similar effects.
		In one double-blind, placebo-controlled study, a combination of 1 gram of arginine and 1 gram of ornithine daily, used in conjunction with a high-intensity strength-training program over a five-week period, increased total strength and lean body mass in adult males, compared with controls.
		There is apparently only one study reporting that ornithine increased growth hormone levels in bodybuilders, and this study used a very high dose of the supplement (13 grams daily).
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/lor_0190.shtml (728 words)

	Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate for Sports & Fitness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Although the amino acids that comprise OKG are present in protein foods such as meat and poultry and fish, the OKG compound is found only in supplements.
		Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) is used by the body to make many substances related to cell growth and repair.
		OKG is formed from the amino acids ornithine and glutamine and is believed to facilitate muscle growth by enhancing the body’s release of anabolic hormones.
	www.jaycfoods.com /hn/Benefits_Sports/OKG.htm (378 words)

	Ornithine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Ornithine is an amino acid that is synthesized by arginine in the body.
		Ammonia is detoxified in the presence of ornithine, which protects the liver and keeps it functioning properly.
		Common Uses: Since ornithine is found in the skin and connective tissue, this amino acid is effective in treating damaged tissue.
	www.nutritiondynamics.com /cgi-bin/process.asp?product=Ornithine (640 words)

	odc-1 - Ornithine decarboxylase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The gene (odc-1) encoding ornithine decarboxylase, a key enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, was cloned and characterized.
		Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyses the conversion of ornithine to putrescine, an obligate precursor to the polyamines spermidine and spermine.
		odc-1 is a homologue of ODC1 (Ornithine decarboxylase) from Homo sapiens.
	www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gi/44083.html (171 words)

	Ornithine, L-ornithine-L-aspartate, OA, Ornithine-aspartate
		Since ornithine is produced by the body, a deficiency of this nonessential amino acid is unlikely, though depletion can occur during growth or
		In human research involving ornithine, 5–10 grams are typically used per day, sometimes combined with arginine.
		Ornithine ingestion and growth hormone release in bodybuilders.
	www.truestarhealth.com /Notes/2893009.html (844 words)

	Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate
		Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate, abbreviated OKG, also known as ornithine 2-oxoglutarate or ornithine oxoglutarate (OGO), is a salt formed of two molecules of the non-protein amino acid, L-ornithine, and one molecule of the Krebs cycle dicarboxylic acid, alpha-ketoglutarate.
		Enteral ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate enhances intestinal adaptation to massive resection in rats.
		Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate counteracts the decrease of liver cytochrome p-450 content in burned rats.
	www.pdrhealth.com /drug_info/nmdrugprofiles/nutsupdrugs/orn_0324.shtml (1084 words)

	eMedicine - Hyperammonemia-Hyperornithinemia-Homocitrullinemia Syndrome : Article by Richard E Frye, MD, PhD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The ornithine carrier is typical of other mitochondrial carrier family proteins, being composed of 300 amino acids that constitute 3 repeated motifs of approximately 100 amino acids each.
		Ornithine incorporation was restored in fibroblasts derived from patients with HHH syndrome by transforming the fibroblasts with transporter complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA).
		Ornithine transcarbamoylase within the mitochondrial matrix may convert lysine to homocitrulline in the absence of ornithine, causing high blood levels of homocitrulline and homocitrullinuria.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic1058.htm (2775 words)

	Ornithine of Augusta, Georgia
		In human research involving ornithine, 5-10 grams are typically used per day, sometimes combined with arginine.
		Brocker P, Vellas B, Albarede JL, Poynard T. A two-centre, randomized, double-blind trial of ornithine oxoglutarate in 194 elderly, ambulatory, convalescent subjects.
		Zieve L. Conditional deficiencies of ornithine or arginine.
	www.universityhealth.org /17904.cfm (940 words)

	Rat colon ornithine and arginine metabolism: coordinated effects after proliferative stimuli -- Han et al. 280 (3): 389 ...
		Ornithine and arginine levels were measured by HPLC analysis of the supernatants of homogenized colonic mucosal scrapings precipitated in 0.2% NaDOC and 8% TCA.
		Ornithine levels were measured by HPLC analysis of the supernatants of homogenized colonic mucosal scrapings precipitated in 0.2% NaDOC and 8% TCA.
		Ornithine decarboxylase induction in rat colon: synergistic effects of starvation-refeeding and intrarectal instillation of sodium deoxycholate.
	ajpgi.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/280/3/G389 (7092 words)

	Under recognition of late onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency -- Schultz and Salo 82 (5): 390 -- Archives of ...
		The subtle onset and course of ornithine transcarbamylase
		The biochemical and molecular spectrum of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.
		Asymptomatic and late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency in males of a five-generation family, caused by an A208T mutation.
	adc.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/82/5/390 (752 words)

	Effect of spermidine on the in vivo degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Gupta et al. ...
		of spermidine on the degradation of ornithine decarboxylase in
		Loss of ornithine decarboxylase activity after spermidine addition to a spe2-4 culture (strain 28-8D) is accompanied by a parallel loss in the amount of ornithine decarboxylase protein (measured immunologically).
		Ornithine decarboxylase activity was measured essentially as previously described (12) by measuring the
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/98/19/10620 (2431 words)

	Solgar Healthnotes Search
		Ornithine in large amounts has raised levels of growth hormone in some athletes, while smaller amounts had no effect.
		Some research has demonstrated benefits of combining arginine and ornithine, but this research needs to be independently confirmed.
		Ornithine ingestion and growth hormone release in body-builders.
	www.solgar.co.uk /healthnotes/healthnotes.asp?org=boots&ContentID=3891000 (643 words)

	Ornithine Alpha-Ketoglutarate
		Ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate (OKG) is manufactured from two amino acids, ornithine and glutamine.
		Ornithine and glutamine are thought to have anabolic effects, meaning that they stimulate the body to build muscle and other tissues.
		This is a closely related but slightly different property; ornithine and glutamine appear to block the effect of hormones that break down muscle and other tissues (catabolic hormones).
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /GetContent.aspx?token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21829 (961 words)

	Ornithine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		One study that did demonstrate increased growth hormone with oral ornithine used very high amounts (an average of 13 grams/day) and reported many gastrointestinal side effects.
		Since ornithine is produced by the body, a deficiency of this nonessential amino acid is unlikely, though depletion can occur during growth or pregnancy, and after severe trauma or malnutrition.
		In human research involving ornithine, several grams are typically used per day, sometimes combined with arginine.
	www.bodyandfitness.com /Information/Fitness/Research/ornithine.htm (416 words)

	SCIENCE: ORNITHINE? What is Ornithine? at Liver Flush [FAQ]
		A double-blind trial evaluated the effects of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate supplementation in elderly people recovering from acute illnesses;7 those who took 10 grams of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate per day for two months had marked improvement in appetite, weight gain, and quality of life compared to those taking placebo.
		Preliminary 9 and controlled 10 studies of people with severe burns showed that supplementation with 10—30 grams of ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate per day significantly improved wound healing and decreased the length of hospital stays.
		Since ornithine is produced by the body, a deficiency of this nonessential amino acid is unlikely, though depletion can occur during growth or pregnancy, and after severe trauma or malnutrition.11
	www.curezone.com /forums/m.asp?f=73&i=120 (791 words)

	Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency
		It is possible that the main title of the report Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency is not the name you expected.
		Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is a rare genetic disorder characterized by complete or partial lack of the enzyme ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC).
		OTC is one of six enzymes that play a role in the break down and removal of nitrogen the body, a process known as the urea cycle.
	my.webmd.com /hw/raising_a_family/nord309.asp (508 words)

	References - ornithine decarboxylase - HORT640 - Metabolic Plant Physiology - Department of Horticulture and Landscape ...
		Alabadi D, Carbonell J 1998 Expression of ornithine decarboxylase is transiently increased by pollination, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and gibberellic acid in tomato ovaries.
		Cohen E, Heimer YM, Mizrahi Y 1982 Ornithine decarboxylase and arginine decarboxylase activities in meristematic tissue of tomato and potato plants.
		Guevara-Olvera L, Xoconostle-Cazares B, Ruiz-Herrera J 1997 Cloning and disruption of the ornithine decarboxylase gene of Ustilago maydis: evidence for a role of polyamines in its dimorphic transition.
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/referen/odc.htm (2865 words)

	Studies on the mechanisms of ornithine decarboxylase in vitro inactivation. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Hydrocortisone-induced rat liver ornithine decarboxylase appears quite stable in the soluble fraction of the homogenate incubated at 37 degrees C.
		The ornithine decarboxylase-inactivating capacity appears mainly bound to microsomes.
		On the basis of present results it is suggested that ornithine decarboxylase may be reversibly inactivated through microsome-catalyzed formation of mixed or enzyme-enzyme disulfides and that NADPH plays a crucial role in ornithine decarboxylase reactivation, probably by cytosolic reductase(s).
	www.arclab.org /medlineupdates/abstract_6824689.html (162 words)

	Alternative pathways of proline synthesis in plants - Proline, ornithine and arginine metabolism - HORT640 - Metabolic ...
		An ornithine delta-aminotransferase cDNA was isolated from a mothbean (Vigna aconitifolia) cDNA expression library employing a proBA mutant of E.
		The alternative pathway involves alpha-NH transamination of ornithine (catalyzed by ornithine alpha-transaminase) to alpha-keto-delta-aminovalerate which is in spontaneous equilibrium with pyrroline-2-carboxylate (P2C).
		In vivo tracer studies with labeled ornithine strongly suggest that the P2C pathway of ornithine metabolism is the main route of conversion of ornithine to proline in several plant species investigated (Mestichelli et al, 1979).
	www.hort.purdue.edu /rhodcv/hort640c/proline/pr00006.htm (447 words)

	Ornithine (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Some experts have claimed that ornithine promotes muscle-building activity in the body, but other research does not support these claims.
		Since ornithine is produced by the body, a deficiency of this non-essential amino acid is unlikely.
		There are no reported side effects from the use of ornithine.
	www.vitaminevi.com /Supp/Ornithine.htm (238 words)

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