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Topic: Orthographic projection (cartography)

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	Orthographic projection - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Orthographic projection is a means of representing a three-dimensional object in two dimensions.
		Orthographic multiview projection is derived from the principles of descriptive geometry and may produce an image of a specified, imaginary object as viewed from any direction of space.
		Orthographic projection is distinguished by parallel projectors emanating from all points of the imaged object and which intersect a plane of projection at right angles.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Orthographic_projection (0 words)

	Orthographic projection - Facts, Information, and Encyclopedia Reference article
		In first-angle projection, each view of the object is projected in the direction (sense) of sight of the object, onto the interior walls of the box i.e the each view of the object is drawn on the opposite side of the box:
		In third-angle projection, each view of the object is projected opposite to the direction (sense) of sight, onto the (transparent) exterior walls of the box i.e, the each view of the object is drawn on the same side of the box:
		One way to consider the projections is that with Third-Angle projections, the projection on the left corresponds to holding the object in one's hand and turning it clockwise as seen from above (conventionally called to the left), while in First-Angle projections, one turns the object counter-clockwise (conventionally called to the right).
	www.startsurfing.com /encyclopedia/o/r/t/Orthographic_projection.html (0 words)

	Map projection
		Azimuthal[?] projections touch the earth to a plane at one tangent point; angles from that tangent point are preserved, and distances from that point are computed by a function independent of the angle.
		Cordiform projection[?] designates a pole and a meridian; distances from the pole are preserved, as are distances from the meridian (which is straight) along the parallels.
		Orthographic maps are easier to visualise, because they represent a view of the Earth from space, which allows the human eye to compensate for the distortions.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ma/Map_projection.html (1619 words)

	Map projection \| Koordinaten / Informationen / Encyclopedia of terms - Map projection
		However, in understanding the concept of a map projection it is helpful to think of a globe with a light source placed at some definite point with respect to it, projecting features of the globe onto a surface.
		Unavoidably, all cylindrical projections have an east-west stretching away from the equator by a factor equal to the secant of the latitude, compared with the scale at the equator.
		Azimuthal projections have the property that directions from a central point are preserved (and hence, great circles through the central point are represented by straight lines on the map).
	www.koordinaten.de /english/encyclopedia/map_projection.shtml (2609 words)

	Guide to Selecting Map Projections (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Projections in which the meridians are represented by a system of equidistant parallel straight lines, and the parallels by a system of parallel straight lines at right angles to the meridians.
		Projections in which the parallels are represented by a system of nonconcentric circular arcs with their centers lying on the straight line representing the central meridian.
		Projections in which the meridians are represented by a system of concurrent straight lines inclined to each other at their true difference of longitude, and the parallels by a system of concentric circles with their common center at the point of concurrency of the meridians.
	www.manifold.net /doc/7x/guide_to_selecting_map_projections.htm (1772 words)

	Cartographiometry Glossary of Terms
		The perspective of the projection is either polar, equatorial, or obliqueaccording to whether the map's center is at a pole, on the equator, or somewhere else.
		The principal importance of the stereographic projection is that it is
		An orthographic projection is an azimuthal projection obtained by projecting the earth onto a plane that touches the earth at a central point using an imaginary light source located "at infinity" and shining at right angles to the projecting plane.
	www06.homepage.villanova.edu /timothy.feeman/cartography/textsupp/keywords.htm (3332 words)

	Map Projections Poster
		Some projections are suited for mapping large areas that are mainly north-south in extent, others for large areas that are mainly east-west in extent, and still others for large areas that are oblique to the Equator.
		Cylindrical— Mathematically projected on a cylinder tangent to the Equator.
		Cylindrical—Mathematically projected on cylinder tangent to a meridian.
	erg.usgs.gov /isb/pubs/MapProjections/projections.html (3453 words)

	Azimuthal Map Projections
		The gnomonic projection is a perspective projection with the light source located at the centre of the generating globe.
		The stereographic projection is a conformal projection and is commonly used for maps of the polar region.
		The orthographic projection assumes that the light source is an infinite distance from the point of tangency, resulting in the rays of light being parallel to each other and perpendicular to the projection surface.
	www.fes.uwaterloo.ca /crs/geog165/azproj.htm (753 words)

	Map Projections: Contents
		One important concern of cartography is solving how to project, i.e.
		Here are informally described important cartographic concepts, how maps are drawn and why there are so many different kinds of projections for world maps.
		Azimuthal projections, or piercing the Earth with laser beams
	www.progonos.com /furuti/MapProj/Normal/TOC/cartTOC.html (0 words)

	Jon's Cartography Projections (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This projection is a simple pseudocylindrical projection with the projection originating from the center of the Earth.
		The third projection is an azimuthal projection, the stereographic projection.
		It uses a polar projection to project all the views using a remapping of l and f to the polar coordinate system according to the current origin.
	jcatki.no-ip.org /map/projections.html (371 words)

	Map Projections
		A map projection is used to portray all or part of the round Earth on a flat surface.
		Some projections are suited for mapping large areas that are mainly north-south in extent, others for large areas that are mainly east-west in extent, and still others for large areas that are oblique to the Equator.
		Cylindrical— Mathematically projected on a cylinder tangent to the Equator.
	www.geomart.com /articles/mapprojections.htm (3307 words)

	Map projection Summary
		The Mercator projection is accurate at the equator but becomes progressively more distorted toward the poles, while polar stereographic maps preserve high-latitude coordinates at the expense of equatorial regions.
		Azimuthal projections are variously used for aeronautical navigation (azimuthal equidistant), maps of the ocean basins (Lambert azimuthal equal area), maps of the hemispheres (orthographic), and polar navigation (stereographic).
		Pseudocylindrical projections represent the central meridian and each parallel as a straight line segment, but not the other meridians, except for the Collignon projection, which in its most common forms represents all meridians as straight lines from the poles to the equators as straight line segments.
	www.bookrags.com /Map_projection (3524 words)

	Maps - Encyclopedia of Earth
		The Mercator projection causes area to be gradually distorted from the equator to the poles.
		In this project, the Earth is mathematically projected onto a cylinder tangent at the equator.
		The final projection presented presents areas on a map that are proportional to the same areas on the actual surface of the Earth (Figure 8).
	www.eoearth.org /article/Maps (1693 words)

	Coordinate Systems
		Projection Transformation: The second type of problem in reconciling coordinate systems in datasets is where we have two coordinate systems which are different, but where the differences among them is mathematically understood from the beginning.
		The term Projection derives directly from the concept that a silhouette of any sort of object can be projected onto a flat surface (as with a light source and screen.) In the case of (very simple) map projection, the object is a transparent globe with geographic features drawn on it.
		This projection overcomes the distortion problem inherent in the standard Mercator by simply putting the tangent line of the projection surface near the center of the area of interest.
	www.geog.ubc.ca /courses/geog376/notes/georeferencing/coordinates.html (2563 words)

	ESRI Map Book Gallery Volume 18: Cartography - Tycho
		The inspiration for this after-hours project was a joint interest in astronomy and a desire to experiment with the new cartographic tools in the ArcGIS suite.
		The image was converted to an ArcInfo grid on a sinusoidal projection with a spherical radius of 1,748 kilometers.
		The orthographic scene was created using ArcInfo software's triangulated irregular network (TIN) surface modeling tools to drape a false-color Clementine orthophoto over a portion of the radar-derived elevation model.
	www.esri.com /mapmuseum/mapbook_gallery/volume18/cartography6.html (430 words)

	Planetary cartography commands
		Cartography is a method that allows you to represent, on a plane, a surface that is generally not flat, such as the earth or any other planetary surface.
		The projection of the sphere onto the cylinder is usually normal to the cylinder, or normal to the sphere (example: MERCATOR projection).
		Therefore, if you have produced a map in projection "b" from a map in projection "a", and you now want a map in projection "c", it is better to start from the "a" projection than from the "b", as far as the resolution of "c" is concerned.
	www.astrosurf.org /buil/us/iris/iris20.htm (3915 words)

	[No title]
		A map projection is the systematic arrangement of the earth’s (or generating globe’s) parallels and meridians onto a plane surface.
		When projected from the center of the globe, the typical grid appearance for Conic projections shows parallels forming arcs of circles facing up in the Northern Hemisphere and down in the Southern Hemisphere; and meridians are either straight or curved and radiate outwards from the direction of the point of the cone.
		Examples of an Oblique Aspect are shown in the Oblique Mercator projection of Alaska, an Oblique Aspect Orthographic projection, and in the Lambert Conformal Conic projection of Texas.
	personal.uncc.edu /lagaro/cwg/mapproj/intro_mp.html (2543 words)

	51 Hdtv Monitor Projection Toshiba
		Orthographic projection (cartography) - Orthographic projection is a map projection of cartography.
		Like the Stereographic projection and Gnomonic projection, Orthographic projection is a perspective (or azimuthal) projection, in which the sphere is projected onto a tangent plane or secant plane.
		As the pre-eminent standard for the project management profession, A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK(R) Guide)--2000 Edition identifies and describes the subset of principles and practices for a category of projects in one application area that are generously illustrated with case studies drawn from North America and the Asia-Pacific region.
	hd33.triptych03.com /51hdtvmonitorprojectiontoshiba.html (897 words)

	Cadapult Software Solutions, Inc. - History of Cartography Part III (Site not responding. Last check: )
		An easy way to grasp the way a map is “projected” onto a flat surface is to imagine a transparent globe with opaque continents and lines of longitude and latitude, and a light in the center.
		This type of projection is suitable for broad areas in mid-latitudes, such as the United States, but not practical for a world map.
		As always, it is very important to understand the intended audience before choosing a map projection and to know where your source data came from, particularly when combining different map elements and especially when re-projecting them to “fit” each other.
	www.cadapult-software.com /tutorials/cartography3.htm (1168 words)

	Projection Hdtv Monitor (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Orthographic projection (cartography) - Orthographic projection is a map projection of cartography.
		Like the Stereographic projection and Gnomonic projection, Orthographic projection is a perspective (or azimuthal) projection, in which the sphere is projected onto a tangent plane or secant plane.
		Mollweide projection - The Mollweide projection is a non-geometric map projection used for geographic maps of the world, also known as the Babinet projection, or elliptical projection.
	monitors.vvvvvv3.com /projectionhdtvmonitor.html (531 words)

	Projections for star charting and lunar mapping
		There are plenty of good reasons to use other projections on terrestrial charts (the Mercator renders lines of constant bearing on the earth as straight lines; various cylindrical projections give you good accuracy on most of the earth at the expense of trashing the poles; and so on).
		There are two cases in astronomy where conic projections might be helpful: (a) if you wanted to make a whole set of charts with the same two standard parallels, then they would match each other left to right; (b) if you wanted to make a Uranometria "clone".
		Math behind some simple azimuthal projections: Almost all projections (and all azimuthal ones) assume that you begin with a central point, (ra0, dec0), which happens to match the center of your chart.
	www.projectpluto.com /project.htm (778 words)

	CARTOGRAPHY(3)
		For the purpose of determining the "original image resolution", it is assumed that the selection cone is on the observer's central meri- dian and that the observer's heliographic latitude is as close as possible to the cone but not exceeding +/- 7.5 degrees.
		The map coordinates are first transformed into arc and azimuth coordinates relative to the center of the map according to the appropriate inverse transformation for the projection, and thence to latitude and longitude from the known heliographic coordinates of the map center (latc and lonc) (in radians).
		The scale of the map coordinates is assumed to be in units of radians at the map center (or other appropriate location of minimum distor- tion).
	soi.stanford.edu /sssc/ug/man3/cartography.3.html (741 words)

	FREC 480--Projections
		A cylindrical projection would result from wrapping a cylinder of paper tangent to the equator, and recording the projection from a filament between the poles.
		An azimuthal projection may be lit from the center of the globe (a "gnomonic" projection) or from an infinite distance through the other side of the globe opposite the tangency point (an "orthographic" projection).
		Map projection problems are complicated by the fact that the Earth is not a perfect sphere at all: its poles are somewhat flattened, its equator is somewhat bulged, and it has a slight pear shape.
	www.udel.edu /johnmack/frec480/480lec_projections.html (1588 words)

	Map Projections (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Whether one chooses to view all this as a manifestation of an unjustified prejudice against map projections outside the equal-area to conformal range, or a normal response to the fact that such projections are special-purpose in nature, is a matter of opinion.
		Although some azimuthal projections can be drawn in other cases relatively easily, drawing most other map projections in a case different from the conventional one was very difficult before computers came along to draw maps for us.
		The intent might be to show a true equal-area projection, to show a conventional projection that at least improves upon the Mercator's depiction of areas, or to illustrate great-circle routes of air travel.
	www.quadibloc.com /maps/mapint.htm (1761 words)

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