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Topic: Ornithischia

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	Dinosaurier
		Die Beckenknochen der Ornithischia ähnelten denen von Vögeln.
		Alle Angehörigen dieser Gruppe waren Pflanzenfresser, viele von ihnen trugen Panzer, um sich vor den räuberischen Theropoden zu schützen.
		, die letzten der Ornithischia, unterschieden sich sehr von ihren gepanzerten großen Verwandten.
	www.dino-wissen.de /html/dino3.html (313 words)

	Ornithischia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		They are known as the "bird-hipped" dinosaurs because of their hip structure, even though birds actually descended from the "lizard-hipped" dinosaurs (the saurischians).
		Being herbivores that sometimes lived in herds, they were more numerous than the saurischians, as they were prey for the theropods and were smaller than the sauropods.
		The division is based on the bird-like form of the pelvis, the possession of a predentary, details in the vertebrae and armor, and has been generally adopted.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ornithischia (322 words)

	Dinosaur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The other great dinosaurian clade is the Ornithischia (or Predentata).
		Nevertheless it is still theorized that some dinosaur population could have survived the main extinction event isolated in Antarctica, being then killed by the climatic change.
		Dinosaurs are divided into two major orders, the Saurischia and the Ornithischia, on the basis of hip structure.
	www.bidprobe.com /en/wikipedia/d/di/dinosaur.html (1555 words)

	All About Hadrosaurs
		Different sources break Ornithischia into 3 to 5 suborders (the three suborders described here are as presented by the University of California, Berkeley, Museum of Paleontology).
		The Ornithischia were small to medium-sized dinosaurs (usually less than 30 feet long) but very successful.
		The Ornithopoda or bird-footed dinosaurs were one branch (suborder) of the Ornthischia that lived for some 140 million years, during the better part of both the Jurassic and the Cretaceous periods.
	www.nps.gov /akso/ParkWise/Students/ReferenceLibrary/Paleontology/Hadrosaurs.htm (1170 words)

	Re: More phylogenetic taxonom (was Re: Def. of Ornithischia)
		The most recent ancestor of Ornithischia is Dinosauria, which is Triceratops's, X's and Y's common ancestor with birds.
		The clade Ornithischia is Triceratops and all taxa sharing a more recent common ancestor with Triceratops than birds.
		Since this is the common ancestor with birds, Ornithischia does NOT share a more recent common ancestor with Triceratops than with birds.
	dml.cmnh.org /1997Jun/msg00400.html (344 words)

	ornithischia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Unlike the other main group of classic dinosaurian herbivores, the sauropodomorphs, ornithischians display a wide variety of bodily features that appear to have been used for display and recognition, like the vertebral fins and headgear of hadrosaurids and some iguanodonts.
		Ornithischia to Genasauria: Unlike theropods and sauropodomorphs, there is little good material for basal ornithischians.
		Years ago, when all ornithischians were thought to have sprung from some sort of ornithopod or another, most of these animals would have been known as the most basal ornithopods, the "fabrosaurids."
	personal2.stthomas.edu /jstweet/ornithischia.htm (1345 words)

	Superorder Dinosauria
		The group comprises two large orders, Saurischia and Ornithischia, originally distinguished on differences in the pelvis.
		Traditionally, dinosaurs were considered as reptiles because of the type of openings in their skulls and the structure of their pelvis.
		In saurischians, the three bones of the pelvis (ilium, pubis and ischium) form a triangle, whereas in ornithischians, they form a rectangle.
	www.peripatus.gen.nz /Taxa/Chordata/Dinosauria.html (1608 words)

	Research Starters: Dinosaurs
		The interval of the Earth's history from about 230 million to 65 million years ago is known as the Mesozoic Era.
		The Ornithischia were plant-eating dinosaurs with hipbones that resemble the hipbone arrangement of modern birds.
		Based on their study of fossils, scientists have been able to classify dinosaurs into two main groups, the Saurischia ("lizard hips") and the Ornithischia ("bird hips").
	teacher.scholastic.com /researchtools/researchstarters/dinosaur (623 words)

	The Dinosauria
		The dinosaurs are classified based on the morphology, or shape, of their fossil bones.
		The Ornithischia are different in that the pubis articulates posteriorly, or to the rear, with the ischium.
		Both the Saurischia and the Ornithischia originate from a common Triassic age ancestor, a reptilian group called the archosaurs.
	www.actionwebhosting.com /dallaspaleo/paleo/articles/20020821_01.htm (361 words)

	The Ornithischia-Bird-hipped Dinosaurs (from dinosaur) -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia
		The name Ornithischia refers to the backward-pointing structure of the hip bones of today's birds, a trait shared by dinosaurs in this order.
		Shantungosaurus is classified as a member of the duck-billed dinosaur family Hadrosauridae, which belongs to the order Ornithischia (the bird-hipped dinosaurs).
		Its order, Ornithischia (the bird-hipped dinosaurs), is divided into four...
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-199599?tocId=199599&ct= (853 words)

	What groups of dinosaurs existed?
		Since the earliest days of dinosaur palaeontology, dinosaurs have been split into two very broad groups - the Saurischia and Ornithischia (meaning lizard-hipped and bird-hipped respectively.) Indeed for some time it was believed that these two groups had no common ancestor, so that the term ``dinosaur'' was not a taxonomically sound one.
		Rather unnecessarily, life is made yet more confusing by those who wish to rename the Ornithischia as the Predentata (named after the predentary, a bone at the front of the lower jaw which is unique to this group of dinosaurs.) In this document, we use the older, better established term.
		The Ornithischia are so named because their hip bones superficially resemble those of modern birds, in that the public bone points downwards and backwards, rather than down and forwards as in most (though not all) saurischians.
	www.miketaylor.org.uk /dino/faq/s-class/overview (3381 words)

	AccessScience @ McGraw-Hill - Dinosaur Sample Page
		Saurischia, including the carnivorous Theropoda and the giant, long-necked Sauropoda, retained the generalized reptilian hip structure in which the pubis points down and forward and the ischium points down and backward.
		Seeley's discovery, in fact, only recognized the distinctness of Ornithischia, but he concluded that Saurischia and Ornithischia were not particularly closely related.
		Although this scheme was debatable in some particulars, it spurred renewed studies anchored in the new methodology of cladistic analysis of phylogenies.
	web10.eppg.com /accessscience/dinosaur.html (507 words)

	Dinosaurs Home
		Dinosaurs are divided into two major groups: the Ornithischia (âbird-hippedâ) and the Saurischia (âlizard-hippedâ), because of the arrangement of their hip bones.
		Despite their name, the Ornithischia are not closely related to birds, but it is thought that birds evolved from a saurischian ancestor!
		The Ornithischia contains several groups: the Ornithopoda (âbird-footedâ) the Marginocephalia (âmargin headedâ) and the Thyreophora (âshield-bearersâ), which were all herbivorous.
	www.dinosaurisle.com /dinosaurs.aspx (130 words)

	Dinosauria Defined
		I believe I read somewhere (I think it was here) that we should define dinosaurs as all the descendants of the most recent common ancestor of Megalosaurus and Iguanodon.
		Padian and May (1993) formally defined "Ornithischia" as Triceratops and and all taxa closer to Triceratops than to Saurischia.
		Or, to go to the paper by Holtz and Padian at last year's SVP meeting, _Eoraptor_ and Herrerasauridae are dinosaurs only if they are shown (by the most parsimonious distribution of derived characters) to fall within the clade joining Ornithischia and Saurischia (or _Triceratops_ and birds, or _Iguanodon_ and _Megalosaurus_ informally).
	www.dinosauria.com /jdp/dino/dinosaur.htm (784 words)

	Iguanodon -- Britannica Student Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The iguanodonts resembled the hypsilophodonts but were larger, measuring up to 30 feet (9 meters) in length and weighing up to 5 tons.
		Near Krems, in Austria, is a site famous for mammoth bones and animals associated with the mammoth such as the woolly rhinoceros.
		One of the two major orders of dinosaurs, the Ornithischia were those dinosaurs whose pelvic structure resembled that of modern birds.
	www.britannica.com /ebi/article-9311787?tocId=9311787 (630 words)

	Desert Dinosaurs (DesertUSA)
		Dinosaurs were the dominant land animals on the planet throughout the Mesozoic Era (from 245 to 65 million years ago) but became extinct at its close.
		Throughout all the North American desert regions, which during the Mesozoic Era, changed from a tropical climate, when the continent was near the equator, to more temperate and arid climates.
		Today, many experts agree that birds are the direct descendants of the Theropoda group of dinosaurs.
	www.desertusa.com /mag98/dec/papr/dinos.html (1200 words)

	Pachycephalosaurs: The "Bone Heads" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The Family Pachycephalosauridae, whose name means "thick-headed lizard," is a group of dinosaurs from the subOrder Ornithopoda, the "bird-footed" dinosaurs.
		This subOrder of dinosaurs is placed in the Order Ornithischia, the "bird-hipped" dinosaurs.
		All members of the Order Ornithischia (which includes the Ornithopoda, Ceratopians, Stegosauria, and Ankylosaurids) were herbivorous (plant-eating), and, with the exception of the Ornithopoda, all were quadrupedal, meaning that they walked on all four of their legs.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/paleontology/84298 (683 words)

	REFERENCES FOR PACHYCEPHALOSAURS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Notes on pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from North America, with comments on their status as ornithopods.
		Wall, W. and Galton, P. New data on pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs (Reptilia: Ornithischia) from North America.
		Giffin, E. Anatomy and classification of the North American Pachycephalosauria (Dinosauria: Ornithischia).
	www.dinoruss.org /de_4/5c9eb6e.htm (128 words)

	Ornithischia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Taxobox-end Ornithischia is an order (biology) of beaked, herbivore dinosaurs.
		The dinosaur supergroup was divided into the two orders, Ornithischia and Saurischia, by Professor Harry Seeley in 1887.
		The split is based on the form of the pelvis, skull, vertebrae and armor, and has been generally adopted..
	read-and-go.hopto.org /Dinosaurs/Ornithischia.html (205 words)

	Lec 6 Origin of Dinosauria
		Seeley divided the dinosaurs into two major groups based on their pelvic structure: the Saurischia (lizard hipped dinosaurs) and the Ornithischia (bird hipped dinosaurs).
		In fact, it was believed that Ornithischia, Saurischia, Pterosauria, and Crocodylia arose independently from the "Thecondontia" (Modern dinosaur paleontologists do not recognize the Thecodontia because of the group's polyphyletic origins).
		At first Staurikosaurus, Herrerasaurus, and Eoraptor (although meeting the requirements as dinosaurs) could not be placed in either Saurischia or Ornithischia.
	www.wvup.edu /ecrisp/lecoriginofdinosauria.html (1454 words)

	Cloning Dinosaurs
		There are two general groups of dinosaurs based on hip morphology The Saurischia (reptile-hipped) and the Ornithischia (bird-hipped).
		In both groups the ilium and the ischium have relatively similar forms, but in the Ornithiscia, the pubis has a narrow rod-shaped extension running ventrally and posteriorly along the ventral side of the ischium.
		Most of the Ornithischia also have a horn covered beak and bony rods and vertebral spines.
	biomed.brown.edu /Courses/BIO48/34.Cloning.Dinosaurs.HTML (802 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 320:100 Ornithischia
		Phylogeny: Ornithischia: Fabrosauridae + *: Thyreophora + Cerapoda.
		Characters: Tooth rows offset medially, from which existence of muscular cheeks is inferred; mandibular foramen reduced and spout-shaped.
		Links: DinoData: Genasauria; Lectures 19-20: Late Cretaceous (cladogram); NEW STUDIES; columbia 12; ornithischia; Lecture 19- Late Cretaceous I; ornithischia cladogram; Dinosauria Translation and Pronunciation Guide G.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/320Ornithischia/100.html (3740 words)

	Biography, Dr. Michael Ryan
		The palaeogeographic and stratigraphic distribution of ceratopsids (Ornithischia) in the Upper Judith River Group of Western Canada.
		Craniofacial ontogeny in centrosaurine dinosaurs (Ornithischia: Ceratopsidae): Taphonomic and Behavioral Phylogenetic implications.
		A sub-adult Styracosaurus (Ornithischia) from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Late Campanian), Alberta, Canada.
	www.cmnh.org /collections/mryanbio.html (658 words)

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