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Topic: Orthodox Judaism

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	Orthodox Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orthodox Judaism is the stream of Judaism which adheres to a relatively strict interpretation and application of the laws and ethics first canonized in the Talmud ("The Oral Law") and later codified in the Shulkhan Arukh ("Code of Jewish Law").
		Orthodox Judaism is composed of different groups with intertwining beliefs, practices and theologies, although in their core beliefs, all Orthodox movements share the same principles.
		Orthodox Judaism considers all other Jewish movements to be unacceptable deviations from authentic Judaism; both by their dubiety of the verbal revelation of Written and Oral Torah, and by their rejection of Halakhic (Jewish legal) precedent as binding.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Orthodox_Judaism (2637 words)

	Modern Orthodox Judaism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Modern Orthodox Judaism (or Modern Orthodox, also known as Modern Orthodoxy and sometimes abbreviated as "MO") is a movement within Orthodox Judaism that attempts to synthesize traditional observance and values with the secular modern world.
		It is broadly defined as the effort to adapt Orthodox Judaism to modernity and to avoid the social and/or cultural isolation which living in strict accordance with halakha would seem to impose [1].
		Orthodox Judaism makes clear distinctions between the books of the Hebrew Bible, holding that the first five books - the Torah - are of a special nature, being directly dictated by God to Moses on Mount Sinai.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism (4025 words)

	Orthodox Judaism
		Orthodox Judaism is the direct successor of early Rabbinic or Talmudical Judaism (See Talmudical Judaism), holding that the "Oral Torah" particularly as it is contained in the Bavli (or Babylonian Talmud) has divine authority equal to that of the "Written Torah" in the Hebrew Bible.
		In the orthodox tradition practice in relation to circumcision, the dietary laws, the sabbath, the calendar, the role of women, marriage, the use of Hebrew in worship, the study of the Talmud and the rabbinate, is of such importance that it to some extent outweighs deviations in theological belief.
		Orthodox responses to the Holocaust were to treat it, like other tragic instances of Jewish suffering down the ages, as an impenetrable mystery transcending human understanding as God transcends it, but no reason to change any of the fundamental principles of traditional Jewish faith.
	philtar.ucsm.ac.uk /encyclopedia/judaism/orth.html (980 words)

	S.C.J. FAQ: Section 2.4. Who We Are: What is Orthodox Judaism?
		Orthodox Judaism is not a unified movement with a single governing body, but rather many different movements adhering to common principles.
		Orthodox Judaism views itself as the continuation of the beliefs and practices of normative Judaism, as accepted by the Jewish nation at Mt. Sinai and codified in successive generations in an ongoing process that continues to this day.
		An excellent summary of the core beliefs of Orthodox Judaism may be found in the Rambam's 13 Principles of Faith.
	www.shamash.org /lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/02-04.html (606 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: Orthodox Judaism Today
		Orthodox Jews since the 1970s have grown greatly in numbers, self-confidence, and public profile; at the same time, they have shifted to the right socially and religiously, refusing to make what they see as the compromises that their parents' and grandparents' generations made to fit into American society.
		The fact that Orthodox Judaism is, in the words of historian Jonathan Sarna, the "great success story of late 20th-century American Judaism" may seem surprising; a religion that believes in strict adherence to rules and rituals thrives at a time when personal choice seems to reign as the cultural norm.
		Increasing numbers of married women in Orthodox communities are covering their hair--either with hats or wigs--a Jewish law that was hardly observed among most Modern Orthodox women since the days of the shtetl in Europe.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Jewish_World_Today/Denominations/OrthodoxJudaism.htm (1466 words)

	Judaism
		But with the lengthy development of Judaism and its many changes it is incorrect to posit, as some have done, that Jewish history produced two separate religions: an OT religion of Israel and the postexilic religion of Judaism.
		The feel that Judaism should "alter its externals to strengthen its eternals." Reform holds that there is divine authority only in the written law of the Old Testament (its main distinction from Orthodox.) They feel that the practices of dietary laws and covering the head at worship are outmoded and should be abandoned.
		Judaism has a system of law, known as Halachah, regulating civil and criminal justice, family relationships, personal ethics and manners, social responsibilities - such as help to the needy, education, and community institutions - as well as worship and other religious observances.
	mb-soft.com /believe/txo/judaism.htm (5660 words)

	Orthodox Judaism at opensource encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Like all modern denominations of Judaism, Orthodoxy is not identical to the forms of Judaism that existed in the times of Moses, nor even identical to the Judaism which existed in the time of the Mishnah and Talmud.
		Acording to Orthodox Judaism, Jewish Law today is based on the commandments in the Torah, as viewed through the discussions and debates contained in the classical Rabbinic literature, especially the Mishnah and the Talmud.
		Sephardic Orthodox Jews base their practices on the Shulkhan Arukh, the 16th century legal index written by Rabbi Joseph Karo; Ashkenazic Orthodox Jews base their practices on the Mappah, a commentary to the Shulkhan Arukh written by Rabbi Moses Isserles.
	www.wiki.tatet.com /Orthodox_Judaism.html (1826 words)

	Orthodox Judaism
		Orthodox Judaism is not a unified movement with a single governing body, but many different movements adhering to common principles.
		Orthodox Judaism believes that both the Written and Oral Torah are of divine origin, and represent the word of Gd.
		For the Orthodox, the term "Torah" refers to the "Written Law" as interpreted by the "Oral Law," interpreted in turn by the Rishonim (Medieval commentators), and eventually codified in the Codices: R.
	www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org /jsource/Judaism/Orthodox.html (410 words)

	Orthodox and Non-Orthodox Judaism: How to Square the Circle
		Non-Orthodox converts to Judaism generally were converted before coming to Israel or in a few cases were sent abroad to complete formal conversion after studying in Israel, but the numbers were so small that the issue was a minimal one.
		Orthodox Jews should be very pleased with this because it will bring Reform Judaism back to the recognition of the binding character of halakhah, at least in Israel, an achievement of no small proportions if their interest is honestly religious and not merely a question of who has political power.
		The Orthodox religious establishment will lose its monopoly and the door will be opened for recognition of Reform and Conservative Judaism and their religious leaders independently of any Orthodox framework to do whatever their movements do.
	www.jcpa.org /dje/articles2/orth-nonorth.htm (2456 words)

	Orthodox Judaism
		Orthodox is not so much a protest against modern orientations in Judaism as it is a strict continuation of traditional Judaism.
		The Orthodox believe that the content of both the Written (Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament) and Oral Law (codified in the Mishnah and interpreted in the Talmud) are eternal and cannot be changed or omitted.
		The Orthodox practice their religion daily; study the Torah; follow the dietary injunctions; respect all aspects of the celebration of the Sabbath.
	i-cias.com /e.o/jud_orth.htm (342 words)

	MyJewishLearning.com - History & Community: Orthodox Judaism
		The actual term “Orthodox” is derived from Christian theology and was, at first, a term of reproach hurled against the traditionalists by the early Reformers at the beginning of the nineteenth century, to imply that those who failed to respond to the modernist challenge were hidebound.
		Orthodox Judaism rejects the notion introduced by Reform that, in the light of modern thought and life in Western society, Judaism required to be “reformed.” Granted that the Torah is of divine origin, as the Orthodox affirm, to attempt to reform is to imply that God can change his mind, to put it somewhat crudely.
		Naturally, the Orthodox disagree with the notion that there is a halachic spirit, in obedience to which the letter of the law can be set aside where it is considered necessary.
	www.myjewishlearning.com /history_community/Modern/ModernReligionCulture/MoreEmergence/Orthodox_Judaism.htm (862 words)

	Orthodox Judaism Encyclopedia Article @ CreatedByGod.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		This form of Judaism was termed "neo-Orthodoxy", which gave rise to the various forms of Modern Orthodox Judaism.
		Orthodox Judaism is composed of different groups with intertwining beliefs, practices and theologies, and in their broad patterns, the Orthodox movements are very similar.
		Most Orthodox groups characterize non-Orthodox forms of Judaism as heresy; see the article on Relationships between Jewish religious movements.
	www.createdbygod.com /encyclopedia/Orthodox_Judaism (2726 words)

	Judaism 101: Movements of Judaism
		It includes the modern Orthodox, who have largely integrated into modern society while maintaining observance of halakhah (Jewish Law), the Chasidim, who live separately and dress distinctively (commonly, but erroneously, referred to in the media as the "ultra-Orthodox"), and the Yeshivish Orthodox, who are neither Chasidic nor modern.
		Conservative Judaism maintains that the truths found in Jewish scriptures and other Jewish writings come from G-d, but were transmitted by humans and contain a human compontent.
		Reconstructionists believe that Judaism is an "evolving religious civilization." They do not believe in a personified deity that is active in history, and they do not believe that G-d chose the Jewish people.
	www.jewfaq.org /movement.htm (2311 words)

	orthodox reform conservative judaism contrasts
		Consequently, changes in the laws of Judaism must be made by the rabbis on behalf of the community, as the Tradition requires, and not by individuals on their own.
		The reformers' claim that they were "the true Judaism" had to be based upon a highly sophisticated, historicistic argument that if the prophets or the Pharisees were alive in the nineteenth century, they would have been reform Jews; therefore reform Judaism was authentic, and Orthodoxy was not.
		Similarly, the sectarianism of both Reform and Orthodox groups, their abandonment of the ambition to struggle with all Jews for the achievement of universal goals within a single, united community, constitutes a failure of nerve in the face of the diversities and inconstancies of the modern situation.
	www.adath-shalom.ca /OCR.htm (4809 words)

	Orthodox Judaism - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Orthodox Judaism
		Branch of Judaism that asserts the supreme authority of the Torah and the Talmud, including the Halachah (oral legal tradition).
		Ultra-Orthodox sects include Hasidism, which developed in 18th-century Poland, and Lubavitch, which originated in Russia; both are influenced by the Kabbalah, a mystical Jewish tradition.
		Orthodox Jews observe all 613 commandments of the Torah, excluding those that refer to the Temple in Jerusalem, now destroyed.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Orthodox+Judaism (229 words)

	Orthodox Judaism - ReligionFacts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Orthodox Jews believe the entire Torah - including "Written," the the Pentateuch, and "Oral," the Talmud) was given to Moses by God at Sinai and remains authoritative for modern life in its entirety.
		Orthodox Jews reject the changes of Reform Judaism and hold fast to most traditional Jewish beliefs and practices.
		Orthodox Jews consider Reform and Conservative Jews adherents of the Jewish faith, but do not accept many non-Orthodox Jewish marriages, divorces, or conversions on the grounds that they were not performed in accordance with Jewish law.
	www.religionfacts.com /judaism/denominations/orthodox.htm (287 words)

	The Future of Judaism - article by Daniel Pipes
		The Orthodox proportion of American synagogue members, for example, went from 11% in 1971 to 16% in 1990 to 21% in 2000-01.
		Aguda, an Orthodox organization with a stated mission to "mobilize Torah-loyal Jews for the perpetuation of authentic Judaism," has a membership ranging from clean-shaven men to fl-hatted ones (the haredi), from Jews educated in secular universities to full-time, Yiddish speaking students of the Talmud.
		But he is accurate insofar as Orthodox institutions have generally stayed out of the American fray except to pursue their narrow agenda.
	www.danielpipes.org /article/2370 (799 words)

	Reform Judaism and the relationship to Deism. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The origins of Reform Judaism lie in the German Enlightenment with both Kant and Moses Mendelssohn (1729-86, a deist) Quoting Karen Armstrong in A History of G-d, It is not difficult for Enlightened Jews to accept the religious philosophy of the German Enlightenment.
		Orthodox Jews might take it literally when the Torah says not to put a blade to the face, but many orthodox Jews will get around that by using an electric razor where the blade does not make direct contact with the face.
		Orthodox Jews would walk a mile to a synagogue since driving a car is prohibited, while a reform Jew would see no burden placed on any beast, no travel (in the sense that it differs from the Orthodox Jew's travel on foot) and no flame being kindled.
	www.sullivan-county.com /id2/judaism.htm (6461 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Conservative Judaism is often seen, perhaps unfairly, as the middle ground between Orthodoxy on its right and Reform and Reconstructionism on its left.
		Orthodox Judaism is a relatively small movement, making up about 10 per cent of those Jews who affiliate.
		Currently, Orthodox Judaism is the only officially recognized movement in Israel for a variety of activities, such as marriage.
	www.convert.org /movement.htm (1259 words)

	Orthodox Judaism -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Jewish Orthodoxy resolutely refuses to accept the position of Reform Judaism that the Bible and other sacred Jewish writings contain not only eternally valid moral principles but also historically and culturally conditioned adaptations and interpretations of the Law that may be...
		Reform Judaism sets itself at variance with Orthodox Judaism by challenging the binding force of ritual, laws, and customs set down in the Bible and in certain...
		Eastern Orthodox Churches are usually identified by nationality and are the result of the Catholicism.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9057485?tocId=9057485 (712 words)

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