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	Orokolo Economy
		Orokolo adults are generalists, commonly producing nearly all of the art, craft objects, tools, and clothing used in their daily lives.
		Orokolo engage in utilitarian barter among themselves and in some rather limited trade for ornamental shells with groups to the east, but historically their most important intertribal exchange is the anthropologically well-known hiri trade with the Motu people of the Central Province.
		Orokolo often say that women's work is in the village and men's work is abroad, although this description is not entirely accurate.
	www.everyculture.com /Oceania/Orokolo-Economy.html (536 words)

	Orokolo Orientation
		The Orokolo live in the Gulf Province of Papua New Guinea, between the mouths of the Vailala River (to the east) and the Aivei River (to the west) at 8° S and 145° E. Their villages are located along the beaches of the 20-milewide Orokolo Bay in the Gulf of Papua.
		Orokolo territory consists of a wide coastal strip, fringed by coconut palms, behind which lie the sago swamps that provide much of the People's food.
		Orokolo is a member of the Eleman Language Family, a group of about five closely related, mutually intelligible Non-Austronesian languages generally placed within the Purari-Eleman Stock.
	www.everyculture.com /Oceania/Orokolo-Orientation.html (263 words)

	Probert Encyclopaedia: Language (O) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Orokaiva is a Binanderean language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
		Orokolo is an Eleman language spoken in Papua New Guinea.
		Oromo is a Cushitic language spoken in Ethiopia, Somalia and in Kenya where the language is called Borana.
	www.probertencyclopaedia.com /WO.HTM (974 words)

	SSHL: Melanesian Studies Resource Center & Melanesian Archive: Papua New Guinea Patrol Reports: Gulf Province
		Areas patrolled: Silo, Koaru, Hawoi, Nabo, Orokolo, Popo, Mirihea, Vailala, Ivori River, Lake Kamu, Tauri River, Vaiviri, Iokea, Motumotu, Muru, Hepere, Kerema.
		Areas patrolled: Tauri River, Bwemeia Creek, Orokolo, Lohiki Creek, Kukukuku, Uru, Vailala, Parari, Iwalia, Hiloi, Muru, Kerema.
		Areas patrolled: Orokolo, Vailala River, Kariava, Keuru, Mei, Tamdei, Kukukuku, Oiapu, Iokea, Motumotu, Moviavi, Karama, Uamai, Silo, Opao, Kariava, Belepa, Arihava, Kerema.
	sshl.ucsd.edu /melanesia/gulf (7480 words)

	UCSD Libraries: Gulf Province
		Areas patrolled: Silo, Koaru, Hawoi, Nabo, Orokolo, Popo, Mirihea, Vailala, Ivori River, Lake Kamu, Tauri River, Vaiviri, Iokea, Motumotu, Muru, Hepere, Kerema.
		Areas patrolled: Orokolo, Vailala River, Kariava, Keuru, Mei, Tamdei, Kukukuku, Oiapu, Iokea, Motumotu, Moviavi, Karama, Uamai, Silo, Opao, Kariava, Belepa, Arihava, Kerema.
		Areas patrolled: Lilifiru, Orokolo, Vaiviri, Arehava, Opao, Silo, Kerema.
	www.ucsd.edu /portal/site/Libraries/menuitem.346352c02aac0c82b9ba4310d34b01ca/?vgnextoid=e1d86857b0494110VgnVCM10000045b410acRCRD (7531 words)

	Orokolo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Note: This page may contain IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode.
		Orokolo is a Trans-New Guinea language spoken in Papua New Guinea by about 13,000 people (1977).
		This page was last modified 23:43, 23 October 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orokolo (52 words)

	Vailala Madness
		The most famous early cargo movement was dubbed the 'Vailala madness' (of 1917), and this name was often used for comparable movements before the alliterative epithet 'cargo cult' was popularized (by Lucy Mair).
		Diary materials reveal that the Vailala movement began among the Elema (Papua Gulf) with gifts of money to the London Missionary Society at Orokolo station.
		The suggestion of enering into reciprocity with outsiders, combining spiritual and material goals, is strong.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/westoc/vaila.html (227 words)

	Elema Trance Mediumship in PNG
		His father was saying that he had come to warn all the Orokolo boys that three or four sorcerers were indeed hiding close to the generator house as was suspected, in order that they might observe the dormitories.
		The expatriate members of staff considered these sounds to have had normal explanations, for example, a wild bull which was on the rampage, coconuts falling on timber, and loose roofing iron flapping in the wind.
		However, strong pressure within the Orokolo group to conform meant that if one or two of the younger boys thought they saw or heard something ominous, the others all agreed that they had perceived it too.
	www.alastairmcintosh.com /articles/1983_huhaharula.htm (3071 words)

	[No title]
		Even though the Christians were a tiny minority in Orokolo then, the elders decided not to rebuild the house.
		The people of Orokolo had turned away from their traditional ways and tried to face the new world that was encroaching on them.
		Among the variety of practices that have survived the social upheavals of Orokolo is the use of a magic object called a marupai.
	www.mispelit.com /ecourse/marupai.html (1151 words)

	Weekender page
		They were the sacred houses which were home to sacred objects such as the hohao boards in the West, hevehe masks in the Orokolo areas and eharo masks in the Eastern seaboard.
		Early ethnography of theses long houses was provided by the Colonial Government anthropologist, F E Williams who documented the culture of Western Elema of the Orokolo area in the early 1900s.
		William's account of these long houses were that they were the largest structures in the village, measuring at least one 120 feet in length and the front reaching up to heights of at least 50 feet.
	www.thenational.com.pg /062707/w1.htm (1184 words)

	An annotated bibliography of Gulf Province folklore
		Port Moresby: Institute of Papua New Guinea Studies, 68 pp., illustrated.
		This book presents three myths of the Orokolo (Elema) People: “Oa-Laea", “Marai and Eare", and “Meavea Kivovia", in Orokol and English.
		Williams, F. The Drama of Orokolo: The Social and Ceremonial Life of the Elema.
	thslone.tripod.com /PNGFB-Gulf.html (1162 words)

	James Chalmers of New Guinea
		We got to Orokolo in January 1892, and now my desire has enlarged, and I hope yet to carry the gospel to the Fly River, and to the westward.
		The plan I have always adopted is to visit frequently, get thoroughly known by living with the people, and, through interpreters, tell them the story of divine love, and so prepare the way for teachers living with them.
		This was the extreme limit of his district, and he immediately returned along the coast until he arrived at his head-quarters at Motumotu.
	www.electricscotland.com /History/other/james_chalmers_22.htm (2085 words)

	Orokolo (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Orokolo is a Trans-New Guinea language spoken in Papua New Guinea by about 13 000 people (1977).
		A comparative dictionary of Orokolo, Gulf of Papua (Pacific linguistics)
		Orokolo genesis: An account of the origin of the world and of the people of Niugini as told in Hiri Motu; (Niugini folklore series, v.
	www.freeglossary.com /Orokolo (74 words)

	Australian Journal of Anthropology, The: Michael W. Young and Julia Clark. An Anthropologist in Papua: The Photography ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Implicit and occasionally explicit in their pages are Williams' delight in what he witnessed of 'traditional life' and his dismay at the rapid disappearance of many practices and artefacts, particularly under the impact of missionisation.
		Williams witnessed sections of this extended spectacle (combining male initiation and communal ritual engagement with forest and sea spirits) in different villages over a period of more than a dozen years, and his descriptive monograph Drama of Orokolo is his greatest work.
		By the time it was published the Hevehe had been abandoned and the eravo--the gigantic men's houses providing the architectural background for most of the mass activities--destroyed under the onslaught of mission Christianity.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2472/is_1_15/ai_114741393 (1113 words)

	Bark belt - Defining Gender - Object 1911.61.9 Pitt Rivers Museum
		This large bark belt (kava), carved and painted with bold designs and colours, is over 100 years old.
		It was worn by Elema warriors of Orokolo Bay in Papua New Guinea.
		It is a functional in terms of protecting the vital organs but it is more of a ceremonial piece of armour, presented to Elema male adolescents to mark their entry into adult warriorhood.
	webprojects.prm.ox.ac.uk /arms-and-armour/o/Defining-Gender/1911.61.9 (329 words)

	Viewpoint
		In 1942, Australian and New Guinea Administrative Unit (ANGAU) officers went to Harevavo village near Orokolo Bay, east of Kerema, in the Gulf of Papua.
		The Orokolo Bay men had never been into the mountains and were not happy about going.
		Luckily for Michael and Eoe, they were not caught because they were at the rear of their group.
	www.postcourier.com.pg /20041001/weekend07 (654 words)

	Papua New Guinea
		He became the first Prime Minister in 1975, and was elected to serve the third term (with interruptions) as Prime Minister in 2002.
		Head-dresses and masks from the Bainings (East New Britain), the Orokolo (Gulf Province), the Huli (Southern Highlands Province), the Tubuan (East New Britain Province), and West Sepik and Malagan (New Ireland Province) at right.
		The main feature on reverse is a potrait of Sir Michael Somare, surrounded by designs of headdresses and masks from the: Bainings (East New Britain), the Orokolo (Gulf Province), the Huli (Southern Highlands Province), the Tubuan (East New Britain Province), and West Sepik and Malagan (New Ireland Province).
	www.polymernotes.org /country_pages/png.htm (1313 words)

	trace elements: nets (Site not responding. Last check: )
		And finally I have time to get round to writing two papers I’ve been thinking about, playing with different ideas about history and what they’re used to do.
		One is based on a place near Orokolo in PNG; this is a shot of women fishing there with keve.
		When schools come through, women run past the shore with their nets and scoop out the fish.
	tracelements.blogspot.com /2005/06/nets.html (348 words)

	An annotated bibliography of Gulf Province folklore
		This book presents three myths of the Orokolo (Elema) People: “Oa-Laea", “Marai and Eare", and “Meavea Kivovia", in Orokol and English.
		This article presents an origin legend of the Keuru and Orokolo Peoples.
		Williams, F. The Drama of Orokolo: The Social and Ceremonial Life of the Elema.
	members.tripod.com /~THSlone/PNGFB-Gulf.html (1212 words)

	Papuan Gulf Masks (Art-Pacific.com: New Guinea tribal art and Indonesian folk art)
		They appeared during the Hevehe ceremony in Orokolo Bay.
		The conical masks were topped with totemic figures like hornbills which were often humorous.
		In Orokolo Bay they are sea spirits (ma-hevehe).
	www.art-pacific.com /artifacts/nuguinea/papuan/gulfmask.htm (1400 words)

	Dancing with death
		Living and Dying, a new exhibition at the British Museum, draws on the museum's outstanding ethnography collections to show how people everywhere make exuberant and constantly developing responses to shared challenges.
		The figure on this carved and painted board depicts a forest spirit known to the Elema people, who live on the long coast of Orokolo Bay in southern Papua New Guinea.
		The figure is dressed to dance, wearing a pearl shell crescent on his breast and a bark belt.
	www.hero.ac.uk /uk/culture___sport/archives/2004/dancing_with_death5771.cfm (753 words)

	Online Study Guide
		Central to the culture of the Elema people of Orokolo Bay in the Papuan Gulf was Hevehe, an elaborate cycle of ceremonial activities. Conceptualized as the mythical visitation of the water spirits (ma-hevehe).
		The Hevehe cycle involved the production and presentation of large, ornate masks (also called hevehe). The Elema held ceremonies to initiate male youths into higher ranks.
		Because of the isolation imposed by their island existence the Trobriand Islanders had to undertake potentially dangerous voyages to participate in kula (anexchange of white conus-shell arm ornaments for red chama-shell necklaces) trading. The Trobrianders lavish a great deal of effort on decorating their large canoes.
	www.wadsworth.com /art_d/templates/student_resources/0155050907_kleiner/studyguide/ch31/ch31_2.html (654 words)

	Coaxing the Spirits to Dance - Art - Review - New York Times
		Their central designs, passed down from fathers to sons and through marriages, typically represent a bush or river spirit, with a heavily stylized face and perhaps a small body, surrounded by various totemic symbols.
		A striking example in this exhibition is a long, almost surfboard shape (collected in 1912) from the Orokolo people of the Western Elema area.
		Painted in natural pigments of red, white and fl, it has a face with typically elongated eyes and a frozen grimace, baring teeth.
	www.nytimes.com /2006/10/27/arts/design/27papu.html?ex=1319601600&en=8932772f75ab18c2&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss (1232 words)

	Oceania: Rethinking western Motu descent groups (Site not responding. Last check: )
		A number of people from the Gulf Province live in Pari village and have intermarried with Motu-Koitabu villagers.
		Among them is a group descended from some families who migrated from Orokolo Bay in the 1920s and entered Pari village as clients of Kahanamona Idaro iduhu.
		Unlike the other Gulf migrants this group has maintained a group identity to the extent that it is identified as an iduhu, with the name Gaeva Gamu (combining the names of two proximate sites in Orokolo Bay), in the village.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3654/is_200106/ai_n8954567/pg_8 (1377 words)

	Photos Gulf Province, PNG, 1977-79
		Most pictures are in groups of about three to limit file loading times.
		Moveave and Orokolo boys swimming on Kerema beach.
		Catholic Church Kerema, where St Peter's Extention School was first situated viewed from school canoe.
	www.alastairmcintosh.com /images/png.htm (1210 words)

	Luis De Torres, Explorer to the Pacific Region
		After unsuccessfully searching for the wreckage of Quiros' ship, during which time they discovered that they were on an island not a continent, they first sailed SW to 21°S before being forced to the Northwest, reaching the Louisiades and Basilaki Island.
		Unable to proceed further north, Torres coasted southern New Guinea (called Magna Margarita), naming San Juan Batista (Yule Island), entering Orokolo Bay, passing Malandanza (Umuda Island), Isla de Perros (Bristow Island) and sighting Long Reef off Cape York (called Volcan Quernado).
		He then unknowingly negotiated the Torres Strait (named after him in 1769 by the Scotsman Alexander Dalrymple, who first saw the Manila documents), afterwards coasting New Guinea and doubling Cape San Pablo (= Cape Valsch).
	www.pacificislandtravel.com /culture_gallery/explorers/detorres.asp (385 words)

	ChalmersJB
		Tour by boat along the Papua Gulf (setting out Oct. 5), Hall Sound (6), Iokea (8), to Delena; on foot to Orokolo (13), leaving by boat (27) to Iokea (29); return to Port Moresby (Nov. 1).-1884.
		Along the coast of the Gulf of Papua (June); from Port Moresby to Toaripi, mouth of the Wai Lala (Annie River), Orokolo, and by land to the mouth of the Alélé (Aréré), the Urika, the Kaimari, back to Kariki and downstream to Port Bloomfield; the Ai Wai.
		From Port Moresby (Jan. 5) to the islands in Torres Strait; mouth of the Fly, Orokolo (Febr.
	www.nationaalherbarium.nl /fmcollectors/C/ChalmersJB.htm (1019 words)

	Find in a Library: Drama of Orokolo; the social and ceremonial life of the Elema
		Find in a Library: Drama of Orokolo; the social and ceremonial life of the Elema
		Drama of Orokolo; the social and ceremonial life of the Elema
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/e64f20020490eccf.html (66 words)

	Second Skin (bark) :: Gallery :: Pacific :: Melanesia
		It is likely to have been made for thousands of years.
		The best known use of barkcloth in New Guinea is in the masks of the Elema groups of Orokolo Bay in the Gulf of Papua.
		The most common are the eraho mask types.
	www.molli.org.uk /bark/gallery_pacific_melanesia.asp (394 words)

	lockartifact
		I should have kept it and sold it to the New York Met,
		The mask was a traditional mask associated with Hevehe dance cycle in the Orokolo area of the Gulf Province of Papua.
		These dance cycles ran for yearsand at the end, the masks were destroyed and the cycle started again.
	www.geocities.com /ecourserabaul/lockartifact.html (160 words)

	Naming Australia - Torres
		After unsuccessfully searching for the possible wreckage of Quirós' ship, during which time they discovered that they were on an island not a continent, they first sailed SW before being forced to the Northwest, reaching the Louisiades and Basilaki Island.
		Unable to proceed further north, Torres coasted south to New Guinea (called Magna Margarita), naming San Juan Batista (Yule Island), entering Orokolo Bay, passing Malandanza (Umuda Island), Isla de Perros (Bristow Island) and sighting Long Reef off Cape York (called Volcan Quernado).
		He then crossed the Torres Strait, between 1-9 October 1606, afterwards coasting to New Guinea and doubling Cape San Pablo (Cape Valsch).
	www.namingaustralia.org.au /torres.htm (272 words)

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