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Topic: Oroqen

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	Oroqen Ethnic Minority - China Style
		The Oroqen ethnic group, with a population of about 6,900 is the third smallest of the 55 ethnic groups in China.
		People who lodge in an Oroqen home would often hear the housewife say to the husband early in the morning: "I'm going to hunt some breakfast for our guests and you go to fetch water." When the guests have washed, the woman with gun slung over her shoulders would return with a roe back.
		Oroqens do not work out their hunting plans in advance, because they believe that the shoulder blades of wild beasts have the power to see through a plan when one is made.
	library.thinkquest.org /05aug/01780/chinese-ethnic-group/oroqen.htm (0 words)

	Tchatting.com Forums
		The Oroqen are represented in the People's Congress by their own delegate and they are a recognized ethnic minority.
		The Oroqen language, is a Tungusic language Their language is very similar to the Evenki language and is believed that speakers of these two languages can understand 70% of the other language.
		The ancestor of the Oroqens originally lived in the vast area south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains and north of Heilongjiang.
	www.tchatting.com /forum/vbencyclopedia.php?title=Oroqin (818 words)

	Oroqen - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Oroqen are represented in the People's Congress by their own delegate and they are a recognized ethnic minority.
		The Oroqen language, is a Tungusic language Their language is very similar to the Evenki language and is believed that speakers of these two languages can understand 70% of the other language.
		The ancestor of the Oroqens originally lived in the vast area south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains and north of Heilongjiang.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Oroqen (776 words)

	CCTV International
		Oroqen, meaning "people living on the mountain" or "people using reindeer", is a name they call themselves.
		The ancestor of the Oroqens originally lived in the vast areas south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains and north of present Heilongjiang Province.
		Oroqen women, who also hunt, show marvelous skill in embroidering patterns of deer, bears and horses on pelts and cloth that go into the making of head gears, gloves, boots and garments.
	www.cctv.com /english/special/C16472/20060922/101124.shtml (413 words)

	China Ethnic Minority: Oroqen People (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Oroqen ethnic group, with a population of about 6,900 is the third smallest of the 55 ethnic groups in China.
		The Oroqen ethnic group is one of the ancient ethnic groups in north China.
		Oroqen, means "people living on the mountain" or "people using reindeer", it is a name they gave themselves.
	www.muztagh.com /china-information/nationality/oroqen.htm (979 words)

	Oroqen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Oroqen are represented in the People's Congress by their own delegate and they are a recognized ethnic minority.
		The Oroqen language, is a Tungusic language Their language is very similar to the Evenki language and is believed that speakers of these two languages can understand 70% of the other language.
		The ancestor of the Oroqens originally lived in the vast area south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains and north of Heilongjiang.
	en.wikipedia.christams-ornament.com /wiki/Oroqen (1603 words)

	Oroqen Ethnic Minority
		The Oroqen ethnic minority, with a population of about 6,965 (as of 1990) is the third smallest of the 55 ethnic minorities in China.
		The ancestor of the Oroqens originally lived in the vast areas south of the Outer Xing'an Mountains and north of present Heilongjiang Province.
		Oroqen women, who also hunt, show marvelous skill in embroidering patterns of deer, bears and horses on pelts and cloth that go into the making of head gears, gloves, boots and garments.
	www.chinaculture.org /gb/en_aboutchina/2003-09/24/content_24034.htm (0 words)

	The Oroqen ethnic minority
		People of the Oroqen ethnic minority group dwell in the forests of the Greater and Lesser Hinggan Mountains in Northeast China which abound in deer and other wild beasts the Oroqens hunt with shot-guns and dogs.
		People who lodge in an Oroqen home would often hear the housewife say to the husband early in the morning: "I'm going to hunt some breakfast for our guests and you go to fetch water." When the guests have washed, the woman with gun slung over her shoulders would return with a roe back.
		Oroqens do not work out their hunting plans in advance, because they believe that the shoulder blades of wild beasts have the power to see through a plan when one is made.
	www.toptrip.cc /destination/minority/oroqen.htm (1445 words)

	Ethnic art facing life or death
		Around 200 artists, scholars and officials from home and abroad participated in the workshop, exchanging views and experiences on the protection of endangered cultural heritage, such as ethnic and folk dances, music and their instruments, folk fine arts and traditional handicrafts like cloth weaving and dying, embroidery and paper cutting.
		As a member of the Oroqen minority with a small population of around 8,000 people, Liu said her ethnic group is good at singing and dancing.
		However, when she was on a survey trip to a Oroqen dominated village in Northeast China's Heilongjiang Province, she founded that few people under 50-year-old can sing their folk songs.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /en/doc/2003-12/10/content_289139.htm (0 words)

	DEVELOPMENT GATEWAY_ The Oroqen Ethnic Minority
		People who lodge in an Oroqen home would often hear the housewife say to the husband early in the morning: "I'm going to hunt some breakfast for our guests and you go to fetch water." When the guests have washed, the woman with gun slung over her shoulders would return with a roe back.
		Oroqen women, who also hunt, show marvelous skill in embroidering patterns of deer, bears and horses on pelts and cloth that go into the making of head gears, gloves, boots and garments.
		Oroqens do not work out their hunting plans in advance, because they believe that the shoulder blades of wild beasts have the power to see through a plan when one is made.
	www.chinagate.com.cn /english/1176.htm (1963 words)

	Oroqen - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Oroqen ethnic group is one of the oldest ethnic groups in northeast China.
		In the 17th century, following the invasions by Russia, some Oroqens moved to the area near the Greater and Lesser Xing'an Mountains.
		It served for the preparation of containers of all types, from the manufacture of children cradles to boats.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oroqen (638 words)

	Oroqen \| China (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Oroqen are originating in the area located at the north of the Heilong river and the south of the mounts Hinggan outsides.
		The girls oroqen learn from their mother, as of the age of 13-14 years, to brush the fur, to make dry the meat and to make the gathering of the wild fruits.
		Oroqen do not prepare in advance their plan of hunting, because they believe that the scapulas of the wild beasts have the capacity to detect a plan, lorque somebody has one of them.
	www.chine-informations.com /mods/dossiers/index.php?lg=en&action=fiche&id=807 (1477 words)

	Ethnic Groups - china.org.cn
		People of the Oroqen ethnic minority group dwell in the forests of the Greater and Lesser Hinggan Mountains in Northeast China which abound in deer and other wild beasts the Oroqens hunt with shot-guns and dogs.
		The Oroqens, who lived in a primitive communal society four and a half decades ago, have leap-frogged several historical stages to a socialist society in the years following the founding of the People's Republic in 1949.
		Oroqen youths were press-ganged into "forest detachments" officered by Japanese.
	www.china.org.cn /e-groups/shaoshu/shao-2-oroqen.htm (0 words)

	The Oroqen ethnic minority
		With no written script of their own, the Oroqens have a spoken language belonging to the Tungus branch of the Manchu-Tungusic group of the Altaic language family.
		The Oroqen population, which stood at 4,000 in 1917, dropped to 3,700 in 1943.
		For instance, they never call the tiger by its actual name but just "long tail," and the bear "granddad." Bears killed are generally honored with a series of ceremonies; their bones are wrapped in straw placed high on trees and offerings are made for the ouls of dead bears.
	www.fmprc.gov.cn /eng/ljzg/3584/t17908.htm (0 words)

	Oroqen People, Chinese Ethnic Minorities, China Nationalities
		The Oroqen ethnic minority lives primarily in mountainous areas of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Regions and Heilongjiang Province, an area known for its abundant wild animal resources.
		The current population of the Oroqen ethnic minority is 8,196.
		The Oroqen's staple food is meat from a variety of animals in the area e.g.
	www.travelchinaguide.com /intro/nationality/oroqen (0 words)

	China Source
		The Oroqens were forest dwellers--their name means "people of the mountain." Most inhabit the Oroqen Autonomous Banner in the Greater and Lesser Hinggan Mountains of Northeast China; others live in Heilongjiang Province.
		Oroqen dance and sing and have a repertoire of folk songs praising nature, love, hunting and the struggles of life.
		Oroqen practice shamanism and worship certain animals, particularly the bear and tiger.
	www.chsource.org /Oroqen.htm (313 words)

	Learn Chinese - Chinese Culture Base Article
		The Oroquen ethnic group, with a population of 6,965, mainly live in the Oroqen Autonomous Banner of Hulunbuir League in the Greater and Lesser Xing'an Mountains of Inner Mongolia.
		The Oroqens have their own language which belongs to the Tungus branch of the Manchu Tungusic group of the Altaic language family.
		Oroqen, means “people living on the mountain” or “people using reindeer”, it is a name they gave themselves.
	learn_chinese.ckungfu.com /base_of_culture/Oroqen.htm (180 words)

	新浪教育_新浪网 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		After the Qing fell and warlords reigned, Oroqen hunters who did not escape back into the forests were forced to settle down and farm.
		Subsequent repression and the onslaught of epidemic diseases decimated the Oroqen population.
		The name "Oroqen" was given to this ethnic group after the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949.
	edu.sina.com.cn /en/2005-03-22/32068.html (943 words)

	About China
		Oroqen nationality has a population of over 8 thousand, who live in concentrated community in Big and Small Xing’anling area bordering upon Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Heilongjiang Province, and there is an Oroqen autonomous banner in Hulunbeir of Inner Mongolia.
		Almost all men of Oroqen nationality are excellent horse riders and arrow shooters, who enjoy a great deal of knowledge about the temperament of various wild animals and their life habits as well as rich experience of hunting.
		Oroqen people enjoy a good reputation of their craftsmanship and they can make elegant handicrafts out of bark of birches, such as clothes, shoes, box, kitbag, barrel, trunk and even exquisite boat made of birch bark.
	english.cri.cn /1702/2005-2-4/125@203867.htm (725 words)

	Joshua Project - Printable Profiles
		In the 1950s the Oroqen were granted status as an official minority group in China.
		After a death occurs, the Oroqen wrap the corpse in birch bark and hang it at the top of a tree to decompose naturally.
		The Oroqen worship certain animals, especially the bear and the tiger, which they believe are blood relatives.
	www.joshuaproject.net /print.php?rog3=CH&rop3=114271 (354 words)

	Oroqen - Wissen im Web (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Gemeinde Shibazhan der Oroqen 十八站鄂伦春族乡, 2.325 km², 4.697 Einwohner, davon 522 Oroqen; gehört zum Kreis Tahe 塔河县.
		Alle Gruppen der Oroqen haben traditionell enge Kontakte (Handel, Heirat) mit den eigentlichen Ewenken Chinas und den Daur (Dahur, Daguren), einem mongolischen Volk, das während der Qing-Dynastie von den Mandschu kulturell erheblich beeinflusst wurde.
		Da die Oroqen in China als eigenständige Nationalität anerkannt sind, wird ihre Sprache aus politischen Erwägungen grundsätzlich nicht als "Dialekt" bezeichnet (ähnlich: Xibe und Mandschurisch).
	www.wissen-im-web.de /wiki/Oroqen (1073 words)

	english-artical3
		I believe this to be directly related to the fact that the group's researchers gathered a fair amount of data during their seven consecutive years of studying the Oroqen (1956-1963),.
		The greatest change we discovered in the early 1960s was that the Oroqen's tribal and ethnic organization had disintegrated, and that knowledge of this organization only remained among a few of the older people.
		When I returned to the area in the 1980s, local Oroqen cadres called the film their "ancestral film." 40 years on, all the old people in the film and some of the young have already left this world.
	www.tieff.sinica.edu.tw /ch/2003/part3/english-artical3.htm (1519 words)

	TWPL Volumes 14.1 - 14.2
		Oroqen is an endangered language of the Manchu-Tungus group spoken in China with 2,240 speakers in 1987.
		RTR harmony in Oroqen is similar to that found in the related Tungus languages (Ard 1981; Van der Hulst and Smith 1988) and provides support for Ard's proposal that the original harmony patters in Proto-Tungus was based on the position of the tongue root.
		The complexities of RH in Oroqen are worthy of further attention, both within the language itself and comparatively.
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~twpl/volume14.htm (1923 words)

	Tungusic Research Group: About the Languages: Section 1
		Since Arman is now extinct, its controversial status is unlikely to change; However, a good case can be made for the remaining three that they are sufficiently distinct to require independent labels.
		One of the pioneers on Tungusic research, V. Cincius, for instance, considered Evenki, Solon, Negidal, and Oroqen to be dialects (along with a fifth "North Evenki dialect"), and she considered Nanai, Orok, Ulcha, and Kile to be dialects of one language.
		Nevertheless, her use of "dialect" was probably meant in the same way that we will use the term "language", as suggestive of the point where mutual intelligibility breaks down between Tungusic varieties.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~trg/languages/section1.html (421 words)

	orochon
		Their language is still unwritten, however the majority of the Oroqen are capable of reading and writing Chinese and some can also speak the Daur language.The Oroqen ethnic group is one of the oldest ethnic groups in northeast China.
		Their name Oroqen, means "people using reindeer", it is a name they gave themselves.
		With respect to the reindeer herding Evenki, Oroqen and Nanai, which all shared the use of birch bark, it can be said that these cultures are part of a "birch bark" culture.Until the early 1950s the main religion of the nomadic Oroqen was shamanism.
	webraindor.info /wiki/orochon (600 words)

	Tiny ethnic group turns to adopting one-child policy
		The Oroqen people, the third smallest of the 55 ethnic groups in China with a population of around 6,000, are now starting to adopt the state family policy of "one-couple-one-child".
		Oroqen people used to rely on hunting but in recent years many former hunters have turned to farming or other businesses, which has resulted in changes in their views about life.
		Last year, some Oroqen couples began applying for the "One-Child Certificates" voluntarily, though the government says it is not obligatory for such small minority groups like the Oroqen to adopt the "One-Child" policy.
	www.chinadaily.net /en/doc/2001-05/08/content_54991.htm (192 words)

	Peoples in northeast China and Inner Mongol_Virtual Science Museum of China
		The Oroqen nationality is one of the minorities in China.
		The population is 6965 and is mainly distributed in the northeast of Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region such as Oroqen Autonomous Banner, Zhalantun, Molidawa Banner and Arong Banner, and in the Heilongjiang province such as Tahe county, Huma county, Xunke county, Jiayin county and Heihe city.
		The Oroqen people hunted in the immense forest for roes and wild deer in all the four seasons for generations, by a gun, a horse and a gundog.
	www.kepu.ac.cn /english/nationalityne/oro/200312050026.html (480 words)

	Oroqen
		Unter dem Begriff "Oroqen" (sprich: Orotscheen) werden in China verschiedene nordtungusische Gruppen zusammengefasst, die alle ewenkischen Ursprungs sind, aber von der chinesischen Regierung als eine eigenständige Nationalität anerkannt wurden.
		Gemeinde Baiyinna der Oroqen 白銀納鄂倫春族鄉, 420 km², 2.018 Einwohner, davon 242 Oroqen; gehört zum Kreis Huma 呼瑪縣.
		Da die Oroqen in China als eigenständige Nationalität anerkannt sind, wird ihre Sprache aus politischen Erwägungen grundsätzlich nicht als "Dialekt" bezeichnet (ähnlich: Xibenisch und Manjurisch).
	www.w-w-w.de /Oroqen.html (1296 words)

	Cultural Survival
		The Oroqens have left no enduring mark on world history, and perhaps for this reason they are little known outside their tiny sphere of influence in northeastern China.
		Given the demographics of Oroqen speakers and the fact that Oroqen is not being transmitted to children, it is clear that the language will cease to be spoken in twenty to fifty years barring extraordinary measures by members of the community.
		In the name of modernization, the Oroqen were compelled to denounce their traditional hunter-gathering activities in favor of communal living with other minorities and the Han majority.
	www.cs.org /publications/csq/csq-article.cfm?id=1289 (1659 words)

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