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Topic: Oropharynx

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	Surgical Approaches to the Oropharynx (Jan.1999)
		The oropharynx connects the nasopharynx and oral cavity to the hypopharynx.
		The oropharynx opens into the oral cavity anteriorly and is bounded by the circumvallate papillae, anterior tonsillar pillars, and the junction of the hard and soft palates.
		The retropharyngeal space is an area of loose connective tissue that lies between the buccopharyngeal fascia of the pharynx and the alar layer of the prevertebral fascia.
	www.utmb.edu /otoref/Grnds/orophar-9901/orophar-9901.html (3455 words)

	Tumors of Upper Aerodigestive Tract: Oropharynx -- American Head and Neck Society
		Palpation of the base of the tongue and direct evaluation of the extent of the disease, especially the lower extent of the disease in the pharyngeal wall and to rule out involvement of the hypopharynx.
		Adequate surgical approaches and exposure of early tumors of the oropharynx may be difficult requiring mandibulotomy, pharyngotomy or occasionally, if the tumor is adherent to the mandible, composite resection with segmental mandibulectomy.
		Consequently, the incidence of metastases to both sides of the neck is high in tumors of the oropharynx.
	www.headandneckcancer.org /clinicalresources/docs/oropharynx.php (1808 words)

	Anatomy of the Head Wound
		According to medical dictionaries and anatomical charts, the upper limit of the oropharynx is defined by the level of the soft palate ("The oropharynx reaches from the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis," says one medical dictionary).
		The oropharynx is the space bounded anteriorly and superiorly by the uvula/soft palate and "is level with the second cervical vertebra body and upper part of the third," according to another medical reference work.
		Unless these differences in medical terminology are semantically insignificant, the autopsy doctor's placement of the entrance wound in the posterior oropharynx is significant because it is not consistent with the reported location of the exit wound, unless the bullet was deflected after it made its entrance in the posterior oropharynx.
	hometown.aol.com /AllanF8702/artlet/foster/anatomy.htm (4543 words)

	Do I have a tumor of the oropharynx? American Head and Neck Society -- Patient Education
		This region begins where mucous membrane arches up from the tongue to form the soft palate and includes all of the soft palate, the tonsil region, and the back of the tongue where it goes out of view, extending down towards the voice box.
		Cancers in the oropharynx most commonly begin in the tonsil, soft palate or tonsil –; like tissue of the tongue base.
		Early signs and symptoms of oropharynx tumors include development of asymmetrical tonsils, pain such as a persistent sore throat, particularly pain that shoots to one ear, difficulty or pain with swallowing, a muffled sound to the voice, or a lump in the neck.
	www.headandneckcancer.org /patienteducation/docs/oropharynx.php (347 words)

	Oral Cancer Health Guide - University of Maryland Medicine
		Oral cancer is cancer found in the oral cavity (the mouth area) and the oropharynx (the throat area at the back of the mouth).
		When patients newly diagnosed with oral and oropharynx cancers are carefully examined, about 15 percent will have another cancer in nearby areas such as the larynx (voice box), esophagus (the part of the digestive system between the throat and stomach), or lung.
		For this reason, it is very important for patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer to have follow-up examinations for the rest of their lives and avoid risk factors, such as smoking and drinking, which increase the risk for these second cancers.
	www.umm.edu /oralhealth/cancer.htm (2342 words)

	UCCC - Cancer Information
		Cancer of the oropharynx is a disease in which cancer cells are found in the tissues of the oropharynx.
		Cancer surrounds the main artery in the neck or has spread to bones in the jaw or skull, to muscle in the side of the jaw, or to the upper part of the throat behind the nose; the cancer may have spread to nearby lymph nodes.
		Treatment of cancer of the oropharynx depends on where the cancer is in the oropharynx; the stage of the disease; the effect of treatment on the patient's ability to talk, eat, and breathe normally; and the patient’s age and overall health.
	www.uccc.info /CancerCenter/content/CancerInfo/Details.asp?Id=CDR0000062718&Type=Summary (2213 words)

	Mouth Cancer in the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx
		Pharynx: The pharynx is the hollow tube connecting the oral cavity and the nasal cavities to the larynx and the esophagus.
		The pharynx is divided into the upper nasopharynx, the middle oropharynx, and the lower hypopharynx.
		Oropharynx: The oropharynx is the portion of the pharynx connected to the oral cavity.
	www.mouth-cancer-symptoms.com (414 words)

	Stanford Cancer Center - Cancer of the Oropharynx \| Cancer Types \| Stanford Cancer Center (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The oropharynx can be generally thought of as the middle part of the throat, and includes the base of the tongue, tonsils LINK, and soft palate LINK.
		The oropharynx plays an important role in speech and swallowing, therefore Stanford Cancer Center experts in speech and swallowing therapists are integrated into therapy early on to help patients rapidly regain function and adapt to anatomical changes that may occur with treatment.
		Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the primary causes of cancers of the oropharynx.
	cancer.stanfordhospital.com /cancerTypes/headAndNeck/pharynx/oropharynx (354 words)

	Discovery Health :: Diseases & Conditions :: oral cancer
		Oral cancer is a group of abnormal cells that involves the mouth or the oropharynx.
		The oropharynx is the part of the throat at the back of the mouth.
		The tumor may also involve the floor or roof of the mouth, the tonsils, or the oropharynx.
	health.discovery.com /encyclopedias/illnesses.html?article=2559&page=1 (476 words)

	CT of the oropharynx, tongue base, and floor of the mouth: normal anatomy and range of variations, and applications in ...
		CT of the oropharynx, tongue base, and floor of the mouth: normal anatomy and range of variations, and applications in staging carcinoma -- Muraki et al.
		CT of the oropharynx, tongue base, and floor of the mouth: normal anatomy and range of variations, and applications in staging carcinoma
		structures of the oropharynx and the floor of the mouth.
	radiology.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/abstract/148/3/725 (255 words)

	ACS :: What is oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer?
		The oral cavity includes the lips, the inside lining of the lips and cheeks (buccal mucosa), the teeth, the gums, the front two-thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth below the tongue, the bony roof of the mouth (hard palate), and the area behind the wisdom teeth (retromolar trigone).
		Because cancers from this area are different from those of the oral cavity and oropharynx, they are discussed in a separate document.
		Invasive squamous cell cancer means that the cancer cells have spread beyond this layer into deeper layers of the oral cavity or oropharynx.
	www.cancer.org /docroot/cri/content/cri_2_4_1x_what_is_oral_cavity_and_oropharyngeal_cancer_60.asp?sitearea=cri (1020 words)

	"Human Papillomavirus Tied to Oral Cancer" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		Human papillomavirus, a virus associated with cervical cancer, appears to be involved in cancer of the mouth and oropharynx (the part of the throat that includes the lower part of the tongue and the tonsils), according to a recent study.
		The researchers found HPV DNA in nearly 4 percent of cancers of the mouth and in 18 percent of cancers of the oropharynx.
		A significantly increased risk of mouth and oropharynx cancers was associated with the presence of antibodies against HPV 16 L1, E6 or E7.
	www.hivdent.org /oralm/oralmHPTO012004.htm (245 words)

	Latest Tongue Base and Tonsil Cancer Treatments
		The base of tongue and tonsil are very close to each other in the back of the throat, and are behind the last molar in the mouth.
		This is important since disease starting in front of the tonsils are considered "oral" disease, while those arising in back of the teeth are "oropharynx" problems.
		It is critical to get prompt diagnosis and proper treatment for an "oropharynx" cancer problem, this can literally make the difference between life and death.
	www.telcom.net /securecancergroup/em28.html (1344 words)

	Information about Expert Head and Neck Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment at Continuum Cancer Centers of New York
		The oropharynx is an area in the back of the throat that consists of the soft palate, the tonsil, and the base of tongue.
		Because the oropharynx has a rich lymphatic network, the incidence of lymphatic spread of tumor to the neck is quite high.
		Most early stage lesions of the oropharynx are treated primarily with radiation therapy.
	www.bethisraelny.org /services/headneck/oropharynx.asp (1112 words)

	Oncology Interactive™ Education Series: Understanding Cancer of the Oropharynx
		Featuring a clinical level with a detailed examination of patterns of spread and discussions of the principles of oncology, it introduces health care professionals to the central issues in the treatment of the disease.
		Easy-to-understand interactive diagrams explain cancer, and the anatomy and physiology of the oropharynx.
		It describes the symptoms of the cancer, the methods used to detect it (e.g., physical examination, laryngoscopy, panendoscopy, biopsy, x-ray, barium swallow, CT scan, MRI scan) and the various factors that influence prognosis.
	www.oncologyinteractive.com /site/clinicians/clin_title_oro.html (682 words)

	Oropharyngeal cancer
		The oropharynx includes the soft palate (the back of the mouth), the base of the tongue, and the tonsils.
		A doctor should be seen if a person has a sore throat that does not go away, trouble swallowing, a lump in the back of the mouth or throat, a change in the voice, or pain in the ear.
		The cancer is no more than 2 centimeters (about 1 inch) and has not spread to lymph nodes in the area (lymph nodes are small bean-shaped structures that are found throughout the body; they produce and store infection-fighting cells).
	www.meds.com /pdq/oropharyngeal_pat.html (2046 words)

	Observations on the antibiotic treatment of experimentally induced mycoplasmal infections in mice -- Taylor-Robinson ...
		from the oropharynx of eight of nine BALB/c mice with oxytetracycline.
		vagina or oropharynx of immunocompetent BALB/c mice with oxytetracycline,
		and the organisms were recovered from the oropharynx of all
	jac.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/45/6/903 (1710 words)

	MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: Oropharynx lesion biopsy
		An oropharynx lesion biopsy is surgery in which tissue from an abnormal growth or mouth sore is removed and checked for problems.
		Cancer of the oropharynx (such as squamous cell carcinoma)
		Oral lichen planus is another condition under which the test may be performed.
	www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003850.htm (441 words)

	Ear, Nose & Throat Journal: Chondrolipoma of the oropharynx
		We describe the startling case of a man who was able to extend and retract a smooth round mass in and out of his oropharynx at will.
		On examination under anesthesia, the mass was found to be attached to the posterior tonsillar pillar by a stalk.
		However, the patient demonstrated that he was able to plunge a smooth round mass in and out of his oropharynx at will.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0BUM/is_3_80/ai_76559010 (769 words)

	Technical Program Paper Detail - AIChE
		The 2 models included (1) an oropharynx model with the flattened tongue (the pressed tongue model) and (2) an oropharynx model with expanded cheeks (the puffed cheeks model).
		The trapping of particles on the wall surfaces was monitored, and the locations of trapping as well as the location of the injections were recorded.
		The results show that there are significant improvements (fewer particles are deposited in the oropharynx) in the particle depositions in both pressed tongue and puffed cheeks models in comparison to the regular oropharynx model.
	www.aiche.org /conferences/techprogram/paperdetail.asp?PaperID=1406&DSN=Annual03 (341 words)

	National Cancer Institute - Oropharyngeal Cancer Treatment
		The oropharynx is the middle part of the throat (also called the pharynx).
		Air and food pass through the pharynx on the way to the windpipe (trachea) or the esophagus.
		The oropharynx includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate (the back of the mouth), and the walls of the pharynx.
	www.cancer.gov /cancer_information/doc_pdq.aspx?version=patient&viewid=dd0717dc-731c-4e76-af9b-583f1948578d (333 words)

	Statements of Principles - malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx - reasonable hypothesis
		2. (a) This Statement of Principles is about malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx and death from malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx.
		(g) having human papilloma virus infection of the mucosa of the oral cavity, oropharynx or hypopharynx at the time of the clinical onset of malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, oropharynx or hypopharynx; or
		6. Paragraph 5(j) applies only to material contribution to, or aggravation of, malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx where the person's malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, oropharynx and hypopharynx was suffered or contracted before or during (but not arising out of) the person's relevant service.
	www.dva.gov.au /pensions/statemnt/b034rh.htm (816 words)

	Regional Effects of Selective Pharyngeal Muscle Activation on Airway Shape -- Kuna 169 (9): 1063 -- American Journal of ...
		Similar effects of pressure on airway diameter were present in the rostral and caudal oropharynx.
		airway area in the caudal oropharynx and velopharynx (14).
		Schematic of the effect of nerve stimulation on anteroposterior and lateral dimension in the rostral oropharynx, caudal oropharynx, and velopharynx.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/169/9/1063 (4087 words)

	Head and Neck Cancer - Oropharynx Cancer - oncologychannel
		Cancer of the oropharynx is expected to occur in approximately 4,000 individuals per year.
		It is seen in men five to eight times more often than in women, and typically develops during the 50th to 70th year.
		Specific tumor stages for the oropharynx region are as follows:
	www.oncologychannel.com /headneck/oropharynx.shtml (494 words)

	Effects of Pharyngeal Muscle Activation on Airway Pressure-Area Relationships -- Kuna and Brennick 166 (7): 972 -- ...
		Across the pressure range, CSA in the rostral oropharynx was greater than that in the velopharynx or caudal oropharynx.
		branch of the vagus decreased CSA in the caudal oropharynx and
		oropharynx, and similar results were obtained with medial HG stimulation in the rostral oropharynx.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/166/7/972 (4256 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-20)
		The cancer is 2 centimeters (about ¾ inch) or smaller and has not spread outside the oropharynx.
		Stage II The cancer is larger than 2 centimeters, but not larger than 4 centimeters (about 1½ inches), and has not spread outside the oropharynx.
		The cancer is larger than 4 centimeters and has not spread outside the oropharynx.
	www.acor.org /cnet/62718.content (2356 words)

	Contralateral neck recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and oropharynx
		Contralateral neck recurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity and oropharynx
		Contralateral neck failure after therapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx has rarely been studied in detail.
		Aggressive and comprehensive adjuvant radiotherapy to the neck plus close surveillance in the first 2 years postoperatively might curtail the frequency and mortality due to contralateral neck failure.
	www.oralcancerfoundation.org /news/story.asp?newsId=328 (260 words)

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