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Topic: Orthodox trotskyism

	The Programmatic Principles of the Faction for the Trotskyist International
		Orthodox Trotskyism rejects as revisionist the policy of "revolutionary unity," that is, the position according to which the revolutionary party of the proletariat can be created through fusion on vague bases and as a result of some sort of compromise between Trotskyism and forces of a centrist type.
		Trotskyism, therefore, rejects the theory according to which there exists between the workers' state (the dictatorship of the proletariat) and the degenerated workers' state a difference which is only quantitative and not clearly qualitative.
		Orthodox Trotskyism rejects the revisionist position which (starting from the nature of the countries oppressed by imperialism and the centrality of the struggle against imperialism) maintains the possibility of establishing anti-imperialist-united-front agreements with the national bourgeoisie of an oppressed country.
	home.igc.org /~itofi/fti/fti_prog.html (4115 words)

	NOTES FOR A TALK GIVEN AT THE STALIN SOCIETY ON TROTSKYISM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Trotsky’s motives were not determined by politico-strategic considerations, but rather by his long-standing rivalry with Lenin, whom Trotsky regarded as an obstacle to his own leadership of the revolution.
		Trotsky announced that the aim of the Trotskyite International was to defeat Stalinism in the workers movement, oppose the theory of socialism in one country and thus promote the world revolution.
		Trotsky came to the conclusion that since we were living in a transitional period from capitalism to socialism what was needed was a system of transitional demands.
	www.oneparty.co.uk /html/ontrot.html (9408 words)

	ETOL: Questions and answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Trotskyism is also against class collaboration as manifested in the Popular Fronts of the late 1930s in France and Spain, where allegedly "progressive" bourgeois forces were unabashedly supported by Communist Party policies, de facto aiding in the disarming of the working class in the face of the fascist threat.
		On the basis of Trotsky's analysis of the Soviet Union as a degenerated workers state, the fight against Stalinism posed the need for a political revolution to overthrow the Stalinist bureaucracy and restore genuine soviet power, that is the power of councils of workers and peasants delegates in government.
		In 1928 Trotsky was deported in internal exile to Alma Ata, in Kazakhstan, and in 1929 was expelled from the Soviet Union.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/faq/faq-eng.htm (2882 words)

	Alex Callinicos: Trotskyism (Chap. 3.1)
		Orthodox Trotskyism was constituted, as we saw in the previous chapter, by the decision to preserve Trotsky’s analysis of the USSR as a degenerated workers’ state by extending it to China and Eastern Europe.
		Trotsky argued that the economic crisis was so acute that the struggle for even the most modest improvement in working-class conditions would come into conflict with the capitalist system itself.
		Thus Trotsky described the transitional demands as “stemming from today’s conditions and today’s consciousness of wide layers of the working class and unalterably leading to one final conclusion: the conquest of power by the proletariat” (Reisner 1973: 183).
	www.marxists.de /trotism/callinicos/3-1_orthodox.htm (1646 words)

	Trotskyism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Trotskyism is the theory of communism as advocated by Leon Trotsky, or is more loosely used to denote various political currents claiming a tradition of marxist opposition to both Stalinism and capitalism.
		On the political spectrum of Marxism, Trotskyism is considered to be on the left.
		Trotsky later developed the position that the Russian workers' state had become a "bureaucratically degenerated workers' state".
	www.wikiverse.org /trotskyism (555 words)

	Alex Callinicos: Trotskyism (Chap. 3.2)
		The paradox of orthodox Trotskyism is that, by seeking to preserve the letter of Trotsky’s theory, it deprived the latter of much of its substance.
		Trotsky, in line with his general commitment to classical Marxism, conceived socialism as the self-emancipation of the working class.
		Trotsky (n.d.: 56) had, in his polemic against Lenin’s conception of the party after the 1903 Congress, identified the danger of “substitutionism”: “The group of ‘professional revolutionaries’ was not marching at the head of the conscious proletariat, it was acting in...
	www.marxists.de /trotism/callinicos/3-2_orthodox.htm (1706 words)

	Trotskyism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky.
		Trotsky believed that a new socialist state would not be able to hold out against the pressures of a hostile capitalist world unless socialist revolutions quickly took hold in other countries as well.
		Some Marxists who oppose Trotskyism regard it as being in the service of the right because, in their view, it is not an effective route to socialism.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Trotskyism.htm (1865 words)

	Slaughter: What is Revolutionary Leadership? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Trotsky, exiled by the Stalinist bureaucracy, was urging a policy of United Front on the Communist Party of Germany as the only defence against the danger of Nazism.
		Trotsky laid a firm basis for the study of the relation between the Soviet workers' state and the world working class in his writings between 1924, when 'Socialism in One Country' was first theoretically presented, and his death in 1940.
		Trotsky later gave his verdict on this episode, and it is worth quoting as an antidote to those who are fond of using Trotsky's early writings about dictatorship over the party.
	www.marxists.org /history/etol/document/ibt/ibt04.htm (7892 words)

	LENINISM, TROTSKYISM & SOCIALIST ORGANIZATION TODAY
		Trotsky's analysis of the U.S.S.R. as a "degenerated workers' state" was one.
		Contrary to what Trotsky wrote in 1938, the working class in the advanced capitalist countries and much of the rest of the world today has a crisis of self-mobilization: there are few or no networks of worker militants to organize resistance, and weak political traditions in the working class.
		The largest orthodox Trotskyist current, the United Secretariat of the Fourth International (whose best known figure was the late Ernest Mandel), is now divided between a disoriented majority that has adapted heavily to non-Marxist politics and advocates regroupment with non-revolutionaries, and a minority that clings to the party-building approach of the 1970s.
	www.angelfire.com /journal/iso/prf.html (4485 words)

	Weekly Worker 343 Thursday July 6 2000
		As an orthodox Trotskyist, he upholds the view that the Soviet Union was a degenerated workers' state, but the horrific terror of the purge trials showed that the working class had no political power.
		Trotsky explained to the Dewey Commission (established to investigate Stalin's allegations against Trotskyism) that Stalinism was not Bolshevism and not working class democracy.
		Trotsky's equation of the purge trials with the logic of class struggle and class antagonisms is one more indication that he is effectively suggesting that there is a new class dictatorship over the working class.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/343/stalinterror.html (2413 words)

	Talk:Trotskyism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Given what the article itself establishes - that Trotsky's heirs and epigones are notoriously argumentative - it is surely impossible to define this 'ism' in a way which appears to everyone as an NPOV.
		One suggestion, though: for some people involved or associated with that movement, it is less a specific theory of Leon Trotsky's and more a tradition of political opposition to Stalinism that they identify with.
		That is because "rejection of Trotskyism" may imply an active opposition to Trotskyism or Trotskyist ideas, which is certainly not the case for Third World Marxist revolutionaries.
	northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Talk:Trotskyism (1136 words)

	The Heritage We Defend: A Contribution to the History of the Fourth International Chapter 18: James P. Cannon's ...
		This act proved decisive in breaching the isolation imposed by the Stalinist bureaucracy on Trotsky and in laying the foundation for the Fourth International.
		With his exile shortly thereafter, Trotsky began an intimate and trusted collaboration with the leadership of the SWP that lasted to the day of his death....
		After the murder of Trotsky by an agent of Stalin’s secret police, the SWP took the lead in defending and advocating his teachings.
	www.wsws.org /articles/2003/nov2003/her2-n15_prn.shtml (5326 words)

	Weekly Worker 439 Thursday July 4 2002
		Written in periods when political activity was impossible - largely after his expulsion from the Communist Party in the aftermath of the Chinese massacres of 1927 until his death - they are a witness to the struggles of oppositionists and their tenacity in the face of the bureaucracy.
		One of the reasons for an almost universal distrust of his work from within orthodox Trotskyism was his assertion that the germs of the Stalinist degeneration were present within Bolshevism.
		Particularly impressive is the account of the relationship between Serge and Trotsky and, although I might not accept Weissman’s ultimate assessment of the nature of the Soviet Union, I do not think she does any violence to Serge’s basic concepts in outlining his theory of degeneration.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/439/serge.html (1530 words)

	Theses on the crisi of the Fourth International and the tasks of consistent trotskysts
		And subsequently, during the 1970s, it theorized the "imminence of the decisive clash", in which the role of revolutionary leadership would be played by the so-called "new vanguard with mass influence", that is, the confused mixture of spontaneist and centrist organizations built from the youth radicalization.
		Although joined to formally more "orthodox" elaborations (and with the possibility that developments in the class struggle may push the USFI a little more toward the left, as happened at the end of the 1960s), this is the essential frame of reference of the USFI today.
		For the orthodox Trotskyists to turn their backs on the advanced workers being drawn toward Trotskyist positions by the "Trotskyist-centrist" organizations and the militants fighting for Trotskyist positions within them, would be an act of sectarianism of historically tragic proportions.
	www.progettocomunista.it /98IIConferenzaITOCrisisIVInt.htm (7645 words)

	Weekly Worker 501 Thursday October 23 2003
		Rather it results from a rejection of its one-time orthodox Trotskyism in favour of the politics held by Max Shachtman.
		The AWL and its predecessors took from Shachtman not merely some of his correct but inadequately theorised criticisms of orthodox Trotskyism’s metaphysical insistence of the ‘proletarian’ nature of the Stalinised USSR and its later clone states.
		For Matgamna, this correct and orthodox Marxist position of no support for wars of conquest by predatory nationalist movements and reactionary bourgeois regimes is defined as being a form of Arabism, though not of course “unabashed” Arabism.
	www.cpgb.org.uk /worker/501/awl.html (3388 words)

	A Letter to Trotskyists Throughout the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Transitional Program, which remains the keystone of today's program of the world Trotskyist movement, was written by Trotsky in collaboration with the leaders of the SWP and at his request was submitted by them for adoption at the founding Congress.
		The intimacy and thoroughness of the collaboration between Trotsky and the leadership of the SWP can be judged from the record of struggle In defense of orthodox Trotskyist principles in 1939-40 against the Petty-Bourgeois Opposition headed by Burnham and Shachtman.
		The cement binding this unprincipled bloc is common hostility to orthodox Trotskyism.
	www.bolshevik.org /history/Trpab-4.htm (4684 words)

	Repudiating Trotskyism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		We had, from the beginning, seen how Stalinism leads to class-collaboration and thought that the theory of permanent revolution is the solution: to deny stages in the struggle (albeit not denying it in the sterile manner typical of ultra-"leftists", but rather by seeing it all as a continuous process just rolling on).
		The resolution on the classics of Marxism-Leninism, adopted by FRP last year, which criticized some of Trotsky's ideas and stated that he can not be regarded as a classic alongside Marx, Engels and Lenin, was simply a sign of the extent to which our re-consideration had reached at that moment.
		Trotsky himself was a continuously vacillating centrist, who in fact never broke with the tradition of the Second International before 1914 a tradition which, in various forms, was brought into Comintern and the Russian Bolshevik Party as well, and managed to survive Leninism.
	home.flash.net /~comvoice/35cFRPstatement.html (1228 words)

	From the International Socialists to the SWP
		Because the former view was held by Trotsky himself at his death, it was characterised as "orthodox": Cliff however saw it as involving revisions of basic marxist ideas.
		[8] The SR group, which differed from orthodox trotskyism in general, came to represent the polar opposite to the S LL: realistic in economic perspectives, able to explain the failures of labour bureaucrats as well as to condemn them, non-sectarian towards other socialists, the champion of thorough working-class democracy in all areas of practice.
		A thorough-going anti-formalism was very powerful in IS, and was rooted in its rejection of "orthodox" trotskyism, with its tortuous concept of "the degenerated workers' state" and plethora of international apparatuses.
	www.martinshaw.org /is.htm (14637 words)

	Duncan Hallas: Building the Leadership (1969) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Twenty years earlier Trotsky had declared that the victory of Hitler proved that the Communist international was a corpse, that it was necessary to work for a new revolutionary International.
		The failure of his “orthodox” followers to disentangle this correct historical perspective from the errors of his short-term analysis lies at the root of their political bankruptcy.
		Trotsky’s immense contribution to revolutionary tactics, his uncompromising hostility to Stalinism, to reformism, to every kind of totalitarianism, give him a stature which no mere mistakes can diminish.
	www.marxists.org /archive/hallas/works/1969/xx/building.htm (7244 words)

	Workers' Liberty #55 - Trotskyism after Trotsky? C'est moi! April 1999.
		This alleged history of Trotskyism after Trotsky is an exercise in self-aggrandisement by its author, Tony Cliff.
		In the decade when Cliff was still an orthodox Trotskyist, they developed the ideas of Trotsky's last period - initially in conflict with Trotsky himself - into a rational alternative to the "orthodox Trotskyists" who lost their way.
		Cliff was an "orthodox Trotskyist" on the USSR until 1947-8, and on key questions he remains in that tradition to this day [for example in his caricatural Cannonite/Zionoviest idea of the revolutionary party].
	archive.workersliberty.org /wlmags/wl55/indepth.htm (4083 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Ma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Nevertheless, the aphorism that “the road to hell is paved with good intentions” has merit, and any thoughts of simply “abolishing” the market in favour of planning should be entertained with caution.
		For example, Trotsky explained how the outcome of the period of “Military Communism” in the USSR during which the market was suppressed:
		After Lenin's death, the creation, development and evolution of Marxism-Leninism was the focus of crippling sectarian battles throughout the world over what Lenin "had really meant".
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /marxists/glossary/terms/m/a.htm (6741 words)

	Ideas and Purges: Soviet Intellectual Life in the 1930s
		The sentence of death was passed on Bukharin, Rykov, Krestinsky, and others, including Yagoda who had headed the NKVD and presided over the preparation of the first two trials.* Trotsky, who had long been in exile, was sentenced to death in absentia, a sentence executed in Mexico in 1940.
		A member of the editorial board of Pod znamenem marksisma, and orthodox both in philosophical and political terms, he was arrested and sent to a labour camp, because of an editorial mistake made in the production of the journal.
		Hessen was accused of trotskyism, a standard charge for anyone arrested at that time.
	www.comms.dcu.ie /sheehanh/soviet2.htm (4476 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Born in Palestine to Zionist parents in 1917, Ygael Gluckstein became a Trotskyist during the 1930s and played a leading role in the attempt to forge a movement uniting Arab and Jewish workers.
		In the late 1940s he developed the theory that Russia wasn’t a workers’ state but a form of bureaucratic state capitalism, which has characterised the tendency with which he was associated for the remaining five decades of his life.
		Although he broke from “orthodox Trotskyism” after being bureaucratically excluded from the Fourth International in 1950, he always considered himself to be a Trotskyist although he was also open to other influences within the Marxist tradition.
	www.geocities.com /samppas/Cliff.html (292 words)

	Leninism, Trotskyism and Socialist Organization Today, by by Sebastian Lamb - Pamphlet
		Revolutionary socialist politics develops when socialists are able to learn from the struggles of the exploited and oppressed.
		Serious problems in the International Socialists in Canada and, more generally, the IS Tendency, have made it clear that this "reoriented Trotskyism" (Alex Callinicos's term in TROTSKYISM) needs to be critically evaluated, much as it began to reevaluate the Trotskyist movement and the early Comintern.
		[2] The Sri Lankan LSSP espoused Trotskyism verbally but was in practice a left reformist party, while the Bolivian POR's support for a middle class radical nationalist government prevented it from taking advantage of a revolutionary situation.
	www.web.net /~newsoc/documents/document01.html (4626 words)

	Marxism message, Orthodox Trotskyism weighs in on class nature of China
		Orthodox Trotskyism weighs in on class nature of China
		China, America and the Pacific By Ted Grant and Alan Woods Unable to challenge China directly, the American ruling class attempts to gain its objectives by other means.
		Orthodox Trotskyism weighs in on class nature of China, Louis Proyect Wed 25 Apr 2001, 18:40 GMT
	archives.econ.utah.edu /archives/marxism/2001/msg00773.htm (1040 words)

	The Crisis of the Fourth International and the Tasks of Consistent Trotskyists
		This was, in reality, an expression of a deeper adaptation to the political framework of bourgeois democracy and a more classic revisionism, as shown during the Portuguese revolution of 1974-75 and the Argentinian crisis of 1975-76.
		It takes a "third-camp" position in relation to the struggle between imperialism and Stalinism and regards the societies dominated by the latter as "state capitalist." The WWP was born in a split from the SWP/USA at the end of the 1950s and is characterized by pro-Stalinist positions.
		The great majority of the forces which have degenerated from Trotskyism maintain politics which are generally revisionist and centrist -- or, in a few instances, ultraleft-revisionist -- without openly breaking with or fully liquidating the Trotskyist program.
	home.igc.org /~itofi/fti/fti_meth.html (5653 words)

	Revolution & Truth Homepage
		Revolution and Truth is not, as yet, the journal of an organisation, though the aim of the journal is to fight to convince those who aspire to Marxism of the distinctive views of the editor/ publisher.
		The editorial viewpoint is that of anti-revisionist Trotskyism, solidarising with those internationally who have sought to preserve the programme of the classical Fourth International in the post World War II political situation, in the face of a series of political events that have taxed the theoretical abilities of would-be orthodox Marxists.
		The unexpected outcome of the second imperialist war, for instance, with the strengthening of US imperialism and particularly of the Soviet bloc, caused a large section of the Trotskyist movement in the 1940s and 1950s to despair of the project of building a movement based on their own revolutionary programme.
	members.aol.com /RevolutionTruth (1053 words)

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