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Topic: Orographic lift

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	Orographic lift - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This wave cloud pattern formed off of the Île Amsterdam in the far southern Indian Ocean, due to orographic lift of an airmass by the island, producing alternating bands of condensed and invisible humidity downwind of the island as the moist air moves in vertical waves and the moisture successively condenses and evaporates.
		Orographic lift occurs when an air mass is forced from a low elevation to a higher elevation as it moves over rising terrain.
		A similar class of winds, the Sirocco, the Bora and Santa Ana winds, are examples where orographic lifting has limited effect since there is limited moisture to remove in the Saharan or other air masses; the Sirocco, Bora and Santa Ana are driven primarily by compression heating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orographic_lift (873 words)

	Orography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orographic precipitation, also known as relief precipitation, is precipitation generated by a forced upward movement of air upon encountering a physiographic upland (see anabatic wind).
		Orographic precipitation is well known on oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, where much of the rainfall received on an island is on the windward side, and the leeward side tends to be quite dry, almost desert-like, by comparison.
		Another well known area for Orographic precipitation is the Pennines in the north of England where the west side of the Pennines receives more rain than the east because the clouds are forced up and over the hills and cause the rain to fall.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orographic (412 words)

	* Orographic Lift - (Meteorology): Definition
		Orographic Lifting (Upslope Flow) - Occurs when air is forced to rise and cool due to terrain features such as hills or mountains.
		The lifting of an air current caused by its passage up and over mountains or escarpments.As the air is forced upwards it cools and if moist enough clouds can form and additional cooling results in rain.
		OROGRAPHIC LIFTING Where the flow of air is forced up and over barriers such as highlands or mountains.
	en.mimi.hu /meteorology/orographic_lift.html (334 words)

	Canadian Avalanche Association (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The counterclockwise circulation around the low creates upslope lift in southern Alberta which is intensified by orographic lift in the eastern slopes of the Rockies.
		Orographic Lift takes place when a moving mass of air runs up against a physical barrier such as a mountain range and is forced upwards.
		This is the most powerful lifting mechanism and accounts for the majority of precipitation in Western Canada and the United States.
	www.avalanche.ca /default.aspx?DN=448,437,432,557,3,Documents (332 words)

	AMS Glossary
		Mechanisms that produce the lifting fall into two broad categories: 1) the upward deflection of horizontal larger-scale flow by the orography acting as an obstacle or barrier; or 2) the daytime heating of mountain surfaces to produce anabatic flow along the slopes and updrafts in the vicinity of the peaks.
		The first category includes both direct effects, such as forced lifting and vertically propagating waves, and indirect effects, such as upstream blocking and lee waves.
		Even though this term strictly refers only to lifting by mountains, it is sometimes extended to include effects of hills or long sloping topography.
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/search?id=orographic-lifting1 (140 words)

	Understanding Convection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The types of lift that are common are daytime heating, frontal lift, orographic lift and convergence.
		The air in the warm air mass is lifted as the cold air becomes thicker under it and the lifted air, again less dense, rises.
		Orographic Lift is simple; air is pushed against something big (mountain) and has to go up to get past it.
	ozzzy.dyndns.org /convection.html (556 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Orographic lift
		These locales are on the side of the mountains which are in the path of storm systems, and therefore receive the moisture which is effectively squeezed from the clouds.
		As air flows over mountain barriers, orographic lift can create a variety of wave effects, which produce vertical air motion.
		A chinook arch cloud forms above a mountain range, usually at the beginning of a chinook wind as a resulting of orographic lifting over the range.
	reference.com /browse/wiki/Orographic_lift (794 words)

	Working with Thermiek - Part 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Although type 1 lift is most suited to simple ridge lift, you can use a street of type 1 lift with clouds, set the ideal wind direction for each differently, and by having a steady wind in FS, you will have lift along the cloud street that can easily be varied between nothing and +10kt.
		Areas where lift would be found and the strength of lift within those areas would properly change with the wind settings in FS.
		The beauty of "today's lift" is that the project (.prj) once saved in Thermiek can be used to change, scramble or keep anything in the current setup.
	www.virtualsoaring.org /library/How_to/Thermiek/Thermiek_2.htm (983 words)

	Orographic lift Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Given a difference in temperature and dew point readings on the ground, one can easily find the lifting condensation level by multiplying the difference by 125 m/°C. The varying environmental lapse rates across the earth surface are of critical importance in meteorology.
		Relative humidity is often mentioned in weather forecasts and reports, as it is an indicator of the likelihood of precipitation, dew, or fog.
		It is possible to 'seed' clouds to induce precipitation by releasing a fine dust or appropriate chemical (commonly silver nitrate) into a cloud, encouraging droplets to form, and increasing the probability of precipitation.
	63717.cipka.ogarnij.net /en/orographic+lift (12331 words)

	1.3 Lifting Mechanisms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		While such lifting mechanisms are not strictly required for the occurrence of lake/ocean effect events, they are observed in most instances.
		An additional source of convergence and lift is brought about by the land breeze generated by the thermal gradient between the lake and adjacent land areas.
		The cooler land breeze helps to lift the unstable air over the water, and this lifting can be particularly significant in cases where land breezes from opposite shores converge in the vicinity of the mesolow.
	meted.ucar.edu /norlat/snow/lake_effect/1.3_lifting.htm (521 words)

	Australian Weather Mailing List Archives: Friday, 18 June 1999
		038 Jimmy Deguara [jimmyd at ozemail.com.au] Orographic Trigger 039 Ira Fehlberg [jra at upnaway.com] Grammar...
		He said that there is no such thing as an orographic storm, he said and i quote "thats bullshit" orographic lift is a lifting mechanism that provides lift to form a thunderstorm.
		It was orographic rainfall and the amount of probable upper level instability meant that the uplift was faster that thunder and lightning was observed.
	www.australiasevereweather.com /storm_news/aussiewx/1999/990618.htm (9136 words)

	Orographic lift - TheBestLinks.com - Air, Cloud, Altitude, Elevation, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Orographic lift - TheBestLinks.com - Air, Cloud, Altitude, Elevation,...
		Orographic lift, Air, Cloud, Altitude, Elevation, Relative humidity...
		Orographic lift occurs when moisture-carrying clouds floating over lower-elevation terrain move over rising terrain.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Orographic_lift.html (117 words)

	* Orographic Lifting - (Meteorology): Definition
		This refers to air which undergoes orographic lifting.
		Most often, this is in the context of winds such as the chinook or the föhn, which undergo lifting by mountain ranges before descending and warming on the lee side.
		coastal convergence, synoptic troughs, orographic lifting), the storm complexes may last for several hours.
	en.mimi.hu /meteorology/orographic_lifting.html (236 words)

	Orographic lift information - Search.com
		This wave cloud pattern formed off of the Île Amsterdam in the far southern Indian Ocean, due to orthographic lift of an airmass with alternating bands of high and low humidity over the island.
		Orographic lift is demonstrated in many places in the world, but few examples are as clear as those in the Northwestern United States.
		Orographic lift can create lenticular clouds and wave clouds on the leeward side of mountains.
	www.searchexeced.com /reference/orographic_lift (276 words)

	Orographic lift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This cooler air cannot hold the moisture as well as warm air and this effectively raises the relative humidity to 100%, creating precipitation.
		Orographic Lift is demonstrated in many places in the world, but few examples are as clear as those in the United States.
		In the U.S. state of Washington, places on the sea-facing side of the mountains see over 100 inches (over 2564.1mm) of precipitation per year.
	orographic-lift.iqnaut.net (178 words)

	get orographic rainfall (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Orographic precipitation is well known on oceanic islands, such as the Hawaiian Islands, where much of the rainfall received on an island is on the windward side, and the leeward side tends to be...
		orographic rainfall —As commonly used, same as orographic precipitation.
		The movement of trade and seasonal winds, patterns of orographic rainfall, and rain shadow.
	www.dalnoboyshik.de /orographic_rainfall.html (171 words)

	Blame spotty rain patterns on 2 major weather forces \| www.azstarnet.com ®
		Throughout the year and across the globe, as a storm pushes up against a mountain and rises, both the air pressure and temperature drop.
		Orographic lift was also at play during last week's storm in Arizona.
		It's orographic lift that helps explain why the mountains around Tucson are forested "sky islands" that support firs and ferns.
	www.azstarnet.com /sn/printDS/55350 (483 words)

	Winter Storms and Orographic Clouds
		This orographic cloud produced precipitation primarily through riming of particles sedimenting from aloft, and also to some extent through a Hallett-Mossop ice multiplication process during graupel growth.
		[1994]) also showed the development of a shallow orographic cloud with supercooled liquid water close to the barrier, and in addition showed that gravity waves produced by the complex orography produced enhanced regions of supercooled liquid water and ice crystals.
		[1991] showed through observations and numerical modeling that the low-level decoupled flow created as a result of flow blocking upstream of the Rocky Mountains causes part of the orographic lift of the mountain barrier to be experienced well upstream of the barrier.
	www.agu.org /revgeophys/rasmus00/node20.html (1294 words)

	The Living Edens: Activities for the Classroom - Orographic Lift
		Identify orographic lift through observation of teacher demonstration.
		Record their observations of orographic lift in student science journals.
		Orographic lifting occurs when elevated terrain's, such as mountains, act as barriers to the flow of air.
	www.pbs.org /edens/denali/orograph.htm (440 words)

	[No title]
		It simply means that they are capable of extracting the lift while a sailplane may be roaring through what feels like very light turbulence and miss the benefit of the lift it contains.
		The problem was that the wind was blowing 10-15 knots and with the excellent sink rate of the glider, I wasn't descending at all through the lift formed by the line of trees.
		The lift turns out to be there, essentially all the time, but at micro-rates and micro-altitudes.
	www.isd.net /sadkins/20hourworkweek.htm (4865 words)

	weather terms glossary
		Occluded Mesocyclone - A mesocyclone in which air from the rear-flank downdraft has completely enveloped the circulation at low levels, cutting off the inflow of warm unstable low-level air.
		Orographic - Related to, or caused by, physical geography (such as mountains or sloping terrain).
		Orographic Lift - Lifting of air caused by its passage up and over mountains or other sloping terrain.
	www.pilotfriend.com /av_weather/met/o.htm (428 words)

	Orographic lift (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Orographic lift occurs when moisture-carrying clouds floating over lower- elevation terrain move over rising terrain.
		As the clouds are forced to rise in altitude with the air which is carrying them, they cool.
		Wapipedia > Index > O > Or > Orographic lift
	www.wapipedia.org /wikipedia/mobiletopic.aspx?cur_title=Orographic_lift (99 words)

	Weather History - Mount Rushmore National Memorial
		Orographic lift occurs when elevated terrain, such as mountains, act as barriers to the flow of air.
		As air ascends a mountain slope it cools, cooling often generates clouds and precipitation.
		The relatively warmer air already in the area is lifted by the heavy mass of cold air making it warmer in the Black Hills.
	www.nps.gov /moru/travel_info/weather_hist.htm (327 words)

	::Aero-Experiments::
		Of course, all soaring seabirds also use "slope lift" or orographic lift, generated by the relative motion between wave crests and the atmosphere (i.e.
		A more sophisticated explanation would focus on "lift gradients" or "sink gradients"--like the "wind gradients" discussed above--rather than simply saying that it takes an aircraft a few moments to come into equilibrium with a change in the direction of the external airflow (wind, lift, sink, etc).
		Just as energy can be extracted from a transition from still air to lift, so too can energy be extracted from a transition from sink to still air.
	www.aeroexperiments.org /dynamicsoaring.shtml (1299 words)

	Cloud - find information about Cloud at BigServing.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This happens when the air comes in contact with a cold surface or a surface that is cooling by radiation, or the air is cooled by adiabatic expansion (rising).
		Frontal uplift creates various cloud forms depending on the composition of the front (ana-type or kata-type warm or cold front).
		Orographic uplift also creates variable cloud forms depending on air stability, although cap cloud and wave clouds are specific to orographic clouds.
	www.bigserving.com /cloud.htm (3739 words)

	What caused these clouds? - Talkweather Forums
		My guess is that the cloud deck was formed as a result of orographic lift.
		It wasn't strong enough to cause much lifting at that point on the left cliff, which is to the northeast, but a bit later when the wind had picked up, there was enough movement to the northeast to cause a little bit of the same effect.
		This is a result of orographic lift, and a moisture rich atmosphere.
	www.talkweather.com /forums/index.php?showtopic=33103&st=0&#entry354567 (731 words)

	Figure 1-1.—Orographic lift.
		Mechanical lift is a process by which a physical
		Convective lift is a process that occurs when cool air
		Convective lift is the key factor in cumuliform cloud
	www.tpub.com /content/aerographer/14269/css/14269_16.htm (260 words)

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