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Topic: Orthogenesis

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Teleology

Epigenetic inheritance

Weismann Barrier

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Yun Son Ha

	Orthogenesis - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Orthogenesis, orthogenetic evolution or autogenesis, is the hypothesis that life has an innate tendency to move, in a unilinear fashion, to ever greater perfection.
		Orthogenesis was particularly accepted by paleontologists who saw in their fossils a directional change, and in invertebrate paleontology thought there was a gradual and constant directional change.
		The orthogenesis hypothesis began to collapse when it became clear that it could not explain the patterns found by paleontologists in the fossil record, which was non-linear with many complications.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Orthogenesis (815 words)

	The Orthogenesis Laser: A Therapy of the Future
		What helped her out of the abyss was a series of treatments over six months with the Orthogenesis laser plus pineapple enzyme, or bromelain.
		Surprising, as it may seem, the Orthogenesis laser is also highly effective with wound healing.
		The Orthogenesis laser beam consists of gentle light waves that penetrate tissues — waves corresponding to the mathematical ratio known as the Golden Mean.
	www.news2news.com /news/iris/2001/10/a_4_4.htm (631 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Orthogenesis
		Orthogenesis, orthogenetic evolution or autogenesis, is the hypothesis that life has an innate tendency to move in a unilinear fashion due to some internal or external "driving force".
		Orthogenesis was particularly accepted by paleontologists who saw in their fossils a directional change, and in invertebrate paleontology thought there was a gradual and constant directional change.
		The orthogenesis hypothesis began to collapse when it became clear that it could not explain the patterns found by paleontologists in the fossil record, which was non-linear with many complications.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Orthogenesis (1443 words)

	Learning Unit 5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Orthogenesis can be furrows of constrained variation that provides biased material to natural selection, but cannot itself drive a species to extinction.
		Orthogenesis is neither vitalistic, nor is it due to chance.
		Orthogenesis is not creationism; there is no teleological drive that directs the path.
	ww2.sjc.edu /faculty_pages/cmorgan/Evolution/LU_5.htm (2290 words)

	The Case of the Irish Elk
		A once-popular hypothesized evolutionary mechanism was orthogenesis, in which change in organisms was due not to natural selection, but to internal directional trends within a lineage.
		The Irish elk was once considered a prime example of orthogenesis: it was thought that its lineage had started evolving on an irreversible trajectory towards larger and larger antlers.
		Although orthogenesis was a common evolutionary theory in the 19th and early 20th centuries, it has since been abandoned for lack of a plausible mechanism.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mammal/artio/irishelk.html (840 words)

	Horses, Simpson, and Orthogenesis
		Orthogenesis was an idea that was popular in the late nineteenth and very early twentieth century but has been rejected by scientists since no one could provide a viable mechanism for it and more importantly the evidence showed it to be wrong.
		Orthogenesis is the notion that evolution proceeds in straight lines.
		The word “orthogenesis” has been used in so many different ways that it really has no exact meaning any more and is being dropped from the vocabularies of careful paleontologists.
	members.cox.net /ardipithecus/evol/lies/lie017.html (988 words)

	Evolution on rails: Arguments for Orthogenesis in the Historical Perspective (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This approach is known in the history of evolutionary biology as orthogenesis or the concept of directed evolution.
		We will survey and classify the arguments for orthogenesis as they appear in the history of science and, partly, current discussions.
		We do not exclude that the argumentative patterns identified in the more then hundred years discussions on orthogenesis can be also applied to the analysis of economic systems.
	www.ishpssb.org /ocs/viewpaper.php?id=310&print=1 (214 words)

	Biology and 'physics envy'
		The main strength of the book is that each topic is discussed clearly, and is often broken down into simpler ideas to allow components to be evaluated or tested separately.
		A particularly strong feature is Mayr's destruction of orthogenesis, the 'Onward and Upward' model of evolution that still dominates much current thinking (especially from molecular biologists untrained in evolution).
		Orthogenesis implies an almost inevitable advance to a higher state: prokaryotes to eukaryotes, unicellular to multicellular organisms, primates to humans.
	www.nature.com /embor/journal/v6/n6/full/7400451.html (851 words)

	Learning Unit 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Darwinism was chosen as the core, since all alternatives allowed gradualism and selection to some extent.
		Orthogenesis runs aground on particulate inheritance as well.
		Huxley suggests that orthogenesis is in fact phyletic constraint.
	ww2.sjc.edu /faculty_pages/cmorgan/Evolution/LU_06.htm (1575 words)

	Why is Biology Different?
		orthogenesis, or any other theory that is in conflict with the laws of chemistry or physics.
		Vitalism is the discredited notion that what makes living systems different is their possession of some "vital force" that when removed from the system just leaves you with a mass of organic molecules.
		Orthogenesis is a related concept which holds that the evolutionary process is somehow goal-directed to produce progressively higher levels of perfection and complexity.
	www.towson.edu /~scully/biology.html (1622 words)

	Christian Church Today - Theology & Worldviews
		Orthogenesis is the view that variation can take place along restricted channels (hence ortho-).
		Once it is shown that the probability of favorable adaptations quickly drops as the variational distance increases, the kind of internal guide path implied by orthogenesis becomes unnecessary.
		Fisher argued from statistics for his so-called Fundamental Theorem of Natural Selection: the rate of increase in the fitness of any organism at any time is equal to its genetic variance in fitness at that time.
	www.christianchurchtoday.com /topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=1232&whichpage=4 (6884 words)

	Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Patient Info
		The surgical staff at Orthogenesis International Centre are experienced, certified oral and maxillofacial surgical assistants, who assist in administration of I.V. Twilight sedation anesthesia and surgery.
		At Orthogenesis International Centre we make every effort to provide you with the finest surgical care and the most convenient financial options.
		Orthogenesis International Centre is open Monday - Friday from 8 am until 5 pm.
	www.faceandsmile.com /english/patient/oms.html (788 words)

	SLI, Orthogenesis System Form Joint Venture
		The companies described the device as being used primarily to treat arthritic conditions and chronic pain, and to accelerate healing of wounds.
		Under the agreement, SLI and Orthogenesis will each hold a 50 percent stake in a joint venture company to be called Orthogenesis Technologies LLC.
		SLI has been granted exclusive license to manufacture the Orthogenesis system for the life of the joint venture.
	www.photonics.com /content/news/1999/October/20/59064.aspx (204 words)

	Orthogenesis - EvoWiki
		Silhouette diagram of the now-incorrect view of human evolution based on Orthogenesis.
		Declined after the Origin, though the mechanism was not refuted until the modern synthesis in which it was established that the mechanism does not exist.
		This page was last modified 14:14, 5 August 2007.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Orthogenesis (829 words)

	Desert Diary, 16 February 2004: Orthogenesis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		If indeed that were all, the now discarded idea of orthogenesis would have a strong bit of evidence.
		Thus the idea that early horses were destined to lose toes and develop increasingly complex grinding teeth until Lo!, they became today's horses.
		Fortunately, orthogenesis was a testable hypothesis--and when tested, failed.
	museum.utep.edu /archive/biology/DDorthogenesis.htm (263 words)

	Zoology 510, Chapter 13 notes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Orthogenesis (consistent variation/mutation in one preferred direction) also begs the question of how characters come to be useful.
		In other words, one should distinguish between explanations which cannot work and those which happen not to be true.
		Lamarckianism and orthogenesis do seem unsatisfactory in principle, at least to the modern eye.
	www.science.siu.edu /zoology/King/510/mr13.htm (1990 words)

	Integral Options Cafe: 02/05/2006 - 02/11/2006
		But I also don't accept that there is a divine architect guiding the whole Kosmic process.
		Any attempt to remove the randomness from evolutionary progress is labeled orthogenesis, the belief that evolution moves forward due to some unseen internal or external force or drive.
		The only real objections to the randomness element have been in the form of untestable hypotheses involving some variation of essentialism.
	integral-options.blogspot.com /2006_02_05_integral-options_archive.html (6581 words)

	Paleobiology 23(1) - James W. Valentine
		On the other hand, when interpretations of fossil patterns violate established evolutionary principles, there is certainly reason to restudy and reinterpret the patterns.
		In the past, fossil patterns have been used to support such notions as vitalism, orthogenesis, and the biogenetic law of recapitulation, ideas that have proven incompatible with biological facts.
		Clearly, viable hypotheses to account for patterns of morphological change must be able to satisfy the findings of many fields.
	www.uic.edu /orgs/paleo/23-1/Pb231Val.htm (1221 words)

	Introduction to Phylo-Development
		Two prior formulations of the relationship of phyletic and individual development and of long-term trends in the fossil record will be presented here and will be shown to be only distantly related to phylo development.
		Paleontologists have had an abiding interest in long-term evolutionary trends that struck Cope and many others as linear or "rectilinear." "Orthogenesis," a term coined by Haacke (1893; fide Simpson 1944), describes a pattern of linear directional change in phylogeny, a pattern generally thought in presynthesis days to reflect internal evolutionary processes.
		This line of thinking, at least in paleontological circles, reached its culmination in the work of vertebrate paleontologist Henry Fairfield Osborn, whose theory of orthogenesis (later called "aristogenesis") saw linear evolutionary change arising from within organisms themselves, a mechanism, moreover, taking precedence over natural selection if not supplanting it altogether.
	www.macrodevelopment.org /library/concept.html (3944 words)

	Fossil Horses - Cambridge University Press
		Orthogenesis and scientific thought: old notions die hard; 4.
		'Fossil Horses is excellent, giving a clear description of the known and complicated facts, plus a deep and satisfying discussion of the philosophical issues - orthogenesis, punctuated equilibrium, the role of variance (splitting of habitats) in the creation of new species, and so on.
		If evolution interests you or if you are a biologist with a penchant for horses, then this is the one to buy.' New Scientist
	www.cambridge.org /uk/catalogue/print.asp?isbn=0521477085&print=y (367 words)

	Peter Bowler
		Orthogenesis referred to nonadaptive evolution moving consistenly in a single direction, internal tendency predisposed organisms to vary in particular direction.
		By 1900, the opponents of Darwinism were sure it would never recover.
		A number of alternatives were circulating in the scientific community, including neo-Lamarckism and the theory of orthogenesis, which suggested a teleological process or a process driven by inherent forces of individual growth.
	www.princeton.edu /~jconley/biology/bowlereclipse.htm (441 words)

	Autogenesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Orthogenesis - a discredited evolutionary idea that hypothesised a directed 'teleological' form of evolution.
		Autogenesis may also have been used to mean a combination of the two, a purposeful, directed or 'special creation' abiogenesis event, the product of which undergoes orthogenesis.
		This page was last modified 07:17, 19 November 2006.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Autogenesis (96 words)

	Various fixator bits and pieces
		I wonder if anyone out there has had one and can clarify what these large, metal lumps on each wire actually were.
		The techniques of bone growth (orthogenesis) by distraction (stretching) is not limited to the long bones of the body ie; the arms and legs.
		Indeed as can (just about) be seen from the picture opposite, devices exist for the repair and regrowth of the bones of the face and skull.
	www.ilizarov.org.uk /oands.htm (1380 words)

	Evolution and Learning (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mayr’s (1970) description of the change in evolutionary theories depicts the synthesis of several single-factor explanations (e.g., environmentally induced, such as adaptive response and random response, and intrinsically controlled, such as orthogenesis, volitional or Lamarckian, mutational, and epigenetic) into several multiple factor explanations.
		This suggests that many proposals have too narrow a focus, are directed at local problems when the entire concept of education needs to be rethought.
		I suspect that his intent was to describe the overall drive to complexity as linear.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~jwb2/research/Complexity/Evol&Lrng.html (7346 words)

	The Structure of Evolutionary Theory (S.J. Gould). Book review.
		orthogenesis (there is a direction in evolution) = denial of undirected variation
		Alternatives to natural selection deny the creativity of natural selection and reduce it to a negative force.
		Lamarckism and orthogenesis deny undirected variation and saltationism refutes the claim that variation must be small in extent.
	home.wxs.nl /~gkorthof/korthof63.htm (3018 words)

	The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - orthogenesis
		The KLI Theory Lab - keywords - orthogenesis
		This keyword was found on the following pages:
		Keywords: experimental evidence genetics •; Lamarckism •; orthogenesis • radical mutationism.
	www.kli.ac.at /theorylab/Keyword/O/orthogenesis.html (56 words)

	Lefalophodon: Ernst Mayr (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Mayr extended these ideas to argue for the biological species concept, "population thinking" in taxonomy, and the theory of allopatric speciation.
		LIke the other neo-Darwinians, Mayr argued against orthogenesis, neo-Lamarckism, and saltationist versions of Mendelism.
		In the 60's and 70's Mayr defended "evolutionary taxonomy" (which blended phylogenetic and ecomorphological information to produce qualitatively-justified classifications) against the new ideas of pheneticists like Sokal and Sneath and cladists like Nelson and Farris.
	www.nceas.ucsb.edu /~alroy/lefa/Mayr.html (207 words)

	Kirschenbaum Orthopaedics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The end result...a 3 inch incision with minimally invasive technique.
		Using a specially designed ORTHOGENESIS reamer to prepare the bone.
		Excellent exposure and component position- 3 inch incision Ceramics or Crossfire Polyethylene!
	www.walkandmove.com /programs/mih.php (64 words)

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