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Topic: Orthographic reform

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	Reforms of Russian orthography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		That it was retained without discussion in the Petrine reform of the Russian alphabet of 1708 indicates that it then still marked a distinct sound in the Moscow koine of the time.
		The spelling reform was finally promulgated by the Provisional Government in the summer of 1917.
		An urban legend holds that the yat was dropped because it somewhat resembles a church with belltower or spire, or an orb and cross (globus cruciger), signifying the tsar's role as defender of the Orthodox Christian faith.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reforms_of_Russian_orthography (1418 words)

	Reforms of French orthography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The orthography of French was already more or less fixed, and from a phonological point of view outdated, when its lexicography developed in the late 17th century and the Académie française was mandated to establish an "official" prescriptive norm.
		Still, there was already much debate at the time opposing the tenets of a traditional, etymological orthography, and those of a reformed, phonological transcription of the language.
		Hence, new reforms suggested in 1901, 1935, and 1975 were almost totally ignored, except for the replacement of apostrophes with hyphens is some cases of (potential) elision in 1935.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Reforms_of_French_orthography (1333 words)

	Spelling Fun - Reforming English Spelling
		Reformers have often suggested a series of small changes as a way to deal with the anticipated resistance to any change at all.
		Twain poked fun at the resistance to orthographic reform in his essay on Cadmus, the legendary Phoenician king who introduced the Semitic alphabet to the Greeks.
		The amusing staged reform proposal is based on the notion that society would be quick to adapt to the simple changes proposed for year 1 and by the end of the year, most people would be reading and writing this way.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/spel-fun.html (1308 words)

	Spelling Reform
		Recent thinking among spelling reformers stresses gradual rather than radical change, so as to ensure continuity of literacy, enable old and new to coexist, and limit the impact and scope of any one stage in reform: that is, evolution rather than revolution.
		Opponents of reform often describe the rich variety of present spellings as a heritage not to be lightly discarded, while reformers attach priority to the actual or perceived needs of contemporary users.
		Orthographic conservationists point out that present spellings often reflect the history of words and their links across groups of words and with words in other languages, while reformers present a counter-list of historically inconsistent spellings and cite arbitrary variations both within English and from the spellings of other European languages.
	www.foolswisdom.com /~sbett/spelling_reform.htm (3911 words)

	With the arrival of the printing press in England, mass-production of the
		A recurrent theme when discussing the relationship between orthographical reform and the history of printing is the matter of typographical economy.
		Scholarly reform of spelling, however, occurred during the sixteenth century, with estimates for the completion of standardization ranging from the mid-1600s to exactly 1700 (Scragg 80).
		Mulcaster’s reforms for the English language – when compared to other orthoepists of his day who advocated “iconic relationships to the sounds”(Millward 232) of letters, the elimination of capital letters, and the introduction of new symbols – were considerably reasonable and practical, although D.G. Scragg sees Mulcaster as a theorist at best (77).
	www.chass.utoronto.ca /~cpercy/courses/6362Olague1.htm (2567 words)

	Lango 16
		Orthographic reform is especially difficult because it deals with letters, the building blocks of words, as well as with words themselves.
		Moreover, an organised orthographic reform of the English language, for the direct benefit of the whole English-speaking world, is unlikely to happen, for reasons which are explored in the next chapter.
		Such a reform would bring into focus linguistic problems which T.O. deals with in an essentially negative way; the conventionalised spelling of T.O. avoids giving precedence to any of the accents in the English-speaking world and distinguishes homophones like "peak, peek, pique" on the page by the same means.
	www.ki4u.com /webpal/a_reconstruction/language/essays/lango/lango16.htm (849 words)

	Principles for reforms on the SSWD webpage
		This Project is about (A) reforming irrational spellings that may cause preventable problems for readers (especially new readers) and (B) streamlining cumbersome but otherwise sensible spellings of words that have agreed pronunciations.
		Reformed spellings for the SSWD page must accommodate all major alternative pronunciations, of all major dialects/speech communities.
		Absent a systematic reform (like Fanetik), English will never be completely consistent, but we can get rid of much of the inconsistency almost painlessly, in ways the SSWD website shows.
	www.geocities.com /sswordday/principles.html (3264 words)

	Simpler Spelling Word of the Day ARCHIVE (Sept.-Dec. 2004)
		A single reformed word may not mean much, but multiply that saving by thousands of words a day and you achieve a real simplification in your life.
		Ideally, all CH's that represent the K sound should simply be replaced by K. That might mollify the people who oppose spelling reform because it sometimes obscures the history of the word, in that the "un-English" look of such new spellings will cue the reader that they had a CH in their language of origin.
		Were we to reform "eight" to "ate", it would become a homograph for the simple-past of "eat".
	www.geocities.com /sswordday/arc04-4Q.html (6842 words)

	Kanji - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Most of these are not in common use in either Japan or China.
		In 1946, following World War II, the Japanese government instituted a series of orthographic reforms.
		Literacy and Script Reform in Occupation Japan: Reading Between the Lines.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kanji (3937 words)

	PhD Proposal: Orthographic structure and the lexicon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The aim of this project is to develop a formal description of orthographic structure and examine how lexicons can be organised in a way that facilitates output in both phonological and orthographic form.
		Our investigation of the sorts of information provided by orthographic systems, while based in the tradition of theoretical linguistics, will bear in mind the progress and insights gained from applied NLP, and it is intended that the outcome of the project will be of interest to both groups.
		The debate tends to revolve around orthographic reform (in languages like English and French where the connection between spelling and pronunciation is opaque) or the development of simpler spelling systems to increase literacy.
	www.itri.brighton.ac.uk /~Jon.Herring/newproposal.html (3163 words)

	Untitled
		Most reformers would see the eventual deletion of extra or silent letters to be desirable; but although the initial letter might simply be dropped from "knife", "knock" or "gnat", omitting it from "know", "knit" or "write" would produce homographs: and to delete the one but not the other would be widely regarded as inconsistent.
		A fourth difficulty is that the principles of orthographic and grammatical regularity are often in conflict.
		It becomes apparent that a proper reform of English could not take place without a comprehensive overhaul of the alphabet, which would in turn necessitate an international standard pronunciation, as an orthographic benchmark, and also the incorporation of numerous words from other languages to replace all the consequent homonyms.
	bahai-library.com /books/lango/lang30.html (2659 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : The Cultural Impediments. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		The major obstacle that confronts the orthographic reformer is the existing system itself, which, with all its scandalous lack of utility, happens to be an investiture that seems to defy displacement.
		Of the instances of orthographic reform that have occurred in this century, those of the Portuguese, the Russian, the Turkish, and the Chinese, have followed in the wake of violent social upheaval.
		Since the orthographic reformer himself happens to be one of the elements of this structure, he can work from within, using appropriate strategy, to expedite the required change of attitude.
	www.spellingsociety.org /bulletins/b80/fall/cultural.php (3861 words)

	Russian spelling reforms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		He encouraged reform of the Cyrillic script, and from his time onward further Russian spelling reforms continued to be proposed.
		Comprehensive spelling reform aimed at mass literacy was one of the first acts of the democratic provisional government in the 1917 Revolution.
		By the mid-1920s, further orthographic reform was almost complete, with rules that simplified spelling and eliminated surplus letters.
	home.vicnet.net.au /~ozideas/wrussref.htm (925 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : News Sheet 4 pt4. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Altho most people are in favor of basic reform they are averse to radical change, - therefore the new orthografy must be a compromise between the erratic and the ideal.
		Thus it is suggested that all academic journals feature "readers write" columns for pro and con discussion of all aspects of reform.
		Then, when the discussions subside, call for a readers referendum via clip-out mail-in ballots: - and subsequently declare the most popular to be academically acceptable for general use, - at the option of the writer, - whether pupil, teacher, layman, journalist, or author.
	www.spellingsociety.org /news/ns/ns4pt4.php (1661 words)

	Chinese Education Reform (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		In particular, recent trends and developments in mathematics education and its reform are attracting the attention...
		His scholarly interests are in costs and financing of education, and education reform...
		Ironies and Contradictions in Chinaâ€™s Education Reform and the Chinese Diasporaâ€™s Disappointments with Australian Education.
	education.comyou.info /chinese-education-reform.html (190 words)

	Untitled
		Spelling reformers, including the S.S.S., have hitherto been constrained by the premise that the current English alphabet should be retained.
		In order to accommodate these constraints, we suggest that the capacity of the alphabet might be doubled by severing the correspondence between upper and lower case letters.
		Orthographic reform would make the former unnecessary - since words would be spelt as they sounded - and the genitive could be abolished if the simple creole usage became current.
	bahai-library.com /books/lango/lang31.html (1520 words)

	Radical spelling reform or partial modification? \| Antimoon Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		This might seem like a reason for more moderate orthographic reform, but for me at least, that is rather pointless simply because it is unlikely to truly solve the problems of English orthography, as such may likely require redesigning English orthography from the ground up in the first place.
		At that point, across the board orthographic reform becomes much more possible, as we have seen with Afrikaans gaining an orthography separate from Dutch orthography, but again, then such would be limited to any given separate language within this new Anglic language group, for obvious reasons.
		The reason why I want orthographic reform myself is to fix the entire orthography throughout its entire whole, and make it systematic, clean, and truly phonemic for at least some reconstructed common historical forms or some artificially constructed "average".
	www.antimoon.com /forum/t401-0.htm (567 words)

	The "Î din A" rules
		This generalization of the use of "î" was inspired by the reform of the Russian orthography, imposed by the bolshevik linguists at that time.
		The orthographic reform in Romania aimed to undermine the Latinic character of the Romanian language and to emphasize a parallelism between the Russian and the Romanian phonetic, as perceived by the communists.
		However, because the 1993 spelling reform is quite recent, and because several newspaper and publishers continue to ignore it, you are likely to find both practices in current use.
	www.ncf.ca /~bv561/i-din-a.html (1280 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.1537: German Spelling Reform
		Ryan, after having read one of the postings on the spelling reform, I was inspired to think about the sociological aspects of a normative orthographic consciousness in readers and linguistic normativity as such.
		Shaw was a writer and given that writers are occasionally known to have a sense of humor, it might could be that the GHOTI fish rule was meant as a tongue in cheek remark.
		The German spelling reform is a minor and not a complete spelling reform, I gather, a sort of tidying up of the edges.
	www.sfs.nphil.uni-tuebingen.de /linguist/issues/9/9-1537.html (646 words)

	LINGUIST List 9.1517: German Spelling
		Or, to avoid the orthographic expression of a grammatical notion (incorporation, or polysynthesis) which is not "traditional" from the point of view of latin-based grammar, and to pretend an analytic formation.
		Only (conservative) institutions deciding on the basis of the mastery of orthographic (and other) rules whether a person can be considered -- 'disciplined enough' (to have learned and accepted them), I suppose, in order to become a member of their ingroup...
		The reform itself is a different matter and it has been debated for at least fifteen or so years in German-speaking countries.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/9/9-1517.html (1666 words)

	Uygur (Uighur)Language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		By the third decade of the 20th century, in order to meet the contemporary needs of modern Uighur writers, the traditional orthographic system of the religious schools, as well as the religious texts of these academies, written in a style based on Arabic grammar, were confronted with an absolute need for reform.
		More specifically, reformers of Ili followed the model of Turkey and the Central Asian reform movement, whereas those of the Tarbagatai group imitated the reformers among the Turks in the Volga-Ural area, and both these trends are to be seen reflected in the literature of the time.
		Thus the orthographic reform of the Uighur and Khazakh languages left the experimental stage and entered the stage of wide scale promulgation.
	www.uygurworld.com /_sgt/m4_1.htm (1136 words)

	Simplified Spelling Society : Commercial considerations. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-03)
		Like teachers, users of English are shown as living with a system that is wide open for improvement and how, by meeting their needs, orthographic reform can win more of the support necessary for acceptance.
		To conclude, if it is to be successful, the introduction of orthographic reform really does need some convincing, non-conversational benefits for the fluent English speaker if it is to win the support of the very people who can make it happen.
		Agreement on a suitabl form of simplified spelling is important, altho not absolutely essentail, sins meny wuud-be reformers will continue to insist that their personal versions of reform are better than others.
	www.spellingsociety.org /bulletins/b82/winter/jolly.php (2262 words)

	Organizations
		Jemal Nebez (1978) was critical of the qualifications of active members, the proposed orthographic reform, scientific terminologies and publishing policy.
		The proposed alphabet and spelling reform was used in the publications of the Academy only.
		The reform's failure can be partly attributed to the fact that decisions were taken by a committee which had no contact with other language reformers or government organs involved in language reform.
	www.kurdishacademy.org /english/org/org-006.html (1227 words)

	English Spelling Reform, New Alphabets for English, Systematic Phonemic (Phonetic) Spelling,
		Speling Reformers tipicaly wont to riet with a dicshunairy pronunsiaeshun gied rather than tradishunal English speling.
		More on the case for spelling reform and clipping superfluous letters.
		I favor the idea of some spelling reform, but I only think that it's possible and practical if we do just a little, and do so gradually.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /vangogh/555/Spell/spel-links.html (1881 words)

	Brazil - BRAZZIL - Of Falling Acutes and Circumflexes - Portuguese Language - August 1998
		Brazil and all other nations that speak Portuguese are once again bracing for an orthographic reform.
		The present orthographic rules were established in 1943 and tinkered with in 1971.
		The new half-hearted reform was concocted by Brazilian renowned linguist Antônio Houaiss (he translated James Joyce's Ulysses into Portuguese) and Portuguese linguist João Malaca Casteleiro.
	www.brazil-brasil.com /p24aug98.htm (1055 words)

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