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Topic: Ornithodira

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	Ornithodira -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Ornithodira is a division of the (additional info and facts about Archosauromorpha) Archosauromorpha (and perhaps (Extinct reptiles including: dinosaurs; plesiosaurs; pterosaurs; ichthyosaurs; thecodonts) Archosauria) (A group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited from a common ancestor) clade.
		Members of this clade were characterized by an upright (A person's manner of walking) gait and an S-curved neck, hence the name "Ornithodira" ("bird neck").
		However, the Ornithodira clade is still valid because it is defined as the last common ancestor of the dinosaurs and the pterosaurs, and all its descendants.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/o/or/ornithodira.htm (196 words)

	Re: FAQ (Ornithodira)
		> :-) > > Ornithodira is specifically the clade composed of the most recent common > ancestor of Pterosauria and Dinosauria, and all of that ancestor's > descendants.
		> The third hallmark of Ornithodira > is the advanced mesotarsal ankle joint, a simple ankle where the upper > ankle bones (astragulus and calcaneum) are closely attached to the tibia > and fibula, while the lower ankle bones are closely attached to the > metatarsus.
		Ornithodira should not be used in any context other than the > original defintion (i.e.
	dml.cmnh.org /1994Aug/msg00106.html (452 words)

	iqexpand.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dinosauromorpha contains the lagosuchians, and their famous descendants, the dinosaurs, which are believed to be the ancestors of modern birds.
		By definition, the Archosauria (rocs + crocs) are comprised of the Ornithodira (rocs andgt; crocs) and the Crurotarsi (crocs andgt; rocs).
		Perhaps the most common are the Ornithodira (rocs andgt; crocs) and Crurotarsi (crocs andgt; rocs).
	ornithodira.iqexpand.com (339 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 270.510 Archosauromorpha : Archosauria : Ornithodira
		Palaeos Vertebrates 270.510 Archosauromorpha : Archosauria : Ornithodira
		By definition, the Archosauria (rocs + crocs) are comprised of the Ornithodira (rocs > crocs) and the Crurotarsi (crocs > rocs).
		Ornithodira: Rocs > Crocs (not the same as Ornithodira sensu Benton = dinosaurs + pterosaurs)
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/270Archosauromorpha/270.510.html (1513 words)

	Palaeos Vertebrates 270.500 Archosauromorpha : Archosauria
		Perhaps the most common are the Ornithodira (rocs > crocs) and Crurotarsi (crocs > rocs).
		The Ornithodira were originally the Ornithosuchia -- named after the Ornithosuchidae -- until it was learned that the Ornithosuchidae were more likely crurotarsans, which caused a certain amount of embarrassment all around.
		In any event, the Ornithodira are now believed to include Scleromochlus, pterosaurs, dinosaurs, and birds.
	www.palaeos.com /Vertebrates/Units/270Archosauromorpha/270.500.html (1585 words)

	PS Wiki Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A number of these archosaur groups - chiefly those large Crurotarsi that are in pre-cladistic books called the Thecodonts - became extinct 195 million years ago, during the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event.
		The survivors - the Dinosaurs and the Pterosaurs among the Ornithodira, and first the Sphenosuchia and Protosuchia then their descendants the Crocodilia among the Crurotarsi - flourished during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
		The dinosaurs dominated the land, the pterosaurs and later another archosaurian group, the birds, the air, and the crocodiles the rivers and swamps and even invading the seas (the Teleosaurs and Metriorhynchidae).
	70.84.119.226 /~puresear/PSWiki/index.php?title=Archosauria (343 words)

	Untitled Document (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Dinosauria is diagnosed by 17 apomorphic features, such as: deltopectoral crest distally projected; at least three sacral vertebrae; perforated acetabulum; presence of brevis shelf on ilium; astragalar ascending process inserts beneath the tibia; distal tarsal 4 proximodistally depressed.
		The analysis suggests that a sustained modification of hindlimb morphology occurred in the early evolution of Ornithodira, since most of the diagnostic features of this and less inclusive groups (e.g., Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, and Dinosauria) pertain to the femur, tibia, tarsus, and pes.
		The transformation of the pelvic bones (and presumably in the musculature originating from the ilium, ischium, and pubis) was delayed with respect to the hindlimbs, since most important pelvic modifications occurred at the Dinosauria node, but not before.
	www.vertpaleo.org /jvp/16-723-741.html (278 words)

	Brief History of the Dinosaurs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The dinosaurs' phylogeny comes out from the Archosauria, and then from one group of Archosaurs called the Ornithodira.
		The Ornithodira, gave rise to the Dinosauria and to the Pterosauria.
		Interestingly, another line of species derived from the Archosaurs, the Crurotarsi, gave rise to the only other extant group of Archosauromorpha, the Crocodylomorpha.
	website.lineone.net /~zzz3aaa3/archosauromorpha.html (481 words)

	Jose Bonaparte - EvoWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Jose Bonaparte, famed Argentine paleontologist and expert on Dinosauria, whose contributions to the field are difficult to justly summarize.
		Bonaparte was among the first to argue for dinosaur holophyly during the modernist era of dinosaur science, and his work on Lagosuchus largely laid the groundwork for Gauthier's subsequent cladistic analysis in which the clade Ornithodira was delineated.
		Bonaparte did landmark work on the theropods of South America, recovered the great bulk of the fossils from which Walker would describe Enantiornithes in 1981, discovered the marvelous Iberian enantiornithine Iberomesornis romerali, and carried out brilliant research on Pterosauria of South America, prompting something of a renaissance in pterosaur studies.
	www.evowiki.org /index.php/Jose_Bonaparte (116 words)

	Lecture 11 - Triassic: Newark, Chinle
		Archosaurs can be divided into two groups: the Ornithodira and the Crurotarsi, with shared derived conditions of the ankles being the most important characters.
		The Ornithodira are the bird-like archosaurs and they include dinosaurs, pterosaurs and incompletely known forms.
		The Ornithodira have an erect posture and gait (often called fully improved) in which the limbs are held directly under the body and flexed in a plane parallel to the body axis.
	rainbow.ldeo.columbia.edu /courses/v1001/chinlenewark10.html (2832 words)

	Thecodontian/Basal Archosaurian Systematics - changing perspectives
		This hypothesis again divides the Archosauria into two groups on the basis of their ankle structure: the Crurotarsi (all thecodontia apart from the Protosuchia) and the Ornithodira (dinosaurs, birds, lagosuchus and pterosaurs).
		The pseudosuchians are here presented as un unresolved trichotomy with with one group having prestosuchids and aetosaurs, a second with phytosaurs (Parasuchia) and a third, new, group - the Dromaeosuchia - which includes the Ornithosuchidae and the Paracrocodylomorpha (Crocodylomorpha plus Gracilisuchus and Poposaurids).
		The Ornithodira again is made up of pterosaurs, Lagosuchids and Dinosaurs.
	www.kheper.net /evolution/thecodontia/changing_perspectives.html (738 words)

	Brief History of the Dinosaurs - Ornithodira (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		As stated earlier, the Ornithodira gave rise to the Dinosauria and the Pterosauria.
		The Pterosaurs were a group of 'flying reptiles'.
		Despite, at one time, people misinterpreting fibres found on one species, Sordes, as hair (suggesting endothermy), newer fossil evidence showed that these fibres were part of a system that stiffened the outer part of the wing.
	website.lineone.net /~zzz3aaa3/ornithodira.html (229 words)

	Pterosaur
		One of a group of flying reptiles that, while not true dinosaurs, are said to have thrived and become extinct at the same time as the dinosaurs.
		Pterosaurs are classified in a group called the Ornithodira or "bird necks", which in turn is a subgroup of the Archosaurs, or "ruling reptiles," that includes crocodiles, dinosaurs including birds, and "thecodonts." "Pterosaur" comes from two Greek words that together mean "winged lizard." The word "pterodactyl" is also often used.
		It means "wing finger" and it is an apt description; the wing of the pterosaur is supported mainly by an elongated fourth digit along the forward edge.
	www.occultopedia.com /p/pterosaur.htm (622 words)

	Birds of the World
		For instance we can look at features they share in common with animals such as reptiles, and ancient dinosaurs in order to figure out where they may have evolved.
		They can thus, be linked generally to Ornithodira and more specifically to Manirapterans.
		If you look at a cladogram of Diapsids which includes snakes, lizards, crocodiles (archosaurs), and dinosaurs and birds, you can get a better picture as to where birds fit in.
	www.explorebiodiversity.com /BIRDS/BirdsofWorld/OriginandEvolution.htm (815 words)

	Re: Ornithodira, breathing with long necks
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	dml.cmnh.org /2001Apr/msg00299.html (276 words)

	Evolution of Flight
		In the 1980s, Padian and others likened pterosaurs to bipedal birds and argued that the wing membrane only attached to the forelimb with its extended fourth finger.
		This reconstruction favors a cursorial route to powered flight and led to Pterosaurs being classified as a sister group of dinosaurs and seen as highly derived Archosaurs within the Ornithodira.
		Recent reconstructions by Bennett (1996) and Peters (1997), however, for Sordes, which had a hair-like covering, and other Upper Jurassic forms show that the wing membrane was attached to both the fore and hind legs.
	www.geo.brown.edu /geocourses/QE/fr/classtopics/Evolutio/Flight.htm (1294 words)

	28th January 2005 Updates
		A new basal tyrannosauroid [Archosauria: Ornithosuchia: Ornithodira: Dinosauria: Theropoda: Tetanurae: Coelurosauria: †Tyrannosauroidea] added.
		A new basal neoceratopsian dinosaur [Archosauria: Ornithosuchia: Ornithodira: Dinosauria: †Ornithischia: †Marginocephalia: †Ceratopsia: †Neoceratopsia:] and a new alternative phylogeny added.
		A new dsungaripterid pterosaur [Archosauria: Ornithosuchia: Ornithodira: †Pterosauria: †Pterodactyloidea] added.
	www.fmnh.helsinki.fi /users/haaramo/updates/2005-01-28.html (561 words)

	Home
		Ornithodira: Decoupling of fore and hindlimb function for bipedalism or powered flight.
		The Late Triassic (but pre-extinction event) Marasuchus (Lagosuchus of some authors) gives a decent idea of what an unspecialized ornithodiran might have looked like.
		These structures arguably served both aerodynamic and display functions.
	www.geol.umd.edu /~jmerck/honr219d/notes/l23.html (1080 words)

	Dinosaur Origins
		15.6] Archosauria Crocodilia (alligators and crocodiles) Ornithodira Pterosauria
		The two major archosaur clades are distinguished by their ankle structure
		they are the Crurotarsi which includes the crocodilians and the Ornithodira which includes the birds
	users.tamuk.edu /kfjab02/dinos/VPDINOSAURS.htm (1239 words)

	practice midterm
		And 2) It is Permian in age and dinosaurs evolved in the Late Triassic.
		What are the main difference between the Ornithodira, Ornithischia, and Ornithosuchia?
		Why is the saurischian triradiate pelvis not a shared derived character that defines the Saurischia?
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /edu/dees/courses/v1001/pracmid03_ans.html (634 words)

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