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Topic: Oromo language

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	Oromo language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Oromo language, also known as Afaan Oromo or Oromifaa, is an Afro-Asiatic language, and the most widely spoken of the Cushitic sub-phylum.
		Oromo uses a modified Latin alphabet called Qubee, which was formally adopted in 1991.
		With the adoption of Qubee, it is believed more texts were written in the Oromo language between 1991 and 1997 than in the previous 100 years.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oromo_language (152 words)

	Oromo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Oromo developed as a distinct political and ethnic group some time in the 16th century in what is now southern Ethiopia and northern Kenya, after having migrated from present-day Somalia.
		Oromo society was traditionally structured in accordance with gadaa, a social stratification system partially based on an eight-year cycle of age sets, but over the centuries the age sets grew out-of-alignment with the actual ages of their members, and some time in the 1800s another age set system was instituted.
		However, these Oromo groups do not all pursue similar agendas: the ONC, for example, was part of the United Ethiopian Democratic Forces coalition that challenged the EPRDF in the Ethiopian general elections of 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oromo (617 words)

	Oromo language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Galla Vicariate Apostolic embracing the territory of the Galla or Oromo tribes in Abyssinia.
		Language Problems and Language Planning International multi-lingual journal that publishes articles primarily on political, sociological, and economic aspects of language and language use.
		Colon-Language-Center Language Center in Hamburg, Germany, is a large institute which offers language classes in German as a foreign language as well as classes in 18 other languages plus language travels in 20 different countries.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Oromo_language.html (441 words)

	World congress on language policies
		Oromos speak the six different Oromo languages that are quite close one another.
		Language policy changed in Ethiopia radically in the year1991 when first the Oromo Liberation Front OLF declared free Oromia and the transitional government declared all languages official in Ethiopia in their largely ethnicly limited regions.
		Oromo language planning that had been carried outside Ethiopia and as an underground intellectual work inside the country, bursted out rapidly with great enthusiasm in Oromia, which had become the largest region of Ethiopia, uniting 12 of the old 14 provinces.
	www.linguapax.org /congres/taller/taller2/Laisi.html (1918 words)

	EthnoMed: Voices of the Oromo Community
		For a time the Oromo language was banned and the government tried to establish the Amhara culture as the culture of all Ethiopia.
		Oromo refugees began arriving in the United States in the early 1980s, with the largest numbers settling in Seattle between 1989 and 1993.
		Oromo women in Seattle have several concerns with childbirth: they are uncomfortable with male doctors and medical students and with the American high-tech approach to anesthesia, fetal monitoring and augmenting delivery.
	www.ethnomed.org /ethnomed/voices/oromo.html (1591 words)

	The Oromo People and Oromia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In fact, Oromo is one of the most numerous nations in Africa which enjoys a homogeneous culture and shares a common language, history and descent and once shared common political, religious and legal institutions.
		The fact that the Somali and Oromo languages share between 30 percent and 40 percent of their vocabulary could be an indication that these two groups of people became differentiated very recently.
		Oromo have a very rich culture, fostered by the size of the population and large land areas with diverse climatic conditions.
	www.oromo.org /osg/oromo.htm (9009 words)

	EthnoMed: Oromo Cultural Profile
		Today, Oromo children living under the current regime are still not allowed to study in the Oromo language, despite promises made by the "New Ethiopian Democracy" of the early 1990's.
		Oromo women in Seattle have several concerns with childbirth: they are uncomfortable with male doctors and medical students, as well as with the standard American high-tech approach to anesthesia, fetal monitoring, and augmenting delivery.
		Oromo Christians are less restricted in their abilities to worship as they see fit because the dominant religion in America is Christianity.
	ethnomed.org /ethnomed/cultures/oromo/oromo_cp.html (4304 words)

	welcome to gada online summary of oromo peoples history and culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Originally,Oromiya the land of oromo is located between 2-12 degree N and 34-44 degree E. It is bordered by Somalia in the SE, Afar in the NE, Djibouti in the E, Sudan in the W, Kenya in the S, Amhara and Tigray (Abyssinia) in the north.
		Oromo society has organizing principles for its known and unknown universe like any society; Ayaana is a major organizing principle of oromo cosmology through which the concepts of time and creation are ordered.
		Well as they are against oromo true identity and they are part of the colonizers who buried our identity for over a century and proud of their 3000 years history that is all what is expected from them.
	angelfire.com /dragon2/gadaoromiya/oromo_peoples_history_and_cultur.htm (3306 words)

	Afaan Oromo
		Afaan Oromo, a highly developed spoken language, is at the top of the list [2] of the distinct and separate 1000 or so languages used in Africa, the most polyglot of the continents.
		Of the Kushitic languages spoken in the Ethiopian Empire State, Afaan Oromo, Somali, Sidama, Hadiya, and Afar-Saho are the languages with the greatest number of speakers.
		Fri the point of view of a linguist who wish to explicate the sounds of a language, one of the major drawbacks of syllabaric writing is that its characters do not represent the vowels and the consonants of a language separately notwithstanding the two are distinct categories.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /African_Studies/Hornet/Afaan_Oromo_19777.html (1916 words)

	Oromo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The fundamental objective of the Oromo liberation movement is to exercise the Oromo peoples' inalienable right to national self-determination to terminate a century of oppression and exploitation, and to form, where possible, a political union with other nations on the basis of equality, respect for mutual interests and the principle of voluntary associations.
		Thirdly, the changes in the mode of living of several Oromo communities, as a result of the interaction of all these factors, were probably one of the important causes that led to the decline of the Gada system.
		The Oromo resisted Ethiopian colonial expansion and domination both militarily and culturally in localized and scattered ways during the second half of the 19th century and the first half of the 20th century.
	www.unpo.org /member.php?arg=61 (2375 words)

	Oromo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Oromo people live in Ethiopia where the population is sixty million and the Oromo people comprise the largest ethnic group of approximately thirty million.
		The long dictatorship of Haile Selassie of the Amhara ethnic group tormented the Oromo people harshly by banning the Oromo language and establishing Amhara culture as the culture of all Ethiopia.
		The Oromo language was banned under the Mengistu's communist government and the Oromo people were forced to speak Amharic in schools or in the public sphere for decades.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/oldworld/africa/oromoculture.html (300 words)

	Afaan Oromo language, alphabet and pronunciation
		Afaan Oromo is a Cushitic language spoken by about 32 million people in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia and Egypt and is the 3rd largest language in Africa.
		The Oromo people are the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia and account for more than 40% of the population.
		Until the 1970s, Afaan Oromo was written with either the Ethiopic script or the Latin alphabet Then during the early 1970s, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) chose the Latin alphabet as the official alphabet to write Afaan Oromo.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/oromo.htm (256 words)

	Oromo Liberation Front
		The fundamental political objective of the Oromo people is to exercise their inalienable right to national self determination to liberate themselves from a century of oppression and exploitation, and to form, where possible, a political union with other nations on the basis of equality, respect for mutual interests and the principle of voluntary associations.
		The main purpose of this summary is to introduce readers briefly to the Oromo people, their land, and culture.For detailed treatment of the experiences of Oromo under Ethiopian colonial rule as well as their struggle for freedom, democracy and economic and social justice, please refer to the book from which this summary is extracted.
		For example it is believed that the Oromo are responsible for the invention and use of phallic stones (Wainwright, 1949 and Greenfield, 1965).
	www.oromoliberationfront.org /OromiaBriefs.htm (9477 words)

	Jimma University Students Petition Oromia Regional Government to Respect and Defend Oromo Rights
		We are glad to know that the Oromo Language programmes at Jimma and Hara Maya Universities have been raised from the diploma to the degree level.
		It is obvious that Oromo artists play a central role in the development of Oromo culture, history and language. However, in recent years the fate of Oromo artists has been facing death, imprisonment, exile and generally lacking personal security.
		For example, such groups as the "Galla Gadayi" (Oromo Killers) are proliferating in the Western Wallagga towns of Gimbii, Najjo, and Mandii; in the Western Shawa town of Geedo; and in the Western Harargee town of Ciro as well as in Finfinne.
	www.oromia.org /News/JimmaUniversityStudentsPetition.htm (2077 words)

	Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Oromo language is the third largest language of Africa in the number of native speakers.
		Afaan Oromo is a language of very beautiful poetry, proverbs of wisdom, and justice.
		Even though the Oromos are spread over large areas and were prevented from using their language in education, mass media, and public services, the language is still a relatively uniform language with which Oromos from all parts of Ethiopia, and outside Ethiopia, can communicate with relative ease.
	www.voiceoforomiyaa.com /language.htm (197 words)

	Introduction
		Oromos are best known for their egalitarian social system, gada and their military organization that enabled them to emerge as one of the strongest ethnonations in the Horn of Africa between the 12th and 19th centuries.
		With the development of the Oromo national movement, Oromo intellectuals, linguists, political and cultural groups have strongly advocated the use of Roman alphabet with necessary modifications The Latin script was adopted for this language in the early l970s.
		The Oromo religious institution is called the qallu; the qallu is the center of the Oromo religious view.
	www.gumii.org /oromo/intro.html (2897 words)

	African Languages - Krio, Pidgin, Lingala, Oromo (ASC)(MSU)
		Krio is an official language of Sierra Leone and has wide usage as a second language.
		Oromo belongs to the Lowland East Cushitic family (Oromo subgroup) and is spoken in the southern half of Ethiopia as well as mostly in Eastern Province, Kenya.
		Oromo is a significant regional first language and is spoken by the largest ethnic group in Ethiopia.
	www.isp.msu.edu /AfrLang/language5.htm (531 words)

	Oromo Nationalist III
		It was during those days that the Oromo started to regard him as the storehouse of knowledge, the fountain of poetry and the living encyclopedia of Oromo wisdom.
		His religious poems were written in Arabic and his political poems were produced in the Oromo language, Ethiopian government authorities did not examine their contents and therefore did not pay attention to his activities.
		It was after this ideological shift that he became a revolutionary scholar-teacher, whose call for developing the Oromo language and Oromo cultural renaissance, played on the nerve strings of the Oromo youth in Hararghe.
	www.oromiannationalacademy.com /oro_nationalist_3.htm (2354 words)

	OROMO AMERICAN CITIZENS COUNCIL (OACC)
		Oromo American Citizens Council is a non-profit and non-political organization.
		The purpose of OACC is to educate and motivate Oromo American and others in order to encourage them to participate in the social and political process locally and nationally so as to promote racial and economic justice towards all people but with a special emphasis on East Africa and the people of Ethiopia.
		The Oromo American Citizens Council (OACC) works with all Oromos and Oromo organizations to form alliance and forge unity of purpose among different organizations to work together on a common agenda and motivate them and their individual members to come together to address their issues to American policy makers with one voice.
	www.oromoamerican.org (362 words)

	About ONA
		Despite the fact that Afaan Oromo (Oromo language) is the most widely spoken language in the Horn of Africa region and the third most widely spoken language in Africa, until recently it was not normally used as a written language.
		For any watchful eyes, the current Oromo generation, and in fact any interested party, must be fortunate enough to witness this remarkable milestone in Oromo language development.
		The main focus of this organization is to educate the Oromo public about its culture and language, and specifically to support research on Oromo language and literature and reform it.
	www.oromiannationalacademy.com /aboutona.htm (393 words)

	Oromo Language
		Oromo language is one of the Cushitic languages (such as Somali, Afar, Sidama, Geedo, and ancient Egyptian), the language of the ancient Cush that was spoken all over East Africa.
		Today, Afaan Oromo is spoken in most parts of Ethiopia, some parts in Kenya and is arguably the second largest language in Africa.
		Afaan Oromo is a phonetic language, which means that it is spoken in the way it is written.
	www.ethnomed.org /ethnomed/cultures/oromo/alphabet.html (384 words)

	Oromo Nationalist I
		The second is to bring the attention of the readers of The Journal of Oromo Studies to his contribution to the development of the Oromo language, culture and political consciousness.
		In 1887 all of eastern Oromo fell under Menelik’s colonial administration (By 1887 all Oromo, except the Borana, were already colonial subjects).
		Also in 1899, Onesimos and his Oromo language team - men and women freed from slavery living in the diaspora and assisted in their work by Swedish missionaries-translated and published several other works.
	www.oromiannationalacademy.com /oro_nationalist_1.htm (1579 words)

	Oromo Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Oromo people were prohibited from using their own native language in their own schools and offices for a century.
		Since currently the Oromo language is being used in schools and offices, the barrier among the different dialects is being narrowed.
		The Oromos are being happy to reunite by speaking the same language and the same dialect.
	www.fellowship.robisonweb.net /Oromifa.htm (730 words)

	Oromo language - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		A concise vocabulary of Orma Oromo (Kenya): Orma-English, English-Orma (Cushitic language studies)
		Modern Afaan Oromo Grammar: Qaanqee Galma Afaan Oromo
		The Waata dialect of Oromo: Grammatical sketch and vocabulary (Language and dialect atlas of Kenya)
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /oromo_language.htm (119 words)

	Oromo Translation - Translate Oromo Language Translator
		The Oromo, Amhara, and Tigreans make up more than three-fourths of the population, but there are more than 80 different ethnic groups within Ethiopia.
		English is the most widely spoken foreign language and is taught in all secondary schools.
		Amharic was the language of primary school instruction but has been replaced in many areas by local languages such as Oromifa and Tigrinya.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/oromo.shtml (448 words)

	LANGUAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Afaan Oromoo is the third widely spread language next to Arabic and Hausa in Africa; and it is the second most widely spoken indigenous language in Africa south of Sahara.
		Until recently Oromos were denied the right to develop their language, literature and alphabet.
		With the development of the Oromo national movement, Oromo intellectuals adopted the Latin script for this language in the early 1970s.
	www.voiceoforomiyaa.com /language1.htm (151 words)

	Oromo Language Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Find oromo language - Your relevant result is a click away!
		The Oromo language also known as "Afaan Oromo" is an Afro-Asiatic language, and the most widely spoken of the Cushitic sub-phylum.
		Oromo has no native alphabet, and when written the Ge'ez abugida is most often used.
	www.greatartworks.com /encyclopedia/Oromo_language (286 words)

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