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Topic: Orthodox Church of Finland

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	Orthodox Church of Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Christianity was brought to Finland in the twelfth century by Russian monks.
		In 1919 Finland gained independence from Russia, enabling the Finnish church to separate itself from the authority of the Russian Orthodox Church.
		In 1923 the Finnish church placed itself under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Constantinople.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/christ/east/ocfin.html (95 words)

	Orthodox Eastern Church. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Orthodox acceptance of the seven councils resulted in the exclusion from their communion, on grounds of heresy, of the Nestorian, Jacobite, Coptic, and Armenian churches; it also involves holding a sacramental doctrine of grace ex opere operato (see grace) and of veneration of the Virgin Mary, two points differentiating the Orthodox from Protestants.
		The number of Orthodox churches recognizing one another as such is indefinite because of the fluid state of the relations of Orthodox bishops in countries to which communicants have emigrated.
		The Orthodox churches of Finland and of Poland, founded after World War I, lost most of their members when the eastern sections of the countries were repossessed by the Soviet Union in World War II.
	www.bartleby.com /65/or/Orthodox.html (1768 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Orthodox population came under the jurisdiction of the Diocese of St. Petersburg, and cooperation between the Holy Synod of the Church of Russia and the Finnish parishes was coordinated by the religious administration in Viipuri.
		The Orthodox population of Finland followed carefully the pressures for reform in society and in the church that were emerging in Russia towards the end of the 19th century, and it was in the spirit of such reforms that the Fellowship of St. Sergius and St. Herman was founded in Sortavala (Serdobol) in 1885.
		This new arrangement released the Orthodox Church of Finland from its dependence on the anti-religious government of Soviet Russia, and left Archbishop Herman of Viipuri and All Finland, who was elected to this office in 1925, to steer his church in the direction of a national institution.
	www.finemb-moscow.fi /englantisivut/um68e4.htm (3461 words)

	Finland - Orthodox Church of Finland
		The state paid it the church tax it had collected from its parishioners, and the Orthodox Church kept parishioners' official demographic records.
		After Finland became independent, the Orthodox Church of Finland broke with the Russian Orthodox Church, and after 1923, it belonged to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, the leader of which was its nominal head.
		The highest official of the Finnish church was the archbishop of the diocese of Karelia, with its seat at Kuopio.
	countrystudies.us /finland/51.htm (362 words)

	Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is the Lutheran national church of Finland (The Finnish Orthodox Church is also recognized as a national church).
		The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland is a successor to the Church of Sweden of which it was a part until 1809, when the Grand Duchy of Finland became a part of the Russian Empire.
		Because the church has the position as a state church it is able to collect membership fees in the form of taxes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Church_of_Finland (374 words)

	Eastern Orthodox Church, Orthodox Catholic, Greek Orthodox (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Orthodox church recognizes as authoritative the decisions of the seven ecumenical councils that met between 325 and 787 and defined the basic doctrines on the Trinity and the Incarnation.
		The Orthodox Church is one of the three major branches of Christianity, which stands in historical continuity with the communities created by the apostles of Jesus in the region of the eastern Mediterranean, and which spread by missionary activity throughout Eastern Europe.
		The Orthodox Tradition is the theological tradition, generally associated with the national churches of the eastern Mediterranean and eastern Europe and principally with the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, whose distinguishing characteristic consists in preservation of the integrity of the doctrines taught by the fathers of the seven ecumenical councils of the fourth through eighth centuries.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txc/orthodox.htm (6012 words)

	Finnish Orthodox Church - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Finnish Orthodox Church is the second official national church of Finland, beside the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland.
		Eastern Orthodox Christianity was introduced to Finland during Russian rule in the 19th century.
		Shortly after Finland declared independence from Russia in 1917, the Finnish Orthodox Church declared its autonomy from the Russian Orthodox Church.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finnish_Orthodox_Church (427 words)

	Finnish Orthodox Church — Virtual Finland
		Tikhon, Patriarch of Moscow, confirmed the autonomy of the Orthodox Church of Finland in 1921.
		The main church of the New Valamo monastery was consecrated in 1977.
		The church is sacred to the memory of the Glorification of Christ.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/ortodeng.html (1937 words)

	Orthodox Diakonia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The purpose of the conference was to explore the history, theology and present reality of Orthodox cooperation in the area of social justice and outreach, to share experience and methodologies, and to foster new forms of collaboration and exchange among Orthodox social initiatives and organizations worldwide.
		The social task of the Church is to be the "voice of the voiceless" and to create and nurture communities of life, peace and reconciliation, regenerating "social capital" and resisting dehumanization and injustice, Fr.
		During a panel discussion, the social experience of the Orthodox churches in diverse contexts, from East Africa, the United States, the Middle East and Armenia, was shared and analyzed.
	www.iocc.org /orthodoxdiakonia/index.php4?id=p7 (1159 words)

	The Orthodox Church Museum of Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The field of study of the Orthodox Church Museum is one of a kind in Finland and in the whole of Scandinavia.
		The Orthodox Church Museum acquires, conserves, researches, communicates and exhibits, for purposes of study, education and enjoyment, material evidence and cultural heritage of the history of the Finnish Orthodox Church.
		The museum is supervised by the administration of the Orthodox Church in Finland.
	www.ort.fi /kirkkomuseo/okm_GBR/museo.htm (215 words)

	The Church in Finland today — Virtual Finland
		Church spires rise at key points in towns and villages in Finland, which is a sign that the country has long-standing Christian traditions like the rest of Europe.
		Finland is one of the most homogenous nations in Europe in the context of religion: Some 84 per cent of the population belong to the Evangelical Lutheran Church and about two per cent belong to other Christian churches or communities.
		The ceremonies of the Church are still greatly valued; a majority of Finns are still baptized, married and committed to their eternal rest by the church.
	virtual.finland.fi /netcomm/news/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=36549 (1507 words)

	- Orthodoxy in the World
		The Orthodox Church of Finland, an autonomous Church (self-governing, except that the primate is confirmed by the Patriarch of the Mother Church, in this case Constantinople) was originally the fruit of the Monks of Valaam Monastery on Lake Ladoga, who spread Orthodoxy among the Finnish Karelian tribes in the 14th Century.
		Until 1917, the Finnish Church was part of the Russian Orthodox Church, but with the independence of Finland in 1917 and the unsettled situation in Russia after the Revolution, since 1923 it has been under the spiritual care of Constantinople.
		For a time, the Turkish system, whereby the primate of the Church was also the political leader of the Greek population, was continued after the liberation of the country in 1878, which explains the role played by the late Archbishop Makarios, who ruled Cyprus as President, as well as being the primate of her Church.
	www.stots.edu /article.php?id=56 (1811 words)

	Church of Finland - OrthodoxWiki (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Church of Finland is an autonomous Orthodox church whose primate is confirmed by the Church of Constantinople.
		Orthodox Christianity was introduced to Finland during Russian rule in the 19th century.
		Shortly after Finland declared independence from Russia in 1917, the Finnish Orthodox Church declared its autonomy from the Church of Russia.
	www.orthodoxwiki.org /Church_of_Finland (451 words)

	Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Orthodox Church of Finland is one of the country’s two official state religions and enjoys prerogatives akin to those given the dominant Evangelical Lutheran Church.
		Built in 1977, the church is modeled after churches in the Pskov region of northern Russia.
		They also visited the Church of Saint John the Theologian and the Enlighteners of Karelia and the Orthodox Church Museum, where they were given a comprehensive tour by Veli Matti Sormunen.
	www.orthodoxnews.netfirms.com /151/Finland.htm (1342 words)

	The Orthodox Church in Finland
		The Finnish Orthodox Church is subordinate to the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople as an autonomous church.
		The Church is primarily financed out of the 'church tax' collected [from state-church members] with the other national taxes and paid to the Church by the State on a monthly basis.
		The Orthodox Church Museum in Kuopio, eastern Finland, was established in 1957.
	www.uta.fi /~as72342/ortinst.html (1831 words)

	Saint Luke Orthodox Church - Ministries - Community
		As regards the Russian Church, she was initially subject to the Church of Constantinople not because of Canon 28 of the Fourth Ecumenical Council, but because of the general principle according to which converted peoples are subject to the Mother Church that had Christianised them, until they have acquired the conditions necessary for autocephaly.
		We must remember that in the official documents of the Church of Constantinople concerning the status of the Russian parishes in Western Europe it is accepted that their Mother Church is the Russian Orthodox Church, and that the system of administration established for these parishes has a provisional character.
		Thus the Church of Constantinople, in these official documents, has recognised unambiguously the right of the Archdiocese of Russian Parishes in Western Europe to reunite itself with the Mother Church -- the Russian Orthodox Church -- without this being the manifestation of 'an extremely secularised and erroneous spiritual state' or of 'an erroneous ethnic understanding'.
	www.stlukeorthodox.com /html/currentissues/diaspora.cfm (3128 words)

	The Calendar of the Orthodox Church
		The Churches of Serbia, Romania, Greece, and Cyprus were; the Churches of Alexandria, Antioch and Jerusalem, although invited, were not; the Church of Bulgaria was not invited.
		These were the Churches of Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, Greece, Cyprus, Romania, Poland, and most recently, Bulgaria (1968); on the other hand, the Churches of Jerusalem, Russia and Serbia, along with the monasteries on Mt. Athos, all continue to adhere to the Old Calendar.
		The Orthodox Church continues to base its calculations for the date of Easter on the Julian Calendar, which was in use at the time of the First Ecumenical Synod.
	www.goarch.org /en/ourfaith/articles/article7070.asp (1806 words)

	Russian Orthodox Church of Three Saints in Garfield, NJ
		Orthodoxy in Italy Orthodox Church of Finland in Finnish and in English
		The Orthodox Theological Faculty of Safarik University, Slovakia
		Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Naos Anastaseos) in Jerusalem
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Rhodes/5168/links.html (700 words)

	Ministry: Church affairs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In addition, the members of these Churches pay an income-based church tax, which is collected in connection with the municipal tax.
		The principle of freedom of religion means that everyone may publicly and privately practise any religion of their choice, provided that it is not against law or the accepted codes of conduct.
		The status of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland (c.
	www.minedu.fi /minedu/ministry/church_affairs.html (458 words)

	Autocephalous Churches (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Finnish Orthodox Church: A description of Orthodoxy in Finland written by Archbishop of John of Karelia for the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
		Metropolitanate of Moldavia and Bucovina, Romanian Orthodox Church
		The Orthodox Church: A brief historical overview of the Church in Poland with emphasis on the Polish Lemko region.
	www.fhc.org /holycrossmonastery/upload/en/national_churches.html (885 words)

	Embassy of Finland, Washington, Consulates General of Finland, New york and Los Angeles - About Finland, General ...
		The role of the church in Finnish life is reflected more in annual traditions, such as Christmas and Easter, and also during important family milestones including baptisms, confirmations, marriages, and funerals.
		Although this is a vast majority of the population, other denominations/beliefs are represented, such as: The Orthodox Church of Finland (1.1 percent of population), and Baptists, Methodists, Jews, and Islams (1 percent of the population combined).
		Parishes in Finland obtain most of their income from church tax levies, along with state and local taxation paid mostly by individual parishioners.
	www.finland.org /doc/en/about/general/religion.asp (257 words)

	SCOBA NEWS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Gathering at Valamo Lay Academy in Finland from April 30-May 5, the conference participants agreed to work toward the formation of a new association of Orthodox diakonia (social service) and to develop a global network to strengthen Orthodoxy’s answer to poverty and injustice.
		IOCC, the humanitarian aid agency of Orthodox Christians in the United States, was co-organizer of the conference, along with the World Council of Churches/Diakonia & Solidarity Team, and Ortaid, the humanitarian arm of the Orthodox Church of Finland.
		The purpose of the conference was to explore the history, theology and present reality of Orthodox cooperation in the area of social justice and outreach, to share experiences and methodologies, and to foster new forms of Orthodox collaboration and exchange.
	www.scoba.us /news/newsdetail.asp?id=27 (550 words)

	Finland - RELIGION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Despite this wealth of religions, the country's religious life was dominated by one of its two state churches, the Lutheran Church of Finland, which had nearly 90 percent of the population as members.
		The other state church, the Orthodox Church of Finland, had a membership of about 1 percent of the population.
		The remaining churches or religions had 2 percent of the people in their congregations.
	countrystudies.us /finland/46.htm (144 words)

	Adherents.com
		The next largest religious group is the Orthodox Church of Finland, with less than 2% of the population.
		Members of the Orthodox Church make up a small portion of the population, but the church has seen a modest growth among young people in recent years.
		"Orthodox Judaism: Particularly practised in the Middle East, it insists that the practices outlined in the Torah and elaborated in the Talmud, the main body of Jewish law, are sacrosanct.
	www.adherents.com /Na/Na_493.html (2852 words)

	Orthodox Youth Association in English
		ONL has been and still is a remarkable part of the work of the Orthodox Church of Finland.
		This growth is a sign of hope and recovering for the Orthodox Church of Finland, a small but energetic Church among the Vineyard of the Lord.
		Being such a small minority as we Orthodox are here in Finland it is important to have such a big gathering at least once a year.
	www.tuohustuli.net /onl/english.html (1106 words)

	HTC Estonian News: Orthodox Church Officials Visit Estonia
		Bishop Ambrosius of the Orthodox Church of Finland and Rev Heikki Huttunen, a representative of the ecumenical patriarchate of Constantinople, visited Estonia to deliver a message from Constantinople church leaders.
		Another Orthodox church existing in Estonia is the Moscow-based Russian Orthodox Church which is not officially registered in Estonia.
		President Meri stressed that in Estonia, the church is separated from the state and the problems related to the governance of the Estonian Apostolic Orthodox Church and church property must be solved within the church.
	www.holy-trinity.org /estonia/1.14.96.govnews.html (733 words)

	NEWS AND EVENTS
		The conference, "Orthodox Diakonia: The Social Witness and Service of the Orthodox Church," will be held April 30-May 5 at Valamo Lay Academy in eastern Finland.
		Among the expected participants are His Eminence Archbishop Leo of the Orthodox Church of Finland, as well as representatives of Orthodox social service organizations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia and North America.
		Conference topics include: Orthodox social theology; social and political engagement, wealth and poverty in the Bible and the Church Fathers; Orthodox approaches to contemporary social, political and human rights issues; contemporary Orthodox practices in the area of humanitarian and social work; and an Orthodox approach to social management, stewardship and accountability.
	www.goarch.org /en/news/NewsDetail.asp?id=1112 (418 words)

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